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	Herman Hollerith - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was an American statistician who developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards to rapidly tabulate statistics from thousands and millions of data.
		Hollerith decided that each census taker could do the same, with the resulting 'card being sorted by a variation of the Jacquard loom; the important aspects of the invention being that the holes were sensed electrically rather than mechanically and that one card held all the information on an individual.
		Hollerith saw that if the numbers could then be punched in specified columns on the cards, the cards could be sorted mechanically, and therefore the appropriate columns totalled.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hermann_Hollerith (843 words)

	Hollerith
		Hermann Hollerith was born in 1860 in New York as the son of Johann-Georg and Franziska Hollerith.
		Hollerith never sold his machine, he only hired it out with the restriction, that he was the only person, who was caring for current entry and maintenance repairs.
		Hollerith said, that his vision for a tabulating machine was inspired by a train conductor punching a train ticket.
	cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at /index.php?id=416 (673 words)

	Herman Hollerith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860-November 17, 1929) was an American business man and the promulgator of the punch card.
		In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company to exploit his invention and in 1924 his firm became part of IBM.
		The Hollerith system was used for the 1911 UK census.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/h/he/herman_hollerith.html (103 words)

	Computer Museum of America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Hermann Hollerith, in an effort to win the United States Census Bureau competition, began experimenting with mechanical tabulation methods, and in 1884 he patented the first "Census Machine."
		Hollerith developed the tabulator in response to the need to expedite and simplify the tabulating of statistical information gathered in the 1890 United States Census.
		Hollerith developed and patented many related devices and in 1896 established the Tabulating Machine Company to manufacture his inventions.
	www.computer-museum.org /main/collections/hollerith.shtml (317 words)

	From the U.S. Constitution to IBM
		The 1890 Census, Hermann Hollerith, and the origins of IBM
		Hollerith thought he could work the details for such a solution but Billings indicated no interest in pursuing the idea further.
		Hollerith first worked on an electro-mechanical paper tape device but problems with the design caused him to abandon this approach (1882).
	www4.wittenberg.edu /academics/mathcomp/bjsdir/history0.shtml (898 words)

	Computer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles Babbage was the first to conceptualize and design a fully programmable computer as early as 1820, but due to a combination of the limits of the technology of the time, limited finance, and an inability to resist tinkering with his design, the device was never actually constructed in his lifetime.
		By the end of the 19th century a number of technologies that would later prove useful in computing had appeared, such as the punch card and the vacuum tube, and large-scale automated data processing using punch cards was performed by tabulating machines designed by Hermann Hollerith.
		During the first half of the 20th century, many scientific computing needs were met by increasingly sophisticated special-purpose analog computers, which used a direct mechanical or electrical model of the problem as a basis for computation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Computer (5023 words)

	Herman Hollerith Tabulating Machine
		Hollerith's machines were also used for censuses in Russia, Austria, Canada, France, Norway, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines, and again in the US census of 1900.
		Between the 1880 and 1890 censuses, Hollerith spent a year (1882) on the Mechanical Engineering faculty at MIT, and then in the mid-1880s worked on railroad braking systems, obtaining several patents for both electromagnetic pneumatic brakes and vacuum operated brakes, as well as for corrugated metal tubing.
		Hollerith, and to grant him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy upon the work which he has performed" and by the subsequent Trustees resolution of 7 April 1890, granting him the degree.
	www.columbia.edu /acis/history/hollerith.html (606 words)

	NewsScan Publishing Inc. - NewsScan Daily Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Today's Honorary Subscriber is Hermann Hollerith (1860-1929), who designed a mechanical tabulating device that was successfully used in the 1890 U.S. census.
		The Hollerith's machine was a huge success, except for the drudgery of keypunch work, which "was not fun for the young women, many of whom, driven to near madness by the monotony of their work, walked out."
		Hollerith himself was lionized, both in the U.S. and throughout the world, and had great success until the 1910 U.S. census, when he fought a bitter battle with rival companies.
	www.newsscan.com /cgi-bin/findit_view?table=honorary_subscriber&id=235 (440 words)

	IBM Cards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Hermann Hollerith adapted the concept for data storage and processing in the 1890 census.
		Hermann Holerith's company, the Tabulating Machine Corporation (TMC) merged with two other companies in 1911 to become the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), which changed its name to International Business Machines (IBM) in 1924.
		Note that in 1890 Herman Hollerith made the size of the data-processsing card (later commonly known as the IBM card) equal to the dollar bill of that time.
	www-db.stanford.edu /pub/voy/museum/pictures/display/2-2-ElecKeyPunch.htm (595 words)

	InfoTech: Notes on an Emperor’s Nakedness
		It is ironic that today’s computer industry has its origins in a data-processing project carried out [by Hermann Hollerith] in 1890 that was completed on time and under budget.
		Modern computerisation projects, in contrast, tend to have far more in common with [Charles] Babbage’s ill-fated attempt to build a mechanical computer, which cost a fortune and was eventually abandoned.
		Perhaps the fact that Hollerith is forgotten, while Babbage is remembered, should not be so surprising after all.
	www.urielw.com /it.htm (2094 words)

	IBM Archives: Tabulating Machine Co. plant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		In 1892 Hermann Hollerith moved his fledgling tabulating machine business from downtown Washington, D.C., to a former cooper's shop in the Georgetown section of the city.
		Three years after this photograph was taken, Hollerith incorporated his business as the Tabulating Machine Company.
		It was consolidated into the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. in 1911, and CTR -- with Thomas J. Watson, Sr., at the helm -- was renamed IBM 13 years later.
	www-03.ibm.com /ibm/history/exhibits/vintage/vintage_4506VV2027.html (105 words)

	Bull History FAQ
		A: No. The punched card processing has been developed by Hermann Hollerith in 1884.
		Hermann Hollerith was at the origin of IBM Business Machines.
		Frederik Bull first patents were related to the preselection of data inside punched cards reader in 1919 (35 years after Hollerith).
	www.feb-patrimoine.com /histoire/english/bull_history_faq.htm (4095 words)

	Lawsuit Says IBM Helped Nazis / Firm called liable for way equipment used
		Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft, as Dehomag is formally known, was founded by Willy Heidinger in 1910 to exploit tabulating technology invented by Hermann Hollerith.
		After that, the suit alleges, Hollerith technology was controlled by Watson and IBM USA.
		Heidinger gave a speech touting the use of Hollerith cards to record "the individual characteristics of every single member of the nation," expressed pride in giving Hitler data that could be used in "corrective interventions," and pledged to "follow his orders blindly."
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/02/11/MN152897.DTL (719 words)

	PACKET RAT
		Any producer who means to capture the truly sweeping nature of the computer revolution has got to go to the man who started it all.
		Tentatively titled “Card Wars,” the saga begins with the exploits of young techno-Jedi Hermann Hollerith as he learns the ways of punch cards from an anthropomorphic rodent.
		But alas, he later turns to the dark side, deleting the first two digits from the year field on his cards and thereby setting up the plot for what will become the story of the year 2000 bug.
	www.gcn.com /print/vol18_no20/170-1.html (562 words)

	:: search assignment ::
		Hermann Hollerith gets his first patent on a Tabulating Machine.
		Hermann Hollerith combines the punched carts principle with his tabulating machine.
		During his life he will build the Mark I, America's first program controlled computer.
	a.parsons.edu /~sachiko/hCw/002/research_assignment_002.html (903 words)

	lect_m1
		One of the first commercial uses of mechanical computers was by the US Census Bureau, which used punch-card equipment designed by Herman Hollerith to tabulate data for the 1890 census.
		In 1911 Hollerith's company merged with a competitor to found the corporation which in 1924 became International Business Machines (IBM)
		Three machines have been promoted at various times as the first electronic computers.
	www.engin.umd.umich.edu /CIS/course.des/cis125/idmitrie/lect_m1.html (883 words)

	The Arithmeum » Past Events » History of Computer - Müller, Babbage, Hollerith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The first rudimentary computers were built by Johann Helfrich Müller who had already used binary numbers in his mechanical calculating machines, and also by Charles Babbage who designed a mechanical computer over a hundred years ago.
		The counting machine of Hermann Hollerith allowed one to implement simple combinations.
		We will together inspect and demonstrate these machines and will also do a mini-census of our own with Hollerith’s machine.
	www.arithmeum.uni-bonn.de /en/events/211 (144 words)

	The Arithmeum » Past Events » Hollerith - Computer memory using punched holes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Computer memory using punched holes — shortly before 1890 the era of modern electronic data processing was inaugurated by Hermann Hollerith’s invention of the first punched card counting machine.
		We will find out how punched cards store data by looking in detail at a reconstruction of Hollerith’s machine.
		Evaluating the data leads us to learn about AND- and OR-switching elements which are still the basis of the logical building blocks of today’s computers.
	www.arithmeum.uni-bonn.de /en/events/128 (129 words)

	A timeline of the USA
		: Hermann Hollerith's tabulator chosen for the national census
		TM, ®, Copyright © 2003 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved.
		: Hollerith's Tabulating Machine Company changes name to International Bussiness Machines (IBM)
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/american.html (10729 words)

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