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Topic: Heterobranchia

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Orthogastropoda

Opisthobranchia

Gastropoda

Mollusca

Pulmonata

Clione

Achatinidae

Monophyletic

Mollusc

Caenogastropoda

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	Heterobranchia
		Heterobranchia (= different-gilled snails) is a superorder of mollusks in the class of the gastropods.
		The families included in this recently established superorder of mollusks (G. Haszprunar, 1985) have made a long evolutionary journey through the class of the gastropods.
		Earlier authors (as J.E. Gray, 1840) put the Heterobranchia as a borderline case bewteen de Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata on the one hand, and the other gastropods on the other hand.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/heterobranchia (266 words)

	Encyclopedia: Heterobranchia
		Subclass Subclass Eogastropoda Patellogastropoda Subclass Orthogastropoda Superorder Cocculiniformia Superorder Hot Vent Taxa Neomphaolida Superorder Vetigastropoda Superorder Neritaemorphi Neritopsina Superorder Caenogastropoda Architaenioglossa Sorbeoconcha Superorder Heterobranchia Heterostropha Opisthobranchia Pulmonata The gastropods, or univalves, are the largest and most successful class of mollusks, with 60,000-75,000 species, and second largest class...
		Superorders Cocculiniformia Hot Vent taxa Vetigastropoda Neritaemorphi Caenogastropoda Heterobranchia In their work, which has become a standard reference in the field, Ponder and Lindberg (1997) showed that the Orthogastropoda is one of two subclasses of the Gastropoda the class of molluscs, the other subclass being the Eogastropoda.
		Superorder Heterobranchia J.E. Gray, 1840 John Edward Gray (February 12, 1800 - March 7, 1875) was a British zoologist.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Heterobranchia (957 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The Heterostropha (=Heterobranchia) were traced to the Early Carboniferous.
		A general review of the geological history of the subclass Heterostropha (=Heterobranchia) in the class Gastropoda of the Mollusca during their Paleozoic and Mesozoic evolution is given.
		In the family Mathildidae the genera Mathilda and Promathilda are differentiated, two species of Turrithilda described, and Tirolthilda and Schroederilda are included as new genera.
	www.geowiss.uni-hamburg.de /i-geolo/Palaeontologie/Forschung/heterostropha.htm (1277 words)

	Invertebrate Zoology - Molluscs - snails, clams, sea-slugs and relatives
		Within the orthogastropods there are four main monophyletic groups (clades) [Vetigastropoda, Neritopsina, Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia (Haszprunar 1985b, 1988; includes the pulmonates and opisthobranchs)] have, to a large extent, been identified in recent molecular and morphological studies, including our investigations.
		The positions of the hot-vent Neomphaloidea and the deepsea limpets of the Cocculinoidea are the only groups that were not well resolved in our analysis, mainly because of a lack of adequate data on ultrastructure.
		Important findings include the conclusion that the very large clades Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia (includes the pulmonate land snails and slugs), and the Opisthobranchia - (the seaslugs and their relatives)- are both paedomorphic and that the release from the constraints of ancestral adult morphologies played a major part in the evolution of these groups.
	www.austmus.gov.au /invertebrates/mal/ponder_classific2.htm (386 words)

	Journal of Paleontology: NEW EMSIAN (LATE EARLY DEVONIAN) GASTROPODS FROM LIMESTONE MOUNTAIN, MEDFRA B-4 QUADRANGLE, ...
		However, as shown by Fryda and Blodgett (2001a), heterostrophy in the Heterobranchia and Archaeogastropoda (Porcellioidea) is not homologous.
		In members of the Heterobranchia, the timing of the change of the coiling manner (from sinistral to dextral or vice versa) is always connected with the ontogenetic stage when the true larval shell (protoconch II) terminates and the teleoconch starts to form.
		In contrast to the Heterobranchia, the change of coiling manner in the Porcellioidea occurs during early teleoconch ontogeny.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200401/ai_n9368195/pg_5 (1071 words)

	Heterobranchia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Earlier authors (as (Click link for more info and facts about J.E. Gray) J.E. Gray, 1840) put the Heterobranchia as a borderline case between de Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata on the one hand, and the other gastropods on the other hand.
		This order contains most land snails and slugs and many freshwater snails.
		Superorder Heterobranchia (Click link for more info and facts about J.E. Gray) J.E. Gray, 1840
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/H/He/Heterobranchia.htm (407 words)

	..::treeBASE::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Partial sequences spanning approximately 450 base pairs near the 5' end of the 18S rDNA gene confirmed the monophyly of Apogastropoda and its two subclades, the Caenogastropoda (including Neogastropoda and Architaenioglossa) and the Heterobranchia, but were incapable of resolving relationships among neogastropod families, or between Neogastropoda and higher Caenogastropoda.
		The monophyly of Heterobranchia is additionally supported by the presence within this group of a large insert of variable length in the 18S rDNA gene in the region corresponding to the E-10-1 helix of the RNA molecule.
		Cytochrome c oxidase I sequences were able to resolve fully the relationships among representatives of ten families of Neogastropoda.
	www.phylo.org /treebase/view/view_study.php?studyID=S440 (350 words)

	Heterobranchia Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Looking For heterobranchia - Find heterobranchia and more at Lycos Search.
		Find heterobranchia - Your relevant result is a click away!
		Look for heterobranchia - Find heterobranchia at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Heterobranchia (384 words)

	Heterobranchia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Pulmonata Heterobranchia (= los caracoles diferente-con aletas) es un superorder de moluscos en la clase de los gastrópodos.
		Autores anteriores (como J.E. Gray, 1840) pusieron de frontera el caso del Heterobranchia como entre de Opisthobranchia y Pulmonata en la una mano, y los otros gastrópodos por otra parte.
		English version: Heterobranchia Next: Liberar Por siempre Up
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/he/Heterobranchia.htm (319 words)

	Publications
		Wise, John B. Morphology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Certain Pyramidellid Taxa (Heterobranchia).
		Wise, John B. Reassignment of Henrya morrisoni Bartsch, 1947 from the Family Aclididae to the Ebalidae (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia).
		Woollacott, Robert M. Structure and Swimming Behavior of the Larva of Halichondria melanadocia (Porifera: Demospongiae).
	www.sms.si.edu /publications.htm (10643 words)

	CV R.Bieler - Gastropod Phylogeny and Systematics (Lower Heterobranchs)
		Eyeballs and pitfalls: estimating the degree of heterostrophy in the heterobranch shell (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia).
		Marine Valvatoidea -- comments on anatomy and systematics with description of a new species from Florida (Heterobranchia: Cornirostridae).
		Bieler, R. Mathildidae from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia).
	fm1.fieldmuseum.org /aa/Files/bieler/lowhet.html (368 words)

	Schander Home Page
		Nofroni, I and Schander C. "Description of Three New Species of Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from West Africa" Notiziario CISMA.
		Schander, C. "Pyramidellidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) of the Faeroe Islands" Sarsia 80 55-65.
		Schander, C. Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Pyramidellidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia).
	www.whoi.edu /science/B/aplacophora/C.schander.html (676 words)

	Cachia, Ch. et. al., The Marine Mollusca of the Maltese Islands, Part 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		These comprise some 120 species, found living in a variety of habitats.
		Next the sub-class Heterobranchia is dealt with, represented by 3 superfamilies within the order Heterostropha.
		There is also an addendum to Part 2, an extensive bibliography, and the book is concluded with a general index.
	www.euronet.nl /users/backhuys/marmo3.htm (158 words)

	GastroClass: Gastropod Classification
		Infraclass APOGASTROPODA Salvini-Pläwen and Haszprunar, 1987 {CAENOGASTROPODA to HETEROBRANCHIA fide Harasewych and al 1997}
		Acteonoidea d'Orbigny, 1835 {and ?1842; allied with Heterobranchia by Mikkelsen, 1996}
		The Heterobranchia: a new concept of the phylogeny of the higher Gastropoda.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /research-curation/projects/gastroclass (6717 words)

	WCM 2001 Schedule
		Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia developed their larval shell (protoconch II) beginning at least from the Early Devonian.
		Heterostrophy is defined as a condition of the protoconch where its whorls appear to be coiled in a direction opposite to those of the teleoconch.
		Haszprunar G. The Heterobranchia - a new concept of the phylogeny of the higher Gastropoda.
	www.univie.ac.at /WCM2001/abstractsf2k.htm (18510 words)

	Overview of the Conservation of Australian Marine Invertebrates
		Gastropoda have traditionally been divided into three subclasses, the Prosobranchia, Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia, but this classification has now been substantially revised (Ponder and Lindberg 1997) with the following groups (rank unassigned) currently recognised: Patellogastropoda (true limpets);
		Vetigastropoda (top shells, abalones, turban shells, keyhole limpets, slit shells etc.), Neritopsina (nerites), Caenogastropoda (many of the marine snails, including periwinkles, whelks, cowries, cones, balers, etc.) and Heterobranchia (land snails and slugs, seaslugs etc.).
		These groups comprise most of the “prosobranch” gastropods, although a few “prosobranchs” are now included in the Heterobranchia, which also encompasses the opisthobranchs and pulmonates.
	www.austmus.gov.au /invertebrates/marine_overview/chapt2ai.html (1273 words)

	Genstyle Companion Database Browser
		Eukaryota Metazoa Mollusca Gastropoda Orthogastropoda Apogastropoda Heterobranchia Euthyneura Opisthobranchia Nudibranchia Doridina Eudoridoidea Archidorididae Archidoris
		Eukaryota Metazoa Mollusca Gastropoda Orthogastropoda Apogastropoda Heterobranchia Euthyneura Opisthobranchia Anaspidea Akeroidea Akeridae Akera
		Eukaryota Metazoa Mollusca Gastropoda Orthogastropoda Apogastropoda Heterobranchia Euthyneura Opisthobranchia Architectibranchia Ringiculoidea Bullinidae Bullina
	genstyle.imed.jussieu.fr /affichage_esp.php?cherche=Heterobranchia (701 words)

	Contents of Volume 111 (1998): The Nautilus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		BIELER and P. Ammonicera in Florida: notes on the smallest living gastropod in the United States and comments on other species of Omalogyridae (Heterobranchia): 1–12
		Morphology and systematic position of Rissoella caribaea Rehder, 1943 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Rissoellidae): 13–21
		The molluscan funa of the Wawa River region, Miskito Coast, Nicaragua: ecology, biogeographical implications, and descriptions of new taxa: 22–44
	www.shellmuseum.org /Nautilus/nautilus_contents_111.html (162 words)

	John Wise
		Wise, J.B. Anatomy and functional morphology of the feeding structures of the ectoparasitic gastropod Boonea impressa (Pyramidellidae).
		Wise, J.B. Reassignment of Henyra morrisoni Bartsch, 1947 from the Family Aclididae to the Ebalidae (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia).
		Wise, J.B. Anatomy of Boonea jadisi (Olsson and McGinty, 1958), (Heterobranchia: Pyramidellidae) from the western Atlantic, including a comparison of other species assigned to the genus.
	www.hmns.org /exhibits/curators/john_wise.asp (1195 words)

	SUBCLASS: OPISTHOBRANCHIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Pyramidelloidea [Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Allogastropoda]; Vaught, 1989: 62; Pacaud and Le Renard, 1995: 171
		Pyramidellinae [Gastropoda, Heterobranchia Allogastropoda,Pyramidelloidea, Pyramidellidae]; Vaught, 1989: 62; Pacaud and Le Renard, 1995: 171
		Odostomiinae [Gastropoda, Heterobranchia Allogastropoda,Pyramidelloidea, Pyramidellidae]; Vaught, 1989: 63; Pacaud and Le Renard, 1995: 171
	www.seaslug.com /Millard.html (6683 words)

	Bulletin No.38
		The twisted visceral nerve loop is one of the manifest results of gastropod torsion.
		This condition is restricted to gastropods and is shared at least by all archaeogastropods and other "prosobranchs." The contrasting state is, however, found in Heterobranchia as untwisted configuration of visceral loop which is caused by "detorsion" and/or several other secondary modifications (Brace, 1977; Schmekel, 1985; Haszprunar, 1988 b: Mikkelsen, 1996).
		In archaeogastropods, Streptoneury occurs regardless of shell form and size, as is shown in purely symmetrical patellogastropod limpets.
	www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp /publish_db/Bulletin/no38/no38010.html (13895 words)

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