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	IBM Archives: Herman Hollerith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Herman Hollerith was born in Buffalo, N.Y., of German immigrant parents, on February 29, 1860.
		Hollerith remained chief consulting engineer to CTR and a major stockholder, which led inexorably to a classic confrontation between the brilliant engineer, Hollerith, and the brilliant salesman, Thomas J. Watson, Sr.
		Hollerith refused to have anything to do with the resulting machine, which was a modification of his, or the men who designed it.
	www-03.ibm.com /ibm/history/exhibits/builders/builders_hollerith.html (1310 words)

	Herman Hollerith Biography \| World of Computer Science
		Herman Hollerith made a major contribution to the development of the modern digital computer with his tabulating machine.
		Herman Hollerith was born February 29, 1860, in Buffalo, New York.
		Hollerith's invention had to compete against two others, but he was the clear winner since his system took less than half the time required by the two competing systems.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/herman-hollerith-wcs (1820 words)

	Hollerith biography
		Herman Hollerith's parents were immigrants to the United States from Germany in 1848 after political disturbances in that country.
		Hollerith entered the City College of New York in 1875 and he became an engineering graduate of the Columbia School of Mines in 1879, obtaining a distinction in his final examinations.
		Although Hollerith had left the academic world, he clearly was still attracted to certain aspects of it, for he wrote up the details of his tabulating systems and submitted the work for a doctorate at the Columbia School of Mines.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Biographies/Hollerith.html (1605 words)

	Herman Hollerith - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was an American statistician who developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards to rapidly tabulate statistics from millions of pieces of data.
		He was born on February 29, 1860, in Buffalo, New York, to Johann Georg Hollerith (1808–1869) and Franciska Brunn, both of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
		Hollerith saw that if the numbers could then be punched in specified columns on the cards, the cards could be sorted mechanically, and therefore the appropriate columns totalled.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Herman_Hollerith (746 words)

	Herman Hollerith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Herman Hollerith was born on February 29, 1860 and died on November 17, 1929.
		Herman Hollerith was the American inventor of a punch-card tabulating machine system that revolutionized the tabulating process of the United States Census Bureau in 1880.
		Hollerith is credited with initiating the growth of the computer industry and is the founder of a company now called ibm.
	www.wellesley.edu /CS/courses/CS110/History/HermanHollerith.html (154 words)

	History of Computers
		Herman Hollerith's parents immigrated from Germany to the United States in 1848.
		Hollerith was once quoted as saying" One evening at Dr. B's tea table he said to me 'There ought to be a machine for doing the purely mechanical work of tabulating population and similar statistics'." Dr. Billings was also known to have commented on the idea of the use of a Jacquard loom process.
		Hollerith's original design only had room for twenty-four with twelve rows for the holes in each column to be punched.
	techcenter.davidson.k12.nc.us /fall022/HOLLERITH.HTM (1036 words)

	School of Information Science - Hall of Fame
		Herman Hollerith improved the efficiency and accuracy of data processing by inventing a tabulating machine which was the first to used punched cards.
		Hollerith's system was then chosen from a group of three to be used for the 1890 census.
		During his life Hollerith was awarded Elliot Cresson Medal by the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, the Gold Medal of the Paris Exposition, and the Bronze Medal of the World's Fair in 1893.
	www.sis.pitt.edu /~mbsclass/hall_of_fame/hollerith.html (289 words)

	Herman Hollerith Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Herman Hollerith (1860-1929) was the inventor of the punched card tabulating machineÄthe precursor of the modern computerÄand one of the founders of modern information processing.
		Herman Hollerith was born to German immigrants, George and Franciska (Brunn) Hollerith, on February 29, 1860 in Buffalo, New York.
		The problems with Hollerith's continuous paper strip were that it was easy to tear, it was difficult to find a specific piece of information on the strip, and it was almost impossible to re-sort information.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/herman-hollerith (1484 words)

	Herman Hollerith - National Institute of Standards and Technology Virtual Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Born in Buffalo, New York, the son of German immigrants, Hollerith enrolled in the City College of New York at age 15 and graduated from the Columbia School of Mines with distinction at the age of 19.
		Hollerith began working on the tabulating system during his days at MIT, filing for the first patent in 1884.
		Hollerith's system-including punch, tabulator, and sorter-allowed the official 1890 population count to be tallied in six months, and in another two years all the census data was completed and defined; the cost was $5 million below the forecasts and saved more than two years' time.
	museum.nist.gov /panels/conveyor/hollerithbio.htm (301 words)

	Herman Hollerith Tabulating Machine
		Herman Hollerith is widely regarded as the father of modern automatic computation.
		Hollerith's machines were also used for censuses in Russia, Austria, Canada, France, Norway, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines, and again in the US census of 1900.
		Hollerith, and to grant him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy upon the work which he has performed" and by the subsequent Trustees resolution of 7 April 1890, granting him the degree.
	www.columbia.edu /acis/history/hollerith.html (606 words)

	Hollerith's Punched Cards
		practical use of punched cards for data processing is credited to the American inventor Herman Hollerith, who decided to use Jacquard's punched cards to represent the data gathered for the American census of 1890, and to read and collate this data using an automatic machine.
		state that Hollerith originally made his punched cards the same size as the dollar bills of that era, because he realized that it would be convenient and economical to buy existing office furniture, such as desks and cabinets, that already contained receptacles to accommodate stacks of bills.
		Hollerith's early cards were punched with round holes, because his prototype machine employed cards with holes created using a tram conductor's ticket punch.
	www.maxmon.com /punch1.htm (699 words)

	hollerith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The American-produced machine, by Herman Hollerith, the son of German parents, became a means of efficient genocide and persecution, saving money and time in the process of Endlosungor The Final Solution (of the Jewish Question).
		Hollerith developed a punch press in which wires would pass through nail press points, punching the card at a data point, and through the punched hole, connecting with mercury, which would produce a closed circuit, and send an electrical impulse to analog meters, clocklike in appearance.
		By the time Hollerith had died, IBM had full corporate responsibility for the machines which would be used in the Holocaust, and was the agent of sales for the 'computer-sorter' to Nazi Germany.
	www.shoaheducation.com /hollerith.html (2584 words)

	Computing People: Herman Hollerith
		Herman Hollerith's parents immigrated, in 1848, to the United States from Germany fleeing political disturbances there.
		Hollerith was surely a bright child but struggled in his early schooling with difficulties learning spelling.
		Among the areas Hollerith was charged with was solving some of the problems of analysing the large amounts of data collected and generated by the 1880 US census.
	www.angelfire.com /ma/kilenm/2k02ppl.html (1261 words)

	The Digital Revolution - The Impact of Herman Hollerith: Technology Evangelist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hollerith, in his travels by rail, had observed the use of what was called a "punch photograph".
		Hollerith first tried to store data on a continuous paper tape but gave up on this solution because it was too unwieldy.
		Hollerith himself ascribed his switch to a punch card to his observation of a train ticket that was punched with holes that described the apperance of the ticket holder.
	www.technologyevangelist.com /2005/12/the_digital_revoluti.html (2292 words)

	Tabulating Machines
		Hollerith switched to punched cards in 1886 and obtained a second patent in 1887.
		Hollerith machines were used as early as 1886 to tabulate census and mortality data.
		Hollerith then won contracts to supply tabulating equipment for the 1890 US Census, for agricultural statistics, and for census work in a number of other countries.
	www.officemuseum.com /data_processing_machines.htm (2176 words)

	Blair Academy - News & Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He has been a keynote speaker on the topics of student success and youth entrepreneurship at events and conferences from California to Washington, D.C. As a 2005 graduate of New York University, an author, teacher, speaker and award-winning entrepreneur, he is able to deliver a unique perspective that connects with audiences.
		The Herman Hollerith Lecture Series at Blair Academy was established in 2001 by Richard Hollerith, Jr.
		In 2000, The Economist magazine identified the event of Hollerith’s tabulating machine system as one of the 10 most important events in science and technology in the last 100 years, as it marked the beginning of today’s data processing industry.
	www.blair.edu /News_Events/2005_2006/news_ev_hollerith.shtm (310 words)

	Blair Academy - Charitable Giving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Herman Hollerith Lecture Series at Blair Academy was established in 2001 by Richard Hollerith, Jr., the parent of Susan S. Cashin ’85 (formerly Susan Hollerith).
		Hollerith’s grandfather, Herman Hollerith, the son of German immigrants and a graduate of the Columbia College School of Mines in 1879.
		Speakers in the Hollerith series have included John C. Bogle ’47, founder of the Vanguard Group and president of the Bogle Financial Market Research Group; Pat and John Kennedy, business consultants and past Blair parents; and Christopher F. McConnell, principal of The Founders Group and past Blair parent.
	www.blair.edu /Charitable_Giving/giv_hollerith_series.shtm (211 words)

	Inventor Herman Hollerith Biography
		Herman Hollerith, American inventor, born in Buffalo, New York, and educated at Columbia University, who devised a system of encoding data on cards through a series of punched holes.
		Herman Hollerith describes his childhood days in school in a downloadable Quicktime video..
		On, January 8, 1889 Dr. Herman Hollerith received a patent for his tabulating machine, one of the forerunners to modern computers.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventors/hollerith.htm (715 words)

	Herman Hollerith Papers (Library of Congress)
		HERMAN HOLLERITH A REGISTER OF HIS PAPERS IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Prepared by James Byers, 1973, and Wilhelmena Curry, 1978 Revised and expanded by T. Michael Womack Manuscript Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. [Note: numbers refer to pagination of original WordPerfect text] Administrative Information.
		Herman Hollerith, Jr., in 1977, by Virginia Hollerith in 1978, and by Richard Hollerith, Jr., in 1995 and 1997.
		Also of interest in the Hollerith family correspondence is a letter from Nellie Keohan to Lucia B. Hollerith recounting the San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906.
	www.loc.gov /rr/mss/text/hollerit.html (1424 words)

	Herman Hollerith's Self-Propelled Stoat Catcher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After the success of his Tabulating Machine in the reading and counting of the 1890 United States Census, Herman Hollerith began considering other uses for his tabulation machine and the punched-card system.
		Herman decided to construct his roving machine as a Self-Propelled Stoat Catcher.
		Herman himself realised the folly of the experiment, and cut it short before it ended up costing him too much money.
	www.geocities.com /TimesSquare/Realm/7194/stoat.htm (472 words)

	Hollerith
		Hollerith had earlier considered using wide paper tape, with many records per length of tape, but the potential problems of tape damage, and difficulty of finding particular records, and well as inability to sort on particular characteristics discouraged further consideration of the paper tape idea.
		The story that the Hollerith card was the identical size as the then current U.S. dollar to provide an easy source of storage drawers seems correct.
		The Hollerith Census Machines were a "second generation" of successful machines used in 1887 to tabulate mortality statistics in New Jersey and New York City.
	ed-thelen.org /comp-hist/hollerith.html (1230 words)

	History of Computing Science: Herman Hollerith
		A step toward automated computation was the introduction of punched cards, which were first successfully used in connection with computing in 1890 by Herman Hollerith working for the U.S. Census Bureau.
		As a result of his invention, reading errors were consequently greatly reduced, work flow was increased, and, more important, stacks of punched cards could be used as an accessible memory store of almost unlimited capacity; furthermore, different problems could be stored on different batches of cards and worked on as needed.
		Hollerith's tabulator became so successful that he started his own firm to market the device; this company eventually became International Business Machines (IBM).
	www.eingang.org /Lecture/hollerith.html (142 words)

	Tabulating machine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hollerith realized the card would act as an electrical insulator, except where the holes were punched.
		Hollerith used punched cards which were the same size as 1887 US paper currency, as receptacles of that size were readily available.
		Hollerith's company eventually became a part of International Business Machines, which developed faster and faster tabulators until the invention of the electronic computer in the 1940s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tabulating_machine (702 words)

	Herman Hollerith — Infoplease.com
		Working on the 1880 census, Hollerith saw scores of people poring over reams of statistical data and thought, “there must be a more efficient method.” As he worked at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the U.S. Patent Office (1884–90), he developed a machine for tabulating data coded onto punch cards.
		The machine was used in the 1890 census, and he started the Tabulating Machine Company in 1896 to work on new and improved versions of the machine, which he eventually sold to other countries for use in their census tabulations.
		Herman Hollerith - Herman Hollerith Born: 1860 Birthplace: Buffalo, N.Y. Art of compiling statistics—Hollerith...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0771941.html (351 words)

	Herman Hollerith's Tabulating Machines
		In fact it was determined that, if the system remained unchanged, there was no chance of collating the data from the 1890 census into any useful form until well after the 1900 census had taken place, by which time the 1890 data would be of little value.
		to this problem was developed during the 1880s by an American inventor called Herman Hollerith, whose idea it was to use Jacquard's punched cards to represent the census data, and to then read and collate this data using an automatic machine.
		solving the census problem, Hollerith's machines proved themselves to be extremely useful for a wide variety of statistical applications, and some of the techniques they used were to be significant in the development of the digital computer.
	www.maxmon.com /1890ad.htm (410 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is little wonder that Herman Hollerith's company formed an important part of what would become IBM, a corporation that still caries out his legacy of streamlining business though applied technology.
		This inspired Hollerith, as did the existence of the card-controlled Jacquard loom, and the fact that the railroad companies were using punch cards as IDs, with holes in the cards indicating such facts as hair and eye color.
		Hollerith used his machines in the 1890 census and by 1895, he had begun leasing them to other companies.
	www.rit.edu /~zdw9362/Hollerith.doc (877 words)

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