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Topic: Heterozygous

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	CIGNA - OSMED, Heterozygous
		Heterozygous OSMED (oto-spondyl-megaepiphyseal dysplasia) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by skeletal malformations resulting in shortening of the upper limbs and thighs and short stature (rhizomelic dwarfism).
		Heterozygous OSMED is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
		Heterozygous glycine substation in the COL11A2 gene in the original patient with Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome demonstrates its identity with heterozygous OSMED (nonocular Stickler syndrome).
	www.cigna.com /healthinfo/nord1175.html (2356 words)

	eMedicine - Hypercholesterolemia, Familial : Article by Elena Citkowitz
		In patients with heterozygous FH, half the LDL receptors are normal and half are rendered ineffective by the mutation.
		The diagnosis of both homozygous and heterozygous FH is based primarily on the finding of severe LDLc elevations in the absence of secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia with triglyceride levels that are within the reference range or mildly elevated and HDL cholesterol (HDLc) levels that are within the reference range or slightly low.
		Treatment for heterozygous FH In patients with heterozygous FH, lifestyle modification should always be instituted but is unlikely to result in acceptable LDLc levels; therefore, cholesterol-lowering medication (usually more than one) is necessary.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1072.htm (6867 words)

	Genomics\|HuGENet\|Reviews\|Monogenic heterozygous FH prevalence\|PubMed ID: 15321837
		The clinical phenotype of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by increased plasma levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, tendinous xanthomata, and premature symptoms of coronary heart disease.
		As shown in Table 4, the frequency of heterozygous FH is considerably higher than 1/500 in some populations, and the elevated frequency is generally attributed to a founder effect.
		Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is associated with increased coronary heart disease and premature death.
	www.cdc.gov /genomics/hugenet/reviews/FHCauses.htm (5420 words)

	The Snake Keeper - Dan & Colette Sutherland
		, 25% of the offspring are heterozygous for albino and heterozygous for axanthic a
		axax, 12.5% of the offspring are axanthic heterozygous for albino a
		aaxax, 6.25% of the offspring are albino, 12.5% of the offspring are albino heterozygous axanthic aaax
	ballpython.com /page.php?topic=genetically3 (318 words)

	Atherosclerosis in perlecan heterozygous mice -- Vikramadithyan et al. 45 (10): 1806 -- Journal of Lipid Research
		mice and heterozygous perlecan mice in the heterozygous LDL
		apoE0 mice and 359 ± 114 mg/dl for apoE0/perlecan heterozygous
		and heterozygous perlecan-deficient mice in the LDL receptor
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/45/10/1806 (3106 words)

	heterozygous
		Upon detection of a heterozygous elution pattern in DHPLC analysis, DNA sequencing reaction was performed to identify the nucleotide variations.
		The patientâs unaffected father was a heterozygous carrier of the E255X mutation, whereas the unaffected mother was a heterozygous carrier of the Q272X...
		However, heterozygous and homozygous mice show an elevated incidence of chromosomal aberration and various types of malignancy, revealing that Mus81 is a...
	www.mongabay.com /igapo/biotech/heterozygous.html (874 words)

	Evolution - A-Z - Heterozygous advantage (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Heterozygous advantage describes the case in which the heterozygote is fitter than both homozygotes.
		Heterozygous advantage is one of several controversial explanations for the existance of genetic variability in natural populations.
		The classic example of heterozygous advantage is sickle cell anemia where humans who are homozygotic for sickle shaped cells (pictured opposite) suffer from a near lethal condition.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /ridley/a-z/Heterozygous_advantage.asp (84 words)

	Heterozygote Summary
		The term heterozygous refers to the situation where a specific gene is represented by two differing forms or alelles within the diploid nucleus.
		An organism is a heterozygote or heterozygous for a gene or trait if it has different alleles at the gene's locus for each homologous chromosome.
		Heterozygosity refers to the state of being a heterozygote, but in population genetics, it commonly refers to the fraction of individuals in a population that are heterozygous for that locus.
	www.bookrags.com /Heterozygote (1579 words)

	Genetics
		Basically "heterozygous" means that they have an unmatched set of a given gene - one normal and one mutant.
		Ball pythons that are heterozygous for the Pastel Jungle mutation (have one copy of the Pastel Jungle gene and one normal copy of the gene at that location) have the original Pastel Jungle appearance.
		For example, with recessive, heterozygous animals look normal - with co-dominant, heterozygous animals are not normal but are different from homozygous animals - with completely dominant, both heterozygous and homozygous animals look the same (not normal).
	home.comcast.net /~snakemorphs/genetics.htm (1517 words)

	Dr. Norton's Articles - Part 12 Gold Marble
		I had some gold marbles that I knew were heterozygous for marble because they had one parent that was marble and one parent that did not have marble.
		All heterozygous (for marble) gold marbles that I have tested (by crossing them with gold), had marble on one chromosome and gold on the other chromosome of the pair.
		Although the markings are jet fl, as in a gold marble, the fl pattern of this heterozygous marble is as extensive as that of a gold marble that is homozygous for marble.
	theangelfishsociety.org /articles/norton/dr_norton(12).htm (1415 words)

	Self
		The F1 generation offspring are always heterozygous for the traits studied because they receive one dominant allele from the homozygous dominant parent and one recessive allele from the homozygous recessive parent.
		The male is heterozygous for coat color and whisker length and the female is homozygous recessive for both characteristics.
		The male is heterozygous for coat color and whisker length and the female is homozygous dominant for coat color but heterozygous for whisker length.
	homepages.ius.edu /GKIRCHNE/Mendel.htm (2725 words)

	The Genetics of PKU (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Heterozygous is the biological term for a person that has one dominant gene for a trait and one recessive gene.
		The heterozygous father's genotype is displayed on the left, and the heterozygous mother is on the top of the diagram.
		For example, working out the Punnett square of a heterozygous parent (P p) with a homozygous recessive PKU parent (p p) shows that there is a 50% chance of having a heterozygous child, and a 50% chance of having a PKU child.
	www.ess.sunysb.edu /tracy/genetics.html (733 words)

	Partial Uncoupling of the Mitochondrial Membrane by a Heterozygous Null Mutation in the Gene Encoding the gamma - or ...
		Partial Uncoupling of the Mitochondrial Membrane by a Heterozygous Null Mutation in the Gene Encoding the gamma - or delta -Subunit of the Yeast Mitochondrial ATPase -- Xiao et al.
		to the heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding
		isolated from the yeast strains that are heterozygous for a mutation
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/275/10/6963 (593 words)

	Mendel's Laws Study Guide
		Heterozygous individuals have two of the same alleles for a particular gene.
		The father listed in the pedigree is most likely heterozygous for the trait.
		An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce many offspring that are
	webpages.charter.net /adpaskowitz/studyguides/mendel_study_guide.htm (557 words)

	Monique Bluegger Breeding Information
		Seven of the 22 or 32% were heterozygous for dominant white as expressed on chick down.
		In order to determine if the males are heterozygous white, I will have to wait and see if they start developing red or gold in their hackles and pyle regions.
		The males should be heterozygous for blue egg color and are heterozygous for pea comb.
	home.earthlink.net /~100chickens/id36.html (317 words)

	Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health \| Full text \| Heterozygous beta-thalassaemia as a susceptibility ...
		The results are consistent with the hypothesis that heterozygous β-thalassaemia might play a role as a susceptibility factor in bipolar spectrum disorders in specific populations.
		We subsequently surveyed G6PD deficiency and heterozygous β-thalassaemia as phenotypic markers to be used in linkage studies [4].
		Whatever the mechanism, the relevance of heterozygous β-thalassaemia as a susceptibility factor in mood disorder can be inferred from two recently published studies from India [19] and Greece [20].
	www.cpementalhealth.com /content/1/1/6 (2426 words)

	(AW) AIDS Immunology: HIV Progression Slower in Kids Heterozygous for Mutant Gene
		Heterozygous adults - who got the gene from only one parent - tend to have a slower loss of CD4 cells and lower viral burdens resulting in a two-fold lower risk of AIDS (see AIDS Weekly Plus, January 20, 1997).
		Heterozygous children in the French study, however, appeared to do even better than adults.
		"The incidence of stage C symptoms in heterozygous infected children was 9 percent at 36 months versus 28 percent in children homozygous for the normal allele (P<0.004)," Misrahi et al.
	www.aegis.com /pubs/aidswkly/1998/AW980202.html (754 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Resistance to Scrapie in Prp Arr/arq Heterozygous Sheep Is Not Caused by Preferential ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Citation: Caplazi, P., Orourke, K.I., Baszler, T.V. Resistance to scrapie in prp arr/arq heterozygous sheep is not caused by preferential allelic usage.
		Heterozygous sheep are also protected although the mechanism for disease resistance is not known.
		In this study, the investigators examine the hypothesis that resistance in heterozygous sheep is due to down-regulation of mRNA encoding the glutamine171 allele in the presence of mRNA encoding the arginine171 allele.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=159009 (351 words)

	Odds
		When breeding heterozygous to heterozygous animals or even heterozygous to homozygous it's important to remember that the percentages shown in the Punnet's square diagrams are the odds for each egg, not a guarantee of what you will get in any particular 4 or 16 egg clutch.
		Each egg from a heterozygous X heterozygous breeding has a 25% chance of being homozygous and is independent from the 25% chance of the other eggs in the clutch.
		The above chart is for heterozygous X heterozygous as in your chance of producing a recessive albino from crossing two heterozygous albinos.
	home.comcast.net /~snakemorphs/odds.htm (1015 words)

	Basic Principles of Genetics: Glossary of Terms
		an individual who is heterozygous for a trait that only shows up in the phenotype of those who are homozygous recessive.
		Individuals who are heterozygous for a trait are referred to as heterozygotes.
		the situation in which a heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype that is intermediate between those resulting from the homozygous genotypes.
	anthro.palomar.edu /mendel/glossary.htm (2846 words)

	Heterozygous
		Although this risk is unavoidable, the family can be helped to deal with the problem through sympathetic and sensitive support and careful education regarding appropriate care.
		"Heterozygous" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 97.73% of the time.
		"Heterozygous" is used about 44 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.com /definition/english/he/heterozygous.html (454 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		The terms homozygous, heterozygous and hemizygous are used to simplify the description of the genotype of a diploid organism at a single genetic locus.
		An organism is a heterozygote or is heterozygous at a locus or gene when it has different alleles occupying the gene's position in each of the homologous chromosomes.
		In population genetics, it is commonly extended to refer to the population as a whole, i.e.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=heterozygous (786 words)

	Modest Neuropsychological Deficits Caused by Reduced Noradrenaline Metabolism in Mice Heterozygous for a Mutated ...
		heterozygous mutants was ~40% of the wild-type activity because of the gene dosage
		The wild-type and heterozygous mutant mice were tested 1 and 24 hr after conditioning for freezing in the presence of a continuous sound for 1 min.
		28 and 155 ± 13% of baseline for the wild-type and heterozygous
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/6/2418 (6101 words)

	Phenotype of a Homozygous CADASIL Patient in Comparison to 9 Age-Matched Heterozygous Patients With the Same R133C ...
		The individual test values of the heterozygous patients are indicated by a point.
		The heterozygous patient has both C and T at nucleotide 475 (nt475), whereas the homozygous patient has mutated T in both alleles.
		The confluent white matter hyperintensities in the homozygous patient’s T2-weighted MRI (a) correspond to the most severe grade D, whereas the changes in the heterozygous reference patient No. 3 (b) of the same age were less severe (moderate=grade C).
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/8/1767 (3924 words)

	Primary defects in the lens underlie complex anterior segment abnormalities of the Pax6 heterozygous eye -- Collinson ...
		The distribution of heterozygous cells in the lens epithelium of high-percentage chimeras at E12.5 was nonrandom; the remaining
		Heterozygous cells are not underrepresented in the iris (I) or corneal epithelium (E) of chimeras
		Heterozygous cells contributed well to the ciliary body, iris, corneal epithelium, and all layers of the retina in adult chimeras
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/17/9688 (4037 words)

	NEJM -- Absence of thrombosis in subjects with heterozygous protein C deficiency
		Autosomal inheritance of heterozygous protein C deficiency was confirmed in them by a detailed study of four families.
		Levels from 55 to 65 percent of normal are consistent with either heterozygous deficiency or the lower end of the distribution of normal values, and were found in 79 of 5422 subjects when the two groups were combined.
		We conclude that heterozygous deficiency of protein C has a prevalence of 1 in 200 to 300, a figure consistent with the known number of homozygous infants recently identified, and that levels consistent with heterozygous deficiency are found in 1 in 60 healthy adults but are not detectably associated with a risk of thrombosis.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/317/16/991 (794 words)

	Genes and Immunity - Abstract of article: Gingival epithelial cells heterozygous for Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms ...
		Gingival epithelial cells heterozygous for Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile are hypo-responsive to Porphyromonas gingivalis
		We obtained two gingival epithelial cell primary cultures from subjects heterozygous for the TLR4 polymorphism Asp299Gly and compared response characteristics with similar cells from patients (four) with the wild-type TLR4 genes.
		The epithelial cells heterozygous for the TLR4 polymorphism Asp299Gly were functionally hypo-responsive, evidenced by differences in BD-2 mRNA expression, mRNA response profile by microarray analysis and by pro-inflammatory and chemokine cytokines at the protein and mRNA level.
	www.nature.com /gene/journal/v7/n3/abs/6364282a.html (411 words)

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