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Topic: Heterozygote

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Homozygote

Population genetics

	Heterozygote - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An organism is a heterozygote or heterozygous for a gene or trait if it has different alleles at the gene's locus for each homologous chromosome.
		Heterozygosity refers to the state of being a heterozygote, but in population genetics, it commonly refers to the fraction of individuals in a population that are heterozygous for that locus.
		If the test is sensitive enough, the heterozygote has the phenotype of both parents: when a person who is homozygous for the A blood type gene marries a person who is homozygous for the B blood type gene, they produce heterozygous children who express both A and B antibodies (see, co-dominance).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heterozygote (451 words)

	Heterozygote advantage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A heterozygote advantage (heterozygous advantage or overdominance) describes the case in which the heterozygote genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygote dominant or homozygote recessive genotype.
		A well-established case of heterozygote advantage is that of the gene involved in sickle cell anaemia.
		The homozygote wild type was perfectly healthy, but did not possess the improved viability of the heterozygote, and was thus at a disadvantage compared to the heterozygote in survival and reproduction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heterozygote_advantage (1443 words)

	Heterozygote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Heterozygote cells are diploid or polyploid and have different alleles at a locus (position) on homologous chromosomes.
		When a human is referred to as a heterozygote, or being heterozygous for a specific gene, it means that he or she carries two different versions of that gene on the two corresponding chromosome s.
		The colour of Mendel's peas are often indicated as PP for the dominant homozygote pink flower and pp for the recessive homozygote white flower.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Heterozygote.html (337 words)

	BookRags: Heterozygote Advantage Summary
		Heterozygote advantage is the superior fitness often seen in hybrids, the cross between two dissimilar parents.
		Heterozygote advantage also refers more narrowly to superior fitness of an organism that is heterozygous for a particular gene, usually one governing a disease.
		Similar to sickle cell disease, the disorder is fatal at an early age and the heterozygotes are resistant to malaria.
	www.bookrags.com /sciences/genetics/heterozygote-advantage-gen-02.html (1167 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Effect of human leukocyte antigen heterozygosity on infectious disease outcome: The need ...
		Although population heterozygote advantage and allele-specific overdominance are different [10], reports of population heterozygote advantage have frequently been interpreted as confirmations of the Doherty-Zinkernagel hypothesis of allele-specific overdominance.
		Population heterozygote advantage (fl) may be observed even when resistance is not overdominant, but only dominant, additive, recessive or only underdominant, as long as allele frequencies are sufficiently far toward the lower right of the parameter space (high diversity of resistant alleles and low diversity of susceptible alleles).
		Specifically, population heterozygote advantage may be observed when resistance is additive (heterozygotes have risks equal to the average of the risks of the corresponding homozygotes), when resistance is recessive, or even when it is underdominant (heterozygotes have higher risk of disease than either corresponding homozygote).
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2350/4/2 (5257 words)

	gangliosides: heterozygous immune-alterations
		In other words, mutations in these enzymes are not extraordinarily uncommon and, given the ganglioside/immunity findings in recent years, heterozygote status for such a mutation may have been causally important in a subgroup of children within the autism-spectrum.
		Correspondingly, if a child inherits only one mutated gene for a ganglioside-modifying enzyme, then he or she is considered a "heterozygote" and usually does not develop a traditional gangliosidosis syndrome.
		Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency of beta-hexosaminidase A activity.
	members.jorsm.com /~binstock/gsd-immu.htm (4021 words)

	MCDB 2150 -- Lecture 38
		The total frequency of recessive alles after selection is therefore one half of the frequency of the heterozygote Aa plus one half of two times the frequency of the homozygous recessive aa, divided by the total allelic frequency.
		The heterozygotes do not exhibit the recessive sickle cell disease, but are resistant to malaria, and thus form the healthy population that is responsible for most of the reproduction.
		In addition, other factors, such as heterozygote advantage, may increase the fraction of the alleles retained in the population, even under conditions where the basis for the advantage is not fully understood.
	www.colorado.edu /MCDB/MCDB2150Fall/notes99/99L38.html (2515 words)

	Heterozygote definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Heterozygote: A person possessing two different forms of a particular gene, one inherited from each parent.
		For example, a woman who is a heterozygote for cystic fibrosis (CF) carries the CF gene on one of her chromosomes number 7 and the normal paired (non-CF) gene at the same position on her other chromosome 7.
		A manifesting heterozygote is a person who manifests signs or symptoms of what is usually a recessive condition and ordinarily only is evident in someone who has two copies of the gene.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3747 (159 words)

	Modelling the effects of memetic taboos on genetic homosexuality
		There is some evidence for cholera resistance in cystic fibrosis heterozygotes (Gabriel et al 1994), and for ochratoxin resistance in phenylketonuria heterozygotes (Woolf 1986).
		The models for heterozygote advantage and sex-specific advantage (the latter not explicitly discussed here, but see Ruse 1981; Gallup and Suarez 1983; Dickemann M 1995; Miller 2000) require a fairly extreme set of parameters in order for them to be able to sustain high levels of homosexuality in populations.
		Furthermore, it is clear that although heterozygote advantage can (at least theoretically) sustain levels of homosexuality, and female-specific selection is even capable of increasing it, both of these mechanisms are unstable and vulnerable to sudden fluctuations in taboo (but not to frequency-dependent taboos).
	cfpm.org /jom-emit/2001/vol4/gatherer_d.html (5123 words)

	Pregap4 - Pregap4-Modules-Heterozygote Scanner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Heterozygote mutations are detected by examining the chromatogram for double overlapping peaks.
		The default parameters have been chosen to maximise heterozygote detection and at the same time, minimise the number of false positives reported.
		The amount of half-peak alignment deviation allowable is specified in bases by this parameter, usually as a fraction of one base.
	staden.sourceforge.net /manual/pregap4_unix_38.html (463 words)

	DJO \| Digital Journal of Ophthalmology
		In the family with ROM1 and RHO mutations, single heterozygotes with the RHO mutation all manifested RP, while a single heterozygote for the ROM1 mutation was normal.
		In Family 1 (Fig.1), there were three double heterozygotes for RDS and ROM1 mutations (ages 21, 43 and 73 at most recent examinations), one single heterozygote for the RDS mutation (age 44), and a single heterozygote for the ROM1 mutation (age 17).
		Patient II-1, a double heterozygote, and her sibling II-2, who is heterozygous for the RDS mutation, had normal ocular examinations, normal visual acuity, and normal ERGs at the ages of 20 and 21 years respectively.
	www.djo.harvard.edu /site.php?url=/physicians/oa/368 (2533 words)

	heterozygote
		heterozygote An individual with non-identical alleles for a particular gene or genes.
		...markers of proliferation (ie, Ki-67 or bromodeoxyuridine) at estrus was significantly increased in the mammary glands of TgfÃ1 C57/bl/129SV heterozygote mice.
		One could argue that in the heterozygote there are more than enough transporters to fill a vesicle.
	www.mongabay.com /igapo/biotech/heterozygote.html (158 words)

	MCDB 2150 -- Lecture 20
		If one allele is completely dominant over the other, the phenotype of the heterozygote will be the same as the dominant homozygous phenotype, with the alternative phenotype occurring only in individuals who are homozygous for the recessive allele.
		Thus, when two heterozygotes are crossed, the ratio of progeny with the dominant phenotype (AA, Aa, aA) to progeny with the recessive phenotype (aa) is 3:1.
		heterozygote, a test cross is a back cross with its recessive parental strain.
	www.colorado.edu /MCDB/MCDB2150Fall/notes00/L0020.html (2596 words)

	Heterozygote - Microsatellites show mutational bias and heterozygote instability
		Heterozygote deficiencies in small lacustrine populations of brook
		Substantial heterozygote superiority in fitness was found at the R/r locus for In order to determine how much of the variation in heterozygote frequency
		For the heterozygote genotype to have an advantage, the relative fitness of the At equilibrium for heterozygote advantage, the change in allele
	listsky.com /litk/heterozygote.htm (234 words)

	HETEROZYGOTE
		"HETEROZYGOTE" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time.
		"HETEROZYGOTE" is used about 7 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English.
		Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/He/Heterozygote.html (394 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - heterozygote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "heterozygote" at HighBeam.
		Evidence for selection against heterozygotes: post-settlement excess of allozyme homozygosity in a cohort of the Chilean oyster, Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1845.
		Failure to support the right-shift theory's hypothesis of a `heterozygote advantage' for cognitive abilities.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-heterozy.asp (140 words)

	Heterozygote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When a human is referred to as a heterozygote, or being heterozygous for a specific gene, it means that he or she carries two different versions of that gene on the two corresponding chromosomes.
		When these are crossed, the F1 or second generation will beheterozygote for the colour of the flower and this will be indicated with Pp.
		Some traits are neither dominant nor recessive but are intermediary: the red carnation crossed with a white carnation willgive you heterozygote pink carnations.
	www.therfcc.org /heterozygote-67105.html (289 words)

	Cystic fibrosis: Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders
		It is believed that having one copy of the CF gene is enough to prevent the full effects of cholera infection, while not enough to cause the symptoms of CF.
		This so-called "heterozygote advantage" is seen in some other genetic disorders, including sickle-cell anemia.
		The most severe effects of cystic fibrosis are seen in two body systems: the gastrointestinal (digestive) system and the respiratory tract, from the nose to the lungs.
	health.enotes.com /genetic-disorders-encyclopedia/cystic-fibrosis (4154 words)

	Early Effect of Inbreeding as Revealed by Microsatellite Analyses on Ostrea edulis Larvae -- Bierne et al. 148 (4): ...
		Heterozygote excesses are present at all loci for cross C1 because
		The magnitude of heterozygote deficiencies in wild populations
		, A., and L., 1985 Larval viability and heterozygote deficiency in populations of marine bivalves: evidence from pair matings of mussels.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/148/4/1893 (6221 words)

	Learn more about Heterozygote in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Learn more about Heterozygote in the online encyclopedia.
		Hint: Play with putting spaces before and after your words to see the different results you get.
		When these are crossed, the F1 or second generation will be heterzygote for the colour of the flower and this will be indicated with Pp.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /h/he/heterozygote.html (202 words)

	Heterozygote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When a human is referred to as heterozygote or being heterozygous for a specific gene it means that he or she two different versions of that gene on the two corresponding chromosomes.
		When these are the F1 or second generation will be for the colour of the flower and will be indicated with Pp.
		Some traits are neither dominant nor recessive are intermediary: the red carnation crossed with white carnation will give you heterozygote pink
	www.freeglossary.com /Heterozygous (288 words)

	Search for the pathogenesis of the differing phenotype in two compound heterozygote Hungarian brothers with the same ...
		Search for the pathogenesis of the differing phenotype in two compound heterozygote Hungarian brothers with the same genotypic triosephosphate isomerase deficiency -- Hollán et al.
		Search for the pathogenesis of the differing phenotype in two compound heterozygote Hungarian brothers with the same genotypic triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
		heterozygote brother and to those from normal controls.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/19/10362 (3142 words)

	CEQ™ 8800 Automated Heterozygote Detection
		From automated heterozygote detection, trimming and sequencing alignment to a new generation of quality values, the CEQ makes analysis fast and easy.
		Heterozygotes are automatically detected and identified using the standard IUB nomenclature.
		By automatically generating call scores and quality values for every base, you can quickly evaluate the validity of the data being generated.
	www.beckman.com /products/specifications/geneticanalysis/ceq/ceq8800_heterozygote_app_stat.asp?pf=1 (113 words)

	Heterozygote Encyclopedia Article @ FolkArtMuseum.com (Folk Art Museum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Heterozygote Encyclopedia Article @ FolkArtMuseum.com (Folk Art Museum)
		This page contains quite a lot of relevant information about Heterozygote.
		"Heterozygote" results in these other popular encyclopedia sites:
	www.folkartmuseum.com /encyclopedia/Heterozygote (489 words)

	Profound Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency Resulting from a Novel Compound Heterozygote Genotype -- Johnson et ...
		A mutation in the GT 5' splicing recognition sequence of intron
		A schematic map of the human DPD gene (with exons 1 to 23 represented by solid numbered boxes) is shown with the locations of the mutations characterized in this study.
		A heterozygote genotype for the DPYD2A or DPYD13 mutations was shown to result in decreased DPD enzyme activity.
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/8/3/768 (3785 words)

	Passive smoking and lung function in {alpha}1-antitrypsin heterozygote schoolchildren -- Corbo et al. 58 (3): 237 -- ...
		Passive smoking and lung function in {alpha}1-antitrypsin heterozygote schoolchildren -- Corbo et al.
		Results: Sixty one subjects (6.1%) were found to be Pi heterozygotes.
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in {alpha}1-antitrypsin PI MZ heterozygotes: a meta-analysis
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/58/3/237 (377 words)

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