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| | [No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10) |
 | | Akio Miyake, Federico Buonanno, Piero Saltalamacchia, Miyuki Eiraku Masaki, and Hideo Lio; Chemical defence by means of extrusive cortical granules in the heterotrich ciliate Climacostomum virens. |
 | | Note : The heterotrich ciliate Climacostomum virens has colourless cortical granules morphologically similar to pigmentocysts (extrusive pigment granules) in the two coloured heterotrichs, Blepharisma japonicum and Stentor coeruleus, in which toxic pigments in pigmentocysts are used for chemical defence against pedators. |
 | | The function of chemical defence in extrusomes of heterotrich ciliates is, therefore, independent of pigmentation. |
| www.nies.go.jp /chiiki1/protoz/refere/id4999/4908.htm (126 words) |
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