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	Hemiptera -- Suborder Heteroptera
		The name Heteroptera, derived from the Greek "hetero-" meaning different and "ptera" meaning wings, refers to the fact that the texture of the front wings is different near the base (leathery) than at the apex (membranous).
		Members of the suborder Heteroptera are known as "true bugs".
		The Heteroptera include a diverse assemblage of insects that have become adapted to a broad range of habitats -- terrestrial, aquatic and semi-aquatic.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /course/ent425/compendium/hetero~1.html (654 words)

	Heteroptera :: Hemiptera : RSS Feeds : Gourt
		Heteroptera is a group of about 40,000 species of insects (also called true bugs) in the order Hemiptera.
		The word "Heteroptera" is Greek for different wings: most species have forewings with both membranous and hardened portions (called hemelytra); members of the primitive infraorder Enicocephalomorpha have wings that are completely membranous.
		The name Heteroptera is used in two very different ways in modern classifications; it commonly appears as a suborder within Hemiptera, but also as a rankless (non-Linnaean) but monophyletic grouping of infraorders within the suborder Prosorrhyncha of the order Hemiptera.
	science.gourt.com /Biology/Flora-and-Fauna/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Heteroptera.html (819 words)

	Plant Bug :: Planetary Biodiversity Inventory
		True bugs (Heteroptera) are among the largest groups of insects with gradual metamorphosis, and are exceeded in species numbers only by the truly immense groups with complete metamorphosis such as beetles, flies, butterflies, and bees and their relatives.
		Heteroptera: An Overview of the Classification and Morphology
		Heteroptera are unequivocally diagnosed by their possession of 1-4 pairs of scent glands located in, and opening between, abdominal terga 3-7 in the nymphs.
	research.amnh.org /pbi/bugs/true_bugs.html (2423 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		In contrast to other Hemiptera, the Heteroptera include insects which feed not only on sap and other plant material, but also on the haemocoel (the liquid that is equivalent to blood in mammals) of insects and other small arthropods, as well as other animal sources including the blood of mammals and birds.
		The Heteroptera can be split broadly into 5 different groups--the truly aquatic group, the water surface group and three groups of terrestrial bugs.
		A number Heteroptera, particularly the shield bugs, are renowned for parental care--at least one of the adults will remain with the nymphs, sometimes all they way through the life cycle.
	www.fathom.com /feature/122472 (2914 words)

	Heteroptera (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Heteroptera (also called true bugs) is a suborder of hemiptera.
		The name 'heteroptera' comes from their forewing s having both membranous and hard portions.
		Schwerpunkte: Großschmetterlinge (Lepidoptera: Macrolepidoptera), Schweiz, Ungarn und Jamaica, aber auch andere Gruppen (z.B. Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Heteroptera
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Heteroptera.html (270 words)

	Heteroptera Chapter: Assessment of species diversity in the Montane Cordillera Ecozone (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vancouver, B.C. The Heteroptera fauna of the Montane Cordillera currently is estimated to consist of 235 genera and 611 species in 38 families.
		Species with a Cordilleran distribution dominate the Heteroptera fauna of the ecozone constituting 31.7% of the species, with the Nearctic element almost as abundant with 30.4% of the fauna.
		A few of the rare Heteroptera are associated with other habitats that are endangered in the South Okanagan Basin ecosection, namely alkaline lakes and alkaline lake margins.
	www.naturewatch.ca /eman/reports/publications/99_montane/heterop/intro.html (421 words)

	Heteroptera Bibliographies/NCState-AgNIC
		Marine Heteroptera of the eastern tropical Pacific (Gelastocoridae, Gerridae, Mesorelliidae, Saldidae, Veliidae).
		Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palearctic Region.
		Cagatay, N. Studies of the taxonomy of Oxycareninae (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) and the morphology of male genitalia of Turkey.
	www.lib.ncsu.edu /agnic/sys_entomology/ncstate/heteroptera.html (1252 words)

	True Bugs
		Heteroptera have sucking mouthparts encased in a labium (lip) or rostrum (beak or proboscis) that is used to guide the mouthparts to the food source or prey.
		Many bugs are sap-suckers, using their mouth parts to pierce the outer surface of plant tissue to gain access to the phloem (tubes for transporting nutrients) of the plant.
		The most recognisable plant feeding Heteroptera are the stink bugs of the family Pentatomidae.
	www.amonline.net.au /factSheets/true_bugs.htm (1166 words)

	FNZ 50 - Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue - Abstract
		The Heteroptera, or true bugs, are the largest and most diverse group of hemimetabolous insects.
		They are a highly adaptable group that has managed to occupy most terrestrial as well as many aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, and to adopt remarkably diverse life habits, on nearly all continents and most islands.
		Heteroptera have not been recorded from the Antipodes Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, and Snares Islands.
	www.landcareresearch.co.nz /research/biodiversity/invertebratesprog/faunaofnz/Extracts/FNZ50/fnz50abs.asp (660 words)

	Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology - Development, survival and reproduction of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is an important biological control agent found in South and Central America (Thomas, 1992) mostly in the Neotropical area (De Clercq, 2000) in many cultures (Michel, 1994; Medeiros et al., 2000).
		Cohen, A. (1996), Plant feeding by predatory Heteroptera: evolutionary and adaptational aspects of trophic switching.
		Thomas, D. Taxonomic synopsis of the Asopinae Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132006000400013&lng=es&nrm=.pf&tlng=en (2348 words)

	Plant Host Literature Cited
		Ahmad, I. A revision of the superfamilies Coreoidea and Penttaomoidea [sic] (Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha) from Pakistan, Azad Kashmir, and Bangladesh.
		Linnavuori, R. Pentatomidae and Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera) of Nigeria and the Ivory Coast, with remarks on species of the adjacent countries in West and Central Africa.
		Stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of the Island of Hispaniola, with seven new species from the Dominican Republic.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /ndsu/rider/Pentatomoidea/Hosts/plant_records_litcited.htm (2485 words)

	Heteroptera Collection (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Heteroptera collection and staff are located on the fifth floor, East Wing, NMNH, Washington, D.C. The associated library includes 300 volumes and 70 linear feet of reprints.
		In 1898, O. Heidemann was employed by the USDA to study the systematics of the Heteroptera.
		Current and future major areas of research include phylogenetic analyses of the mirid subfamilies Deraeocorinae, Isometopinae, Orthotylinae and the New World tribe Ceratocapsini; monographs of the mirid subfamily Isometopinae of the Western Hemisphere and the Nabidae of North America; and a manual of the Miridae of eastern North America.
	www.sel.barc.usda.gov /selhome/natl_coll/heterop_coll.html (219 words)

	Gordon's Hemiptera Page
		Traditionally they are divided into two groups the Heteroptera and the Homoptera (Sternorrhyncha, and Auchenorrhyncha) based basically on wing stucture but now they are the order is divided into three suborders, Sternorrhyncha, Auchenorrhyncha and Heteroptera with the Auchenorrhyncha now belived to be more closely related to the Heteroptera than the Sternorrhyncha.
		All the Homopterans and many of the Heteropterans feed on plant juices, though many of the Heteroptera are predatory and some are useful as controllers of plant pests.
		Heteroptera at University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
	www.earthlife.net /insects/hemipter.html (798 words)

	Checklist of the Heteroptera: Heteroptera
		In most adult Heteroptera the wings, which are held flat over the body at rest, comprise a tough, opaque, basal part (the corium) and a thin, transparent or translucent apical membrane in the where the two fore wings overlap.
		Aukema, B. et Rieger, C. Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region, Enicephalomorpa, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Geromorpha and Leptopomorpha Volume 1, p.1-222.
		Miller, N.C.E. The Biology of the Heteroptera., E.W. Classey LTD Hampton Middlesex England, p.1-206.
	www.geocities.com /gabyviskens/heteropt/taxa/heteropt.htm (2870 words)

	The Book Pl@ce: Title Detail (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Inspired by the widespread economic impact of this activity, Heteroptera of Economic Importance presents the most thorough, detailed account of true bugs to date, from the bloodsucking bed bug to the dreaded assassin bug.
		It is the definitive source for biological information not only on true bugs of economic importance, but on the general biology of the major families of Heteroptera as well.Heteroptera of Economic Importance integrates the best of insect-focused and crop-oriented references, synthesizing the biology, behavior, and ecology of the true bugs.
		Heteroptera can be serious crop pests, harmful to humans, or can be valuable as biological control agents.
	www.bookends.co.uk /bookplace/display.asp?K=182674007717007&aub=Ricardo&m=102&dc=323 (393 words)

	Heteroptera (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Heteroptera (also called true bugs) is a suborder of the order Hemiptera.
		The name Heteroptera comes from their forewings having both membranous and hard portions.
		Water bugs are a common name for a number of aquatic insects classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Hemiptera.
	www.abcworld.net /Heteroptera.html (81 words)

	Biodiversity Counts: Dicotomous Keys
		SUBKEY A: Common Families Of Terrestrial Heteroptera (Terrestrial Bugs)
		The upper surface of the pronotum is not convex and its sides look 'pinched' flat, the underside of the last abdominal segment of the female does not have a longitudinal slit
		SUBKEY B: Common Families Of Aquatic and Semiaquatic Heteroptera (Water and Shore Bugs)
	www.amnh.org /learn/biodiversity_counts/ident_help/Text_Keys/heteroptera.htm (703 words)

	list of publications
		Laboratory rearing of the predatory stinkbug Podisus sagitta (Fab.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
		Transport and kinetics of diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen in the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, and its predator Podisus maculiventris.
		Effects of an encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin on Nezara viridula and its predator Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
	users.ugent.be /~padclerc/publications.htm (1050 words)

	Aquatic Heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia
		In the fresh and marine waters of Singapore and Peninsula Malaysia, the most common and widespread insects are the aquatic heteroptera.
		In 1963, C. Fernando and Lanna Cheng produced A guide to the Malayan Water Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with keys to the genera for students at the University of Singapore.
		The paper introduce the family and provide a key to genera, an up-to-date list of species, and information on biology, habitats, and distribution.
	rmbr.nus.edu.sg /aquaticbugs (225 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Insects - Heteroptera and Homoptera
		However we are using the scheme adopted by Henry and Froeschner (1988) for reasons of compatibility with this catalog.
		A general introduction to the Heteroptera (Hemiptera) including a classification to superfamily, some pictures, and links to other sites.
		An introduction to the aquatic Heteroptera with a bibliography.
	www.nearctica.com /nathist/insects/homops.htm (422 words)

	FNZ 35 - Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera) - Introduction
		The Pentatomoidea or shield bugs include several families of generally shield-shaped Heteroptera with a prominent, large, and usually triangular scutellum which reaches to and beyond the apex of the clavus.
		Practically nothing is known of its life history; indeed, very little is known about any Heteroptera of alpine environments in New Zealand.
		Eggs are laid on the undersurface of plant leaves, and nymphs undergo five metamorphoses before becoming adults.
	www.landcareresearch.co.nz /research/biodiversity/invertebratesprog/faunaofnz/extracts/FNZ35/fnz35int.asp (1804 words)

	Bibliography
		New synonymy in the genus Polytes Stal (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae).
		Ellis, H. Hemiptera Heteroptera from Stroud and Knowle districts.
		Bio-ecology of Podisus sagitta (Fab.) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) as predator of lepidopterous larvae.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /ndsu/rider/Pentatomoidea/Bibliography/bibliography_e.htm (2679 words)

	Essig Museum of Entomology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While his collection forms the backbone of our Heteroptera holdings, and the strengths discussed under his collection, such as those in Cimicidae, Polyctenidae, Aradidae and others hold, there are many other strong points to this collection, as well.
		Altogther the Heteroptera occupies 24 cabinets, 23 of them containing pinned material and one with alcohol-preserved specimens (including approximately 10,000 Cimicidae, mostly identified to species).
		We are currently recurating the pinned Heteroptera, and recording our species inventory on a data base.
	essig.berkeley.edu /collection/heterop.htm (258 words)

	Suborder Heteroptera - True Bugs - BugGuide.Net
		The suborder Heteroptera is divided into 7 Infraorders (see ITIS or TOL).
		Infraorder Gerromorpha includes semiaquatic bugs in 8 families worldwide (see TOL) and 6 families in North America: Gerridae, Hebridae, Hydrometridae, Macroveliidae, Mesoveliidae, and Veliidae (Paraphyrnoveliidae occurs only in southern Africa, and Hermatobatidae occurs in the Indian and Pacific Oceans).
		These bugs have tiny wingcovers at the sides of their backs and lack the wingcover suture of a beetle running down the middle of the back.
	bugguide.net /node/view/94266 (943 words)

	Hemiptera
		Szelegiewicz, H. Autapomophous wing characters in the recent subgroups of Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera) and their significance in the interpretation of the paleozoic members of the group.
		Homology and function in the wings of Heteroptera.
		Zrzavy, J. Morphogenesis of antennal exoskeleton in Heteroptera (Insecta): From phylogenetic to ontogenic pattern.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Hemiptera&contgroup=Hemipteroid_Assemblage (811 words)

	The Squash Bug, Anasa Tristis (Heteroptera: Coreidae): A Potential Greenhouse Pest of Beit Alpha Cucumber
		The squash bug, Anasa tristis (DeGeer) (Heteroptera: Coreidae), is considered an important pest of cucurbits in open fields in the U.S. (Bonjour and Fargo, 1989; Cook and Neal, 1999).
		Feeding Behavior of Larvae of Anasa tristis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) on Pumpkin and Cucumber.
		Anasa tristis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) Development, Survival, and Egg Distribution on Beit Alpha Cucumber and as a Prey for Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Geocoris punctipes (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae).
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /HS233 (892 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: True Bugs
		True Bugs belong in the insect Order Heteroptera.
		Blatchley, W. Heteroptera or True Bugs of Eastern North America, with Special Refence to the Faunas of Indiana and Florida.
		Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States.
	www.si.edu /Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/truebugs.htm (589 words)

	Publications: Dr. Jeffrey R. Aldrich, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research ...
		Aldrich, J. and Cantelo, W. Suppression of Colorado potato beetle infestation by pheromone-mediated augmentation of the predatory spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris(Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
		Sant'Ana, J., Bruni, R., Abdul-Baki, A. A., and Aldrich, J. Pheromone-induced movement of nymphs of the predator, Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
		Behavioral correlates for minor volatile compounds from stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
	www.ba.ars.usda.gov /psi/caib/aldrichpubs.html (1234 words)

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