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Topic: Hermes Communications Technology Satellite

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	Hermes
		Hermes was designed to take three astronauts to orbits of up to 800 km altitude on missions of 30 to 90 days in space.
		Hermes was to have been launched atop an Ariane 5 by 1998, but by 1992 estimated development costs rose to DM 12 billion and the project was cancelled.
		Hermes would have provided independent European manned access to space, and the weight growth of the spacecraft during design and development was a major driver in the specification for the Ariane 5 space launcher.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/hermes.htm (1304 words)

	CTS (Hermes)
		CTS (Communication Technology Satellite) or Hermes was an experimental satellite built to test a new concept for communications satellites; that is, high power in the satellite and small dishes on earth.
		Early communications satellites adapted technology already in use for microwave systems (at 6/4 GHz) and hence were limited to transmitting at low power to avoid interfering with the terrestrial systems already in place.
		A system to stabilize the satellite body in three axis enabled the solar panels to face the sun at all times and ensured that the narrow transmit beams could be kept accurately pointed towards the earth.
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/cts.htm (621 words)

	Satellite Summary
		The general criterion for an object to be a satellite is that the center of mass of the two objects is inside the primary object.
		Communications satellites are artificial satellites stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications using radio at microwave frequencies.
		Weather satellites are satellites that primarily are used to monitor the weather and/or climate of the Earth.
	www.bookrags.com /Satellite (5179 words)

	Applications Development for Education: Using Communications Satellites
		He notes that the success of the adoption of satellite applications by educators was influenced, in large measure, by the field trial process, the role of the DOC Co-ordinators, federal provincial partnerships, and the willingness of the educational community to innovate.
		Nine communities were connected through audio conferencing, using the Hermes Satellite in tandem with Anik A. The experiment incorporated a community development and participation component in that there was considerable skills sharing, cultural exchange, and consensus building on issues of issues of mutual concern.
		Because the provinces, not the federal government, are responsible for education, the federal Department of Communications worked in concert with the provinces in the development and utilization of satellite technology for education.
	cade.athabascau.ca /vol8.1/08_kerr.html (2307 words)

	Satellite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Gravity pulls the satellite closer to the object it orbits but the satellite is perpendicular to that pull so quickly that satellite continually avoids colliding with the primary
		The motion of the satellite its primary gravitational source is known as freefall.
		I recently took a Satellite Communications course at the university I attend and this was the textbook.
	www.freeglossary.com /Satellite (892 words)

	ipedia.com: Satellite Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Gravity pulls the satellite closer to the primary object it orbits, but the satellite is moving perpendicular to that pull so quickly that the satellite continually avoids colliding with the primary object.
		The general criterion for an object to be a satellite is that the center of mass of the two objects is inside the other object.
		All masses that are part of the solar system, including the Earth, are satellites of the Sun, or satellites of those objects, such as the Moon.
	www.ipedia.com /satellite.html (648 words)

	Online Journal of Space Communication:
		The Communications Technology Satellite, named Hermes in January 1976, after the Greek god of science and eloquence, was the first satellite to operate at 14/12 GHz.
		In July 1979, the Hermes satellite was moved from 116∞W longitude to 142∞W to permit trials of 14/12 GHz satellite communications to be conducted in Australia.
		The experimental nature of the Hermes satellite, the time sharing with the U.S.A. and the large number of Canadian experiments conducted limited the extent to which the need for a new service and its economic could be evaluated.
	satjournal.tcom.ohiou.edu /issue4/historal_hermes.html (1214 words)

	Hermes Communications Technology Satellite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hermes Communications Technology Satellite was an experimental high-power direct broadcast communications satellite which was also known as the CTS or simply as the Hermes.
		Unlike most communications satellites of the period, who had spin stabilized bodies covered with solar cells, the Hermes CTS was three-axis stabilized and had its solar panels spread out on two huge "wings".
		The satellite was meant to test the practical aspects of a high powered satellite using large antennas beaming television signals directly to homes equipped with small antennas, and two-way communications with mobile stations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hermes_Communications_Technology_Satellite (374 words)

	Satellite Provider
		Hermes Communications Technology Satellite - The Hermes Communications Technology Satellite was an experimental high-power direct broadcast communications satellite which was also known as the CTS or simply as the Hermes.
		Satellite Business Systems - Satellite Business Systems, abbreviated as SBS, was a company founded by IBM, Aetna, Comsat (and later purchased by MCI), that provided private professional satellite communications through its SBS fleet of FSS geosynchronous satellites, and was the first company to do so.
		Today, communications satellites provide services that those first viewers would hardly have been able to imagine: hundreds of television channels that broadcast directly to three-foot dishes; crystal-clear reception of the same radio station from coast to coast; table-top, laptop, satellite provider and handheld personal computers; e-mail satellite provider and instant messaging that truly are instant.
	www.westernwiregroup.com /satelliteprovider.html (822 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: Satellites
		Satellites that detect and observe different characteristics and features of the Earth's atmosphere, lands, and oceans are often referred to as environmental satellites.
		This satellite is helping researchers to determine the impact of floods along the coast and to detect blooms of harmful algae (dinoflagellates) that can contaminate shellfish and kill other fish and marine mammals.
		Satellite imagery is also being used to map features in the water, such as coral reefs.
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /technology/tools/satellites/satellites.html (956 words)

	Hermes
		Hermes was an experimental satellite built to test a new concept for communications satellites; that is, high power in the satellite and small dishes on earth.
		Communications Minister Flora MacDonald referred to the Hermes satellite as "one of the most important milestones in Canadian space history" when she loaned the award for engineering achievement to the National Museum of Science and Technology.
		Hermes was the first satellite to operate in remote areas by people with no technical training.
	www.friendsofcrc.ca /Projects/Hermes/hermes.html (1937 words)

	Pioneering Technology at Shirleys Bay \| CRC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Feasibility of mobile communications for military use with U.S. satellites operating in the UHF band for land, sea and air vehicles is demonstrated.
		Its purpose is to improve communications for Canadians living in remote areas and CRC uses it to further develop the applications of high-power satellites.
		The Department of Communications and NASA win an Emmy Award for their role in developing the Ku-band technology of the Hermes satellite.
	www.crc.ca /en/html/crc/home/mediadesk/milestones (2265 words)

	chapter 6
		Telstar was the first satellite to use a traveling-wave-tube amplifier; transistor technology at the time was not capable of the three watts of power output at the required microwave frequencies.
		The election of President Kennedy ushered in a new policy on satellite communications that was openly antagonistic to monopolies, particularly to the extension of ATandT's monopoly in terrestrial communications to space communications.
		NASA began developing medium-altitude satellite systems and issued a request for proposals on 4 January 1961 for an experimental communications satellite to be known as Relay.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4217/ch6.htm (6416 words)

	CSA - A short history of David Florida Laboratory
		The Communications Technology Satellite, renamed HERMES, was a joint effort between Canada, which supplied the satellite and the United States, which supplied the high-power traveling wave tube amplifier and launch services.
		While demonstrating new communications capabilities and services, the HERMES Program would advance Canadian industrial expertise in the design and manufacture of satellites and satellite subsystems.
		HERMES was successfully launched on January 17, 1976, aboard a three-stage, Delta 2916 rocket.
	www.space.gc.ca /asc/eng/dfl/history.asp (302 words)

	UK - Local Conditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Communication with a Red Funnel Ferry via transponder during the demonstration is also being considered.
		The position data is generally derived from a GPS receiver interfaced directly to the satellite communications equipment and thus the accuracy of position data is generally of the order of 100 metres.
		Data fusion and communications are being given specific attention as they are critical for exchange of reliable contingency planning data and the evolution of a European standard.
	hermes.civil.auth.gr /poseidon/uk_local.html (5655 words)

	HERMES PARTNERSHIP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The HERMES Partnership, named after the son of Zeus who is delivering the messages of the Olympian gods, is a network of leading independent telecom research centres in Europe.
		It is a European centre of excellence with a strong focus on wireless communications, including cellular systems, high speed local area networks, satellite and HAPS communications and positioning.
		The HERMES Partnership offers services including: inter-disciplinary contract research, technology watch, specialized training courses on emerging technologies, provision of evaluation infrastructure and technological consulting.
	www.hermes-europe.com (111 words)

	Army Technology - Watchkeeper Tactical UAV System
		Boeing was selected as a team member to support UK and US interoperability and to play a role in technology and upgrades during the life of the Watchkeeper programme.
		In 2003, the Elbit Hermes 450 system was accepted by the US Naval Air Station Fallon Joint UAV Test and Evaluation Centre in Nevada for joint interoperability trials.
		The Watchkeeper UAV will be connected by satellite datalink to a network of containerised Ground Control Stations, where the imagery will be analysed and disseminated.
	www.army-technology.com /projects/watchkeeper (910 words)

	Launching the Communications Technology Satellite - Launching the Digital Age: Canadian Satellites - CBC Archives
		The "Communications Technology Satellite" was sent into orbit today, ushering in a brave new era in Canadian communications.
		• The "Communications Technology Satellite" was renamed Hermes, after the Greek god of science and inventions, on May 21, 1976.
		It is on display in Ottawa at the National Museum of Science and Technology.
	archives.cbc.ca /IDC-1-75-92-433/science_technology/satellites/clip7 (243 words)

	NASA Experimental Communications Satellites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The large solar panels on the Communications Technology Satellite (CTS) indicate a high powered spacecraft.
		The project started out with the name "Cooperative Applications Satellite C" and was a joint effort between the Canadian Department of Communications and NASA.
		With more power transmitted by the satellite, it was possible to use smaller and cheaper ground stations thus paving the way for applications such as direct broadcast television.
	roland.lerc.nasa.gov /~dglover/sat/cts.html (191 words)

	Satellite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Look up satellite in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
		While Canada was the third country to build a satellite which was launched into Space, it was launched aboard a U.S. rocket from a U.S. spaceport.
		This page was last modified 05:54, 31 December 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Satellite (2969 words)

	Wake Up, Americans!
		Its purpose was both to diminish them as competitors and to assert the primacy of the United States as the globe's hegemonic power.
		O'Neil predicts government action on "potential threats that were simmering before Tuesday and on which the heat may now be turned up, especially in view of Senator Lott's comment about civil liberties at risk in time of war.
		Those include," he said, "possible revival of the 'classified leaks' bill, renewed interest in installing Carnivore-like devices and maybe a new round of Clipper Chip," the encryption technology for digital telephones developed secretly with a "back door" key by the National Security Agency in 1993.
	www.hermes-press.com /blowback.htm (2438 words)

	A Guide to the Development Communications Archive, 1960-1994.
		Reports, papers and publications on the general subject of communications technology in development.
		Educational technology, educational communication, communication and motivation, and transfer of technology, in English and Spanish
		Assorted Materials on education and development in Brazil, with emphasis on uses of communication technologies.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /taro/utcah/00261/cah-00261.html (3379 words)

	NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This three-axis stabilized satellite was designed as a test vehicle to carry communications-related equipment.
		The purpose of its launch into an equatorial, earth-synchronous orbit was -- (1) to demonstrate new technology, (2) to conduct communications technological experiments, and (3) to develop new communications methodology in conjunction with ground-based components.
		A more complete description may be found in the 'NASA-GSFC Mission Operation Plan, section 1,' and in the Mission Operation Report.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=1976-004A (147 words)

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