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Topic: Hermann Helmholtz

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	Hermann von Helmholtz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Helmholtz was the son of the Potsdam Gymnasium headmaster, Ferdinand Helmholtz, who had studied classical philology and philosophy, and who was a close friend of the publisher and philosopher Immanuel Hermann Fichte.
		Helmholtz is thought to be the first person to put forward the idea of the heat death of the universe in 1854.
		Helmholtz had in his early refutal of the speculative early nineteenth century tradition of Naturphilosophie stressed the importance of materialism, and was focusing more on the unity of "mind" and body.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz (852 words)

	Famous scientists of thermodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Helmholtz built an electronically controlled instrument to analyse combinations of tones the "Helmholtz Resonator", using electromagnetically vibrating metal tines and glass or metal resonating spheres the machine could be used for analysing the constituent tones that create complex natural sounds.
		Helmholtz revolutionized ophthalmology with his invention, although he was neither the first person to look into the living retina nor the first to fashion a device for viewing the retina.
		Helmholtz's great accomplishment was his ability to turn his inquisitive mind from contemplating the mathematical expression of the law of conservation of energy to devising the only method to illuminate and see the interior of the eye.
	about-thermodynamics.com /helmholtz.html (3123 words)

	The Ophthalmoscope and Hermann von Helmholtz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1850, Hermann von Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope and revolutionized ophthalmology.
		Hermann von Helmholtz was born in 1821 in Pottsdam, Germany.
		Helmholtz had many great accomplishments other than the ophthalmoscope, including his mastery and definition of physiological optics, theory of heat and energy, theories of hearing and the phenomenon of color and accommodation.
	www.eyecareamerica.org /eyecare/museum/exhibits/online/ophthalmoscope.cfm (359 words)

	Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Helmholtz's scientific work in many fields was intended to prove that living things possess no innate vital force, and that their life processes are driven by the same forces and obey the same principles as nonliving systems.
		Helmholtz was born in Potsdam and studied at the Friedrich Wilhelm Institute in Berlin.
		Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope, which is used to examine the retina, 1851, and the ophthalmometer, which measures the curvature of the eye, 1855.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/H/Helmholtz/1.html (268 words)

	Hermann von Helmholtz
		Helmholtz was the eldest of four children and because of his delicate health was confined to home for his first seven years.
		Helmholtz' work in electricity and magnetism revealed his conviction that classical mechanics was probably the best mode of scientific reasoning.
		Helmholtz, on the other hand, was fully conversant with Faraday's laws of electrolysis, which related the amount of current that passed through an electrochemical cell to the equivalent weights of the elements deposited at the poles.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /Biographies/HelmholtzBio.htm (526 words)

	HUMBOLDT-GESELLSCHAFT -> Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) als Kulturträger
		Helmholtz was an important player in the elaboration of the concept of energy and of the field of physics made possible by this conceptual insight.
		Helmholtz may not be seen as the founder of experimental psychology (Gustav Fechner and Wilhelm Wundt are often cited as founders), but he was a very important forerunner.
		It is important to note that Helmholtz was very careful to distance himself from this trend, if for no other reason than the fact that materialism engaged in the kind of metaphysical speculation that he saw as a hindrance to the advance of scientific knowledge.
	www.humboldtgesellschaft.de /druck.php?name=helmholtz (1331 words)

	Helmholtz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Helmholtz was always prepared to admit his mistakes and indeed he did just this three years later when he published new experimental results showing those of his 1852 paper to be incorrect.
		Helmholtz showed that the vortex tubes had to close up and also that the particles in a vortex tube at any given instant would remain in the tube indefinitely so no matter how much the tube was distorted it would retain its shape.
		Helmholtz was the last great scholar whose work, in the tradition of Leibniz, embraced all the sciences, as well as philosophy and the fine arts.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Helmholtz.html (2144 words)

	Hermann von Helmholtz Association of National Research Centres
		The "Hermann von Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren" (HGF) is the umbrella organization of 15 German large-scale research centres.
		The Helmholtz centres are engaged in research and development in natural science, technology and biological medicine.
		The Helmholtz centres receive 90 percent of their funds from the Federal Government and 10 percent from the respective host Federal State.
	www.euronuclear.org /info/encyclopedia/h/helmholtzassoz.htm (208 words)

	Hermann von Helmholtz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hermann von Helmholtz stands for the whole diversity of scientific research with an orientation towards technological practice.
		Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand Helmholtz – at the time still without the "von" – was born in Potsdam on 31 August 1821 as the son of a senior grammar school teacher.
		Helmholtz was the first scientist to measure the wavelengths of ultraviolet light and to calculate the capacity of the light microscope.
	www.helmholtz.de /en/Who_we_are/Profile/Hermann_von_Helmholtz.html (559 words)

	Hermann von Helmholtz and the Foundations of Nineteenth-Century
		Hermann von Helmholtz and the Foundations of Nineteenth-Century
		Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) was a polymath of dazzling intellectual range and energy.
		David Cahan is Associate Professor of History at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, and author of An Institute for an Empire: The Physikalisch-Technische Reich-sanstalt, 1871-1918 (1990).
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/2795.html (180 words)

	Hermann von Helmholtz
		Helmholtz also demonstrated great practical talent by inventing the opthalmascope, and his Theory of Sound Sensitivity (1862) both propounds a theory for the combination of tones and analyses the timbre of musical instruments, even venturing toward a theory of harmony.
		Helmholtz's investigations were guided by the ever present analogy of the eye and the ear.
		Subsequently, Helmholtz draws the conclusion that, in his view, the pure red and the pure violet of the spectrum do not occur as a simple sensation of a fundamental colour, and for this reason the lower line must be displaced to the values V1 and R1.
	www.colorsystem.com /projekte/engl/20hele.htm (1166 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology: Helmholtz, Hermann von (1821-1894)
		Hermann Helmholtz was one of the few scientists to master two disciplines: medicine and physics.
		Helmholtz was born into a poor but scholarly family; his father was an instructor of philosophy and literature at a gymnasium in his hometown of Potsdam, Germany.
		Helmholtz disproved this by stimulating a frog's nerve first near a muscle and then farther away; when the stimulus was farther from the muscle, it contracted just a little slower.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0004/ai_2699000496 (919 words)

	Hermann von Helmholtz : Hermann Helmholtz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Helmholtz was the son of a gymnasium headmaster, Ferdinand Helmholtz, who had studied classical philology and philosophy, and who was a close friend of Immanuel Hermann Fichte.
		As a young man, Helmholtz was interested in natural science, but his father wanted him to study medicine because there was financial support for medical students.
		Helmholtz wrote about many topics ranging from the age of the earth to the origin of the planetary system.
	www.explainthis.info /he/hermann-helmholtz.html (685 words)

	HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August_31, 1821 – September_8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist.
		Helmholtz was the son of the Potsdam Gymnasium headmaster, Ferdinand Helmholtz, who had studied classical philology and philosophy, and who was a close friend of the publisher and philosopher Immanuel_Hermann_Fichte.
		Helmholtz had predicted E-M radiation from Maxwell's_equations, and the wave_equation now carries his name.
	www.witwik.com /Hermann_von_Helmholtz (719 words)

	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
		Helmholtz studied medicine at the Friedrich Wilhelm Institute (the so-called Pépinière) in Berlin, committing himself to serving for eight years as a medical officer after his studies.
		Helmholtz writes he “enjoyed the purest and greatest happiness earth can offer, it was too wonderful for this world.” “She died by his side,” her sister wrote (who had been living with Helmholtz since 1852).
		So Helmholtz was a lonesome man long before she died, and the prospects of a future with two small children and their grandmother – who was an old woman despite all devotion and willingness to make sacrifices - were very gloomy.
	www.ptb.de /en/publikationen/blickpunkt/interviews/helmholtz.html (620 words)

	Herman Ludwig Ferdinand Helmholtz
		With this accomplishment he gains the attention of the scientific commity and with the publication of this paper, helmholtz is able to reliquish his position as a military physician.
		Helmholtz remains at the academy for just one year before he is transferred to konigsberg.
		Helmholtz discovered the existance of summation tonnes and the dependence of their presence on the simple tone.
	www.ilt.columbia.edu /projects/bluetelephone/html/hemholtz.html (1313 words)

	Mind, Brain, and the Experimental Psychology of Consciousness
		Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821-1894) was born in Potsdam and educated at the Potsdam Gymnasium and at the Friedrich Wilhelm Medical Institute in Berlin.
		In the theory of color vision, Helmholtz reasoned that just as the differences between sensations of sound and light reflect the specific qualities of auditory and visual nerves, sensations of color may depend on different kinds of nerves within the visual system.
		Experimental psychology, born with Fechner, nurtured by Helmholtz and Donders, was to be raised by Wundt.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /Mind/Consciousness.html (2355 words)

	Hermann von Helmholtz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August 31, 1821 – September 8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist.
		Helmholtz was the son of a gymnasium headmaster, Ferdinand Helmholtz, who had studied classical philology and philosophy, and who was a close friend of the publisher and philosoper Immanuel Hermann Fichte.
		Hermann von Helmholtz and the foundations of Nineteenth century Science, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/hermann_von_helmholtz (604 words)

	Helmholtz Resonators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hermann von Helmholtz introduced the resonators in his 1863 classic, On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music.
		Therefore, Helmholtz claimed, even a person with no ear for music, or an unpracticed ear for detecting pitch, could detect a simple tone from a complex mixture of noises such as a spoken vowel, or the sound of a musical instrument.
		Helmholtz made the distinction between complex sound (musical sounds or vocalizations) and "pure tones" central to his investigations of auditory sensation and perception.
	www.psych.utoronto.ca /museum/helmholtz.htm (397 words)

	hermann von helmholtz and the psychophysics of perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The intent of this essay is two-fold: to both trace the trajectory of Helmholtz's life and the scientific pursuits which lead him into early psychophysical sensory research, and to demonstrate an at least basic, passing knowledge of the physical theorems and processes that formed the basis of his work.
		Helmholtz's journey perhaps did not take him as far afield as Chekhov's medicine-to-literature, but Helmholtz's interests were undeniably widely varied and eclectic within the general scientific field, an expanse of interests ably noted in Foundations (and responsible in part for its massive girth).
		Helmholtz himself recalled that during this time, a well-known physiologist recoiled in annoyance at the invitation of an equally well-known physicist to participate in one of the latter's experiments.
	www.theater2k.com /HermEssay.html (2522 words)

	Classics in Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The characteristic feature of Helmholtz’s approach to the study of sensory processes was his exceptional ability to unite elements from different intellectual disciplines into an integrated, consistent, and innovative structure that served to explain and relate numerous previously unexplained or poorly explained phenomena.
		In the process, Helmholtz devised new instruments for the generation of highly controlled stimuli, performed experiments that were models of proper scientific method, and formulated theories that were to remain influential for generations to come.
		Helmholtz not only developed new instrumentation such as his tuning-fork apparatus and the spherical resonator, he integrated these and earlier instruments into an overall hypothetico-deductive framework that related instrument to theory and theory to phenomenon as mediated by instrumentation.
	www.thoemmes.com /psych/helmholtz_psy.htm (928 words)

	Hermann von Helmholtz, MD (deceased)
		Hermann von Helmholtz was born in Potsdam, Germany.
		To the world, Helmholtz is best known for his doctrine of the conservation of energy, but it was his 1850 invention of the ophthalmoscope that revolutionized ophthalmology.
		Helmholtz’ influence was also felt in acoustics, mathematics, mechanics, electricity, and meteorology, marking him as one of the great scientific minds of the 19th century.
	www.ascrs.org /Awards/Hermann-von-Helmholtz-MD.cfm (189 words)

	Search Results for Helmholtz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Helmholtz was aware of the topological ideas in his paper, particularly the fact that the region outside a vortex tube was multiply connected which led him to consider many-valued potential functions.
		Helmholtz had begun to investigate the properties of non-Euclidean space around the time his interests were turning towards physics in 1867.
		G Heinzmann, Helmholtz and Poincare's considerations on the genesis of geometry, in 1830-1930: a century of geometry (Berlin, 1992), 245-249.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/Search/historysearch.cgi?SUGGESTION=Helmholtz&CONTEXT=1 (2888 words)

	Helmholtz and the Helmholtz Equation
		Hermann Ludwig von Helmholtz was born in 1821, the oldest of 6 children.
		Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, also known as Hermann von Helmholtz, was a German physicist born August 31, 1821 in Potsdam.
		In 1847, Helmholtz then published his first draft of “The conservation of Force.” While not the first person to study conservation of energy, he gave the principal a generalized mathematical form which led to expressions for kinetic and potential energy in mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity, and magnetism.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~csteward (720 words)

	Helmholtz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Known to electrochemists for the formulation of the double charged layer at an electrode/electrolyte interface.
		Helmholtz's Institute of Physics: Am Reichstagufer which was destroyed in the war.
		Helmholtz was concerned solely with the scientific analysis of sound and had no interest in direct musical applications, the theoretical musical ideas were provided by Ferruccio Busoni, the Italian composer and pianists who's influential essay "Sketch of a New Aesthetic of Music" was inspired by accounts of Thaddeus Cahill's 'Telharmonium'.
	www.geocities.com /bioelectrochemistry/helmholtz.htm (3274 words)

	Introductory Note. Hermann von Helmholtz; Translated by Edmund Atkinson. 1909-14. Scientific Papers. The Harvard ...
		Helmholtz early showed mathematical ability, and wished to devote his life to the study of physics; but practical considerations led him to take up medicine, and he became a surgeon in the Prussian army.
		He began the publication of original contributions to science in 1842, and for fifty-two years, till his death in 1894, he continued to produce in an unbroken stream.
		The practice of popular lecturing on scientific subjects was almost unknown in Germany when Helmholtz began, and he did much to give it dignity and to set a standard.
	www.bartleby.com /30/1002.html (277 words)

	Psyography: Biographies on Psychologists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hermann von Helmholtz was born August 31, 1821 in Postsdam, Germany.
		Helmholtz was the eldest of four children and a sickly child that required tutoring at home.
		Hermann was also responsible for the tri-color theory that stated that humans have three visual receptors, which respond to there own colors.
	faculty.frostburg.edu /mbradley/psyography/helmholtz.html (764 words)

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