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Topic: Herero massacre

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	Guardian \| Tribe demands Germany apologises 100 years after 'forgotten' massacre
		Descendants of the Herero tribe, in what is now Namibia, have demanded a formal apology for the atrocities committed under German colonial rule.
		The massacre at Waterberg, near the Namibian capital, Windhoek, was the most infamous episode in a campaign overshadowed by Germany's even darker later history.
		The Herero are demanding $2bn in damages from the German government and a further $2bn from German companies which allegedly profited from the German occupation of Namibia.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,4990425-103681,00.html (749 words)

	Herero - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Herero migrated to what is today Namibia from the east and established themselves as herdsmen.
		Primarily in Damaraland, German settlers acquired land from the Herero in order to establish farms; in 1883, the merchant Franz Adolf Eduard Lüderitz entered into a contract with native elders which later was to become the basis of German colonial rule.
		Soon after, conflicts between German colonists and Herero herdsmen began; controversies frequently arose because of disputes about access to land and water, but also the legal discrimination of the native population by the white immigrants.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Herero (471 words)

	Herero Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Herero and Namaqua Genocide occurred in German South-West Africa (modern day Namibia) from 1904 until 1907, during the scramble for Africa, and is considered the worst atrocity in the history of the German colonial empire.
		Characteristic of the genocide was death by starvation and the poisoning of wells for the Herero and Namaqua population that was trapped in the Namib Desert.
		In addition, she admitted the massacres were equivalent to genocide, without explicitly mentioning the concentration camps and slavery that took place, which are well documented by the Germans themselves.
	www.infoforyou.org /input.php?title=Herero_Wars (1487 words)

	HERERO WARS FACTS AND INFORMATION
		The Herero Wars were a series of colonial wars between German forces and the Herero tribe of southwestern Africa.
		The Herero tribe were originally a tribe of graziers living in the region of modern Namibia.
		The Herero Wars and Massacre are powerfully depicted in a chapter of a masterpiece of postmodern literature, Thomas Pynchon's V.
	www.feefriend.com /Herero_Wars (503 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Herero (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The majority of the Herero live in Namibia, with the remainder living in Botswana and Angola.
		At the 100th anniversary of the massacre, German Minister for Economic Development and Cooperation Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul commemorated the dead on site and apologized for the crimes on behalf of all Germans.
		A group of Hereros living in Germany who were inducted into the German military during the Second World War appear in a major part in Thomas Pynchon's novel Gravity's Rainbow,.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Herero (549 words)

	Herero and Namaqua Genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		German troops in combat with the Herero in a painting by Richard Knötel.
		Surviving Herero after the escape through the arid desert of Omaheke.
		General Lothar von Trotha was dispatched in October 1904 with a force of 14,000 soldiers to resolve the crisis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Herero_massacre (1528 words)

	Herero \| People of Namibia \| Namibia... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Herero were a fearless and warlike nation, taking on the might of the German empire in 1904.
		The Herero tribe of the Waterberg area is extremely distinctive, mainly because of the ladies extravagant Victorian dress.
		Herero is one of the most important Bantu languages in south-western Africa (Namibia and west Botswana).
	suncity.hotel.co.za /africa_herero.html (909 words)

	NamibWeb.com - The online guide to Namibia: Its Past on Its Sleeve, article from NYT
		Tjikuzo is said to have one of the snappiest German uniforms that the Hereros wear on Red Flag Day and Heroes Day, when they visit the graves of their chiefs here.
		When the Herero attacked, they killed all the men, but on the orders of their leader, Samuel Maherero, spared women, children, missionaries and the few English and Afrikaner farmers.
		Now the Herero are a minor tribe, greatly outnumbered by the northern Ovambo people, who were beyond German reach in colonial days but led the fight against white South African rule, which ended victoriously in 1990.
	www.namibweb.com /hereronyt.htm (1372 words)

	Pressafrique - Germany admits Namibia genocide (BBC)
		German minister Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul told a commemorative ceremony that the brutal crushing of the Herero uprising 100 years ago was genocide.
		The Herero rebelled in 1904 against German soldiers and settlers who were colonising south-west Africa.
		Herero were massacred with machine guns, their wells poisoned and then driven into the desert to die.
	www.pressafrique.com /m30.html (294 words)

	[No title]
		The largely forgotten 1904 Herero massacre is one of the worst atrocities in colonial history
		Hereros and Namas were abused as slaves, their societies were crushed, poverty and despair took hold, and the weak and the handicapped were left to die.
		The Hereros fought the occupation for four years, but the German counterstrike decimated at least 80 percent of their population.
	english.ohmynews.com /articleview/article_print.asp?menu=c10400&no=180988&rel_no=1&isPrint=print (952 words)

	Germany and the Herero: What now? (The Head Heeb)
		If the massacre of Armenians in the First World War by the Ottoman Empire counts as Europe's first genocide, then what the German Empire did to the cattleherding the Herero people of what is now central Namibia counts equally as southern Africa's first genocide.
		It was primarily against the Hereros and to a lesser extent the Namas and the Damaras," said Mr.
		Even among the Herero, there are strong and growing divisions as to whether their communal authorities or individual Herero should receive the compensation funds.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /2006/05/germany_and_the_herero_what_no.php (1780 words)

	Namibian tribe sues Germany for genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Despite the fact that Germany was forced by Allied troops to cede the territory in 1915, leaving it eventually under the rule of apartheid South Africa until its independence as Namibia in 1990, Germany has remained the largest single investor in the country and provides billions in financial, technical and medical assistance to the government.
		There are no more than 100,000 Hereros and related tribespeople left, scattered throughout south-western Africa, but human rights activists and lawyers have taken up their case and helped to form the Herero People's Reparation Corporation, that is now launching the lawsuit against the German government and, in a separate case, against the two companies.
		Herero paramount chief Kuaima Riruako said he expected the cases to be heard at American courts within two months.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/832928/posts (1675 words)

	August 2004 News Monitor - Prevent Genocide International
		BBC 20 Aug 2004 Burundi survivors to be relocated The massacre victims had already fled violence in DR Congo Survivors of a massacre in a Burundi refugee camp are to be relocated away from the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo, the UN says.
		He said Herero leaders constantly had to restrain their people because tensions were running high in the Herero community as land that was forcefully taken from them was still occupied by descendants of German settlers.
		Thousands of Herero are expected to gather at Ohamakari in the Otjozondjupa Region, the scene of the last battle against the Germans, on August 14 as part of year-long activities to commemorate this year's 100th anniversary of the war.
	www.preventgenocide.org /prevent/news-monitor/2004aug.htm (18768 words)

	Germany 'regrets' 1904 -DAWN - International; 15 August, 2004
		HAMAKARI, Aug 14: Namibia's Herero people on Saturday marked the centenary of a massacre seen as the first genocide of the 20th century, urging a visiting German minister to back compensation for the colonial atrocity.
		Herero chief Kuaima Riruako told thousands of cheering supporters he had thrown away a prepared speech after listening to an acknowledgment of responsibility for the 1904 massacre from German Development Minister Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul.
		Flanked by a group of bare-chested Herero men chained together by the neck, and placard-carrying descendants of Herero women raped by German soldiers, Wieczorek-Zeul made a speech which she said amounted to an apology.
	www.dawn.com /2004/08/15/int7.htm (454 words)

	Herero \| People of Namibia \| Namibia... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Despite having an army of only 7,000 warriors, the Herero were able to use the element of surprise to score key victories early in the fighting, resulting in them regaining control of much of central South West Africa.
		After Namibia's independence many Hereros expressed their desire to return to their roots, the Botswanan and Namibian governments stipulated though that any Hereros going back to Namibia had to leave behind their herds and possessions.
		From the 1920's onwards the Herero have set up various chiefs' councils to safeguard their national identity, handle defence and manage tribal affairs.
	www.siyabona.com /africa_herero_p1.html (1230 words)

	Namibiaian Ethnic Group Seeks Reparations From German Massacre
		The Herero's paramount chief Kuaima Riruako called on Germans and the German churches to pressure the German government to pay reparations to Namibia's Hereros, who, though they've rebuilt their population to about 120,000, remain a minority, both demographically and politically.
		Still, Herero chief Riruako said he and hundreds of other Hereros filed a lawsuit four years ago in a U.S. federal court, seeking at least $2 billion from German companies, including the Deutsche Bank, that benefited from slavery and exploitation of Hereros under German rule in what is now Namibia.
		For the descendents of the Hereros who lost their land and cattle to the Germans, the genocide has had a ripple effect from the past to the present.
	quickstart.clari.net /voa/art/eb/2005-11-03-voa47.html (840 words)

	Namibia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Between 1904 and 1908, German troops massacred tens of thousands of Herero, who had revolted against colonial domination.
		In Nov. 2004, Hifikepunye Pohamba of SWAPO was elected president with 76% of the vote.
		In 2004, Germany issued a formal apology for the massacre of Herero by German colonial troops between 1904 and 1908.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107812.html (805 words)

	db-art.info - alle Infos zur Kunst der Deutschen Bank
		It’s no wonder, because Kentridge has directed his attention to a repressed chapter of colonial rule during the era of Wilhelm II: the German massacre on the Herero tribe in German Southwest Africa, today Namibia, during which the tribe was almost completely exterminated in 1904.
		One hundred years after the Herero uprising, which was brutally suppressed, German Foreign Aid Advisor Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul might have asked for forgiveness, but fl Africa’s past does not play much of a role in the German collective memory, as Woeller contends.
		In what starts out as an investigation into the Herero massacre, theatrical performance and decontextualized opera arias are blown up into an-all-too respectable desire to make art.
	www.deutsche-bank-kunst.com /art/preview/e/5/405.php (607 words)

	A Painful Reminder of German Colonialism \| Germany \| Deutsche Welle \| 11.08.2004
		Tensions between the ethnic Herero people and the German rulers spilled over in January 1904 when Herero warriors, seeking to revolt against their masters for suppressing them and seizing their land, killed around 200 German soldiers and settlers.
		During the fight, German soldiers are said to have forced the surviving Herero into the Omaheke desert and blocked access to all water sources.
		Namibia on Sunday marked the 100th anniversary of the Herero Rebellion, remembering one of the darkest chapters of Germany’s colonial past in what was once German Southwest Africa.
	www.dw-world.de /english/0,3367,1432_A_1294643_1_A,00.html?mpb=en (958 words)

	Namibia Marks Century-Old German Massacre - Global News on the World Crisis Web
		About 10,000 members of the Nama tribe were also killed in the massacre, which some historians call the first genocide of the 20th century.
		Germany, which is Namibia’s main source of development aid, has expressed “deep regret” for the killings, which almost eradicated the Herero tribe, but has ruled out paying compensation, and has not made a formal apology out of fear this could make it vulnerable to claims.
		Though the Herero people are using the anniversary to press their demand for reparations, the killings happened too long ago for them to file a civil suit in Germany.
	www.world-crisis.com /news/576_0_1_0_M (390 words)

	Reparations Commentaries
		The descendants of the Herero survivors of this little known holocaust, are today reviving the issue with aroused vigour, demanding from the German government not only an apology for the atrocities that culminated in the 1904 butchery of their ancestors, but reparations as well.
		They killed more Hereros by poisoning the few water holes in the desert, and forcing fathers and mothers perishing from thirst to share breast milk with their dying babies.
		The Herero ordeal would be incomplete without mentioning that, soon after their defeat and extermination by the Germans, their tribal rivals, the Nama (Hottentots) led by Chief Hendrik Witboi, tried to mount a similar revolt against the Germans.
	www.swagga.com /global.htm (7313 words)

	Herero 1904 (Namibia) Genocide Resources - Prevent Genocide International
		On August 14, 2004, on th 100th anniversary of the battle that began the Herero genocide, Germany's Development Aid MinisterHeidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul offered her government's first formal apology for the colonial-era massacre of some 65,000 members of the Herero tribe by German troops in Namibia.
		Horst Drechsler, Südwestafrika unter deutscher Kolonialherrschaft : der Kampf der Herero und Nama gegen den deutschen Imperialismus 1884-1915, (Berlin : Akademie Verlag, 1985), 318 pp.
		Jan-Bart Gewald, Herero heroes : a socio-political history of the Herero of Namibia, 1890-1923, (Oxford [U.K.] : James Currey ; Athens : Ohio University Press, 1999), 310 pp.
	preventgenocide.org /edu/pastgenocides/swafrika/resources (827 words)

	afrol News - Germany apologises for "1904 Namibia genocide"
		Minister Wieczorek-Zeul this weekend participated in the official 100th anniversary memorial ceremony for the Herero massacre, held at Okakarara in Namibia.
		Many Hereros however expect more from the German government, which during the last decades has paid large compensations to the Jewish people and other victims of the Nazi genocide.
		While the moral arguments for a possible compensation for the Hereros are gaining strength in Germany, this is however not always the case in Namibia.
	www.afrol.com /articles/13714 (816 words)

	German Minister to Attend Herero Massacre Commemoration \| Germany \| Deutsche Welle \| 07.08.2004
		Between 45,000 and 65,000 Herero died after German officers issued an extermination order against the tribe in response to an uprising against colonial rule.
		In the past, Germany has resisted mounting calls form the Herero for reparations for the massacres, instead giving Namibia €500 million ($600 million) in aid since 1990, when Namibia won independence from South Africa.
		Germany's ambassador to Namibia has called on the Herero people to drop a $4 billion (€3.3 billion) lawsuit filed three years ago in US courts for atrocities committed under colonial rule.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,2144,1291256,00.html (250 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Germany to attend Herero ceremony
		An estimated 65,000 Herero were killed there in 1904 during a rebellion against German colonial rule.
		Following their defeat, Herero men, women and children were killed, their wells poisoned, their cattle slaughtered and the survivors driven into the desert to die.
		A group of Herero has filed a case for compensation against Germany in the United States.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/3544662.stm (266 words)

	SSRN-State Liability for the Herero Genocide in German South-West Africa (Namibia) by Stefan Kirchner
		Compensation has been denied for the massacre committed in Distomo (Greece) during the German occupation of Greece in World War II as well as with regard to NATO's aerial bombardment of a bridge in the Serbian town of Vavarin during Operation Allied Force in 1999 in which civilians were killed.
		More than a century after German forces committed genocide against the Herero people in Namibia, the victims' descendants still have not yet received adequate compensation.
		In this paper we examine the historical background of the Herero case and the German law of state liability applicable to the case, which essentially is the same law which also applies to the Distomo massacre.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=880719 (275 words)

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