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Topic: Heuristic

Related Topics

Heuristic (computer science)

Representativeness heuristic

Recognition heuristic

How to Solve It

Anchoring and adjustment

A star search algorithm

Availability heuristic

Cognitive bias

Problem solving

George Polya

Greedy algorithm

Behavioral finance

Daniel Kahneman

Genetic algorithm

Framing (economics)

	Heuristic (computer science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Here, a heuristic is a function, h(n) defined on the nodes of a search tree, which serves as an estimate of the cost of the cheapest path from that node to the goal node.
		Heuristics are used by informed search algorithms such as Greedy best-first search and A* to choose the best node to explore.
		Heuristics improve the efficiency of search algorithms by reducing the branching factor from b to a lower constant b', using a cutoff mechanism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heuristic_(computer_science) (659 words)

	Heuristic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is different from an algorithm in that it merely serves as a rule of thumb or guideline, as opposed to an invariant procedure.
		In philosophy, especially in its Continental European kind, the adjective "heuristic" (or the designation "heuristic device") is used when an entity X is there to understand or to find out about some other entity Y, with which X is not identical.
		In computer science, a heuristic is a technique designed to solve a problem that ignores whether the solution is provably correct, but which usually produces a good solution or solves a simpler problem that contains or intersects with the solution of the more complex problem.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /h/he/heuristic.html (806 words)

	Heuristic Evaluation: How-To
		Heuristic evaluation (Nielsen and Molich, 1990; Nielsen 1994) is a usability engineering method for finding the usability problems in a user interface design so that they can be attended to as part of an iterative design process.
		Two further differences between heuristic evaluation sessions and traditional user testing are the willingness of the observer to answer questions from the evaluators during the session and the extent to which the evaluators can be provided with hints on using the interface.
		The benefits from heuristic evaluation are mainly due to the finding of usability problems, though some continuing education benefits may be realized to the extent that the evaluators increase their understanding of usability by comparing their own evaluation reports with those of other evaluators.
	www.useit.com /papers/heuristic/heuristic_evaluation.html (3001 words)

	Encyclopedia: Heuristic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Lexical note: The name of the topic is heuristic (not "heuristics"), a particular technique of directing your attention toward discovery is a heuristic, two or more of these are heuristics, and the adjective for "pertaining to how something is discovered" is heuristic.
		Heuristic evaluation involves having a small set of evaluators examine the interface and judge its compliance with recognized usability principles (the "heuristics").
		A heuristic is not guaranteed always to solve the problem, but often solves it well enough for most uses, and often does so more quickly than a more complete solution would.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Heuristic (617 words)

	jameshom.com \| Usability Methods Toolbox \| Heuristic Evaluation
		Heuristic evaluation is a variation of usability inspection where usability specialists judge whether each element of a user interface follows established usability principles.
		Basically, heuristic evaluation is a fancy name for having a bunch of experts scrutinize the interface and evaluate each element of the interface against a list of commonly accepted principles--heuristics.
		Heuristic evaluation can be used at almost any time during the development cycle, although it's probably best suited to earlier stages, when you don't have anything firm enough to test.
	jthom.best.vwh.net /usability/heuristic.htm (727 words)

	Heuristic Evaluation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A heuristic is a guideline or general principle or rule of thumb that can guide a design decision or be used to critique a decision that has already been made.
		Heuristic evaluation, developed by Jakob Nielsen and Rolf Molich, is a method for structuring the critique of a system using a set of relatively simple and general heuristics.
		Heuristic evaluation is best used as a design time evaluation technique, because it is easier to fix a lot of the usability problems that arise.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /computing/classes/cs4753_94_fall/handouts/heur.eval.html (753 words)

	Usability Evaluation--Heuristic Evaluation
		The major drawback of heuristic evaluation is that evaluators, regardless of their skill and experience, remain surrogate users (expert evaluators who emulate users) and not necessarily typical users of the product.
		Tec-Ed's methodology for performing heuristic evaluations is to create a team of usability specialists who apply their training and experience in human factors to perform independent evaluations of the user experience.
		Heuristic evaluation findings are problems or concerns about the application or service, as well as notes of successful features that shouldn't be changed.
	www.teced.com /ue-he.html (625 words)

	heuristic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Heuristic is about how to steer your attention so that you find things that meet the criteria of logic.
		Principal topics in heuristic include: what search spaces are, methods of navigating a search space (that is, heuristics), and the assumptions that a given heuristic makes about its search space.
		Heuristic relates to nearly every subject of human interest, because nearly everything that's interesting in the world is, in some way or other, a needle in a haystack.
	greenlightwiki.com /heuristic/heuristic (423 words)

	Heuristic Techniques in AV Solutions: An Overview
		Heuristic scanning is similar to signature scanning, except that instead of looking for specific signatures, heuristic scanning looks for certain instructions or commands within a program that are not found in typical application programs.
		As a result, a heuristic engine is able to detect potentially malicious functionality in new, previously unexamined, malicious functionality such as the replication mechanism of a virus, the distribution routine of a worm or the payload of a trojan.
		A heuristic engine based on a weight-based system, which is a quite old styled approach, rates every functionality that is detected with a certain weight according to the degree of danger it may pose.
	www.securityfocus.com /infocus/1542 (2321 words)

	Wikinfo \| Heuristic
		In philosophy, especially in its Continental European kind, the adjective "heuristic" (or the designation "heuristic device") is used when one thing X is there to understand, or find out about, something else Y, with which it is not identical.
		More formally, a heuristic is a function, h(n) defined on the nodes of a search tree, which serves as an estimate of the cost of the cheapest path from that node to the goal node.
		Heuristics improve the efficiency of search algorithms by reducing the branching factor from b to (ideally) a low constant b*.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Heuristic (1061 words)

	Heuristic Evaluation of Groupware
		In the following sections the methodolgy of heuristic evaluation is outlined, the heuristics that are used to evaluate groupware are described, and a study that empirically tests the method is discussed.
		Below is a list of the groupware heuristics with a brief description of the behaviour the heuristic relates to in a face-to-face setting.
		Heuristic Evaluation is a discount usability method that is suitable for evaluating groupware applications.
	pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca /~mcewan/HEG.html (3424 words)

	Heuristic Evaluation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Heuristic evaluation is the most popular of the usability inspection methods.
		The goal of heuristic evaluation is to find the usability problems in the design so that they can be attended to as part of an iterative design process.
		These other methods all have their benefits and are preferred under certain circumstances, but heuristic evaluation is the most general of the usability inspection methods and is also the easiest to learn and apply.
	www.useit.com /papers/heuristic (340 words)

	Facts about topic: (Availability heuristic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One important corollary ((logic) an inference that follows directly from the proof of another proposition) finding to this heuristic is that people asked to imagine an outcome immediately view it as more likely than those that were not.
		In one experiment that occurred before the 1976 US Presidential election (additional info and facts about 1976 US Presidential election), participants were asked simply to imagine Gerald Ford (38th President of the United States; appointed Vice President and succeeded Nixon when Nixon resigned (1913-)) winning the upcoming election.
		Taking advantage of the availability heuristic in reasoning may commit the fallacy of misleading vividness (additional info and facts about misleading vividness).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/av/availability_heuristic.htm (538 words)

	9.7 Heuristic Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Unlike these methods, heuristic search is not concerned with changing the approximate, or "heuristic," value function, but only with making improved action selections given the current value function.
		Heuristic search also suggests ways of selectively distributing backups that may lead to better and faster approximation of the optimal value function.
		Much of the effectiveness of heuristic search is due to its search tree being tightly focused on the states and actions that might immediately follow the current state.
	www.cs.ualberta.ca /~sutton/book/ebook/node101.html (1136 words)

	APPENDIX A-3. Heuristic Guidelines for Expert Critique of a Web Site
		Heuristic usability reviews can be contrasted with evaluations that are conducted for the purposes of assuring compliance with a chosen design style or for verification and validation of site functionality.
		Because heuristic evaluations focus on the user interface design and likely user concerns, it is best if they are conducted by reviewers who are knowledgeable about industry best practices and current thinking in designing for ease of use.
		Heuristic evaluations can be conducted on very early stage prototypes, including paper mockups, as well as later stage electronic prototypes, with or without all of the "back end" functionality implemented.
	irm.cit.nih.gov /itmra/weptest/app_a3.htm (3143 words)

	home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The main goal of heuristic evaluations is to identify any problems associated with the design of user interfaces.
		Heuristic evaluation is less formal as compared to these other methods and is intended as a "discount usability engineering" method [11,13].
		The heuristic evaluation process involves three phases: the orientation, the evaluation process, and the debriefing session.
	pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca /~saul/681/1997/kevin (420 words)

	20th WCP: Between Logic and Heuristic
		Such a heuristic component of calculus is reached with the help of meta-level means.
		Computer Heuristic (computer heuristic method) is a system of rules (a rule) for essential reducing the complete search, i.e.
		More precisely, the aim of proof-search theory can be defined as follows: «discovering, on the basis of a calculus and an entity in the calculus in question of the structure of a possible derivation of this entity, a derivation which is interesting in some respect».
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Logi/LogiKatr.htm (1053 words)

	Heuristic Search Planners
		Heuristic search planners search state space with a heuristic that can be extracted automatically from the problem encoding, and then combined with standard search algorithms.
		A problem we faced was that the relatively newer C version was hard to try better heuristics with, as the competition progressed, even when newer heuristics were easily seen to be feasible in the Lisp version.
		Description by author:HSP is a planner based on the ideas of heuristic search.1Heuristic search algorithms perform forward search from an initial state to a goal state using an heuristic function that provides an estimate of the distance to the goal.
	poseidon.hud.ac.uk /planet/repository/heuristic.html (881 words)

	DirectedCreativity Heuristics
		The heuristic "rules of thumb" for DirectedCreativity in the table below are based on a modern understanding of how the mind works as a adaptive, self-organizing patterning system; as well as on the practical experience of seasoned creative thinkers.
		Nadler and Hibino (1994) give a concrete illustration of this heuristic in their "case of the slippery packing crates." The case involves a national manufacturer of consumer goods that was about to make a multi-million dollar investment in loading dock automation to eliminate the problem of damaged crates.
		While using the heuristics of DirectedCreativity is no guarantee of success, knowing such heuristics shortens the learning curve and raises the chances of success.
	www.directedcreativity.com /pages/Heuristics.html (1538 words)

	Heuristic - Game Theory .net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A heuristic is an aid to learning, casually referred to as a rule of thumb.
		Formally, a heuristic is a mechanism capable of altering its internal model of the environment in reaction to feedback, or payoffs received.
		Heuristics are often employed to learn when problems are too complex to solve explicitly.
	www.gametheory.net /Dictionary/Heuristic.html (90 words)

	Heuristic evaluation [OCLC - OCLC human-computer interaction]
		Heuristic review is a type of expert evaluation, where experts review a product's usability.
		One study indicated that heuristic evaluation found more severe problems than usability testing [1], while the results of another study were that it found only about 20% of the total problems found in a usability evaluation [2].
		Heuristic review is recommended for a product in its early stages, as a quick and inexpensive method of finding major UI problems.
	www.oclc.org /policies/usability/heuristic (409 words)

	Heuristic Scanning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Heuristic scanning is an attempt to put this experience and knowledge into a virus scanner.
		The word 'heuristic' means (according to a Dutch dictionary) 'the self finding' and 'the knowledge to determine something in a methodic way'.
		Heuristics however has the advantage that it is able to supply you with enough information to establish for yourself whether a suspected file is likely a virus or not.
	www.madchat.org /vxdevl/vdat/epheurs1.htm (3657 words)

	Heuristic Evaluation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In order to test the practical applicability of heuristic evaluation, Nielsen and Molich [1990b], conducted four experiments where a number of evaluators were presented with an interface design and asked to comment on it.
		They found that individual evaluators were mostly bad at doing heuristic evaluations and that they only found between 20% and 51% of the usability problems in the interfaces they evaluated.
		Aggregates of evaluators are formed by having several evaluators conduct a heuristic evaluation and then collecting the usability problems found by each of them to form a larger set.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /classes/cs6751_97_winter/Topics/heur-eval (1256 words)

	CS 381K: Heuristic Search: 8 Puzzle
		Heuristic search using the heuristic function h = number of tiles that are not in the correct place (not counting the blank).
		Heuristic search using the heuristic function h = (sum of Manhattan distances) * 2.
		Compare heuristics #7 and #8 in terms of time required and quality of the solution.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/novak/asg-8p.html (733 words)

	heuristic - Wilders Security Forums
		In majority of cases these heuristic detections are submited to ESET and converted to signature based (so the malware gets a real name and instead of heuristic generated).
		Heuristics have been used/developed/hyped probably more than decade and it gives some proof that it's not reliable and not succeed as much as it should be.
		Heuristics are useful but in some cases may generate more false positives.
	www.wilderssecurity.com /showthread.php?p=365055 (1241 words)

	VHPOP: Versatile Heuristic Partial Order Planner
		We present an adaptation of the additive heuristic for plan space planning, and modify it to account for possible reuse of existing actions in a plan.
		We demonstrate that the same heuristic techniques used to boost the performance of classical POCL planning can be effective in domains with durative actions as well.
		The result is a versatile heuristic POCL planner competitive with established CSP-based and heuristic state space planners.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs/project/jair/pub/volume20/younes03a-html (165 words)

	Judgemental Heuristics and Biases:
		Judgemental heuristics are principles or methods by which one makes assessments or judgements of probability simpler.
		An event is judged to be probable to the extent that it represents the essential features of the parent population or of its generating process.
		This heuristic is useful in inductive reasoning because (1) typically instances of large classes are recalled better and faster than instances of small groups, (2) likely events are often easier to imagine, (3) causal connections are repeatable and therefore more likely to be remembered.
	www.nku.edu /~garns/165/pptj_h.html (1185 words)

	Heuristic Evaluation Activities
		Heuristic Evaluation (expert review) is a diagnostic method in which experts take the role of less experienced users and describe the potential problems they see arising in a system or interface for those users.
		It is known as a "discount" method, and was designed for quick turnaround so that the deliverable can be attended to as part of an iterative design process.
		Identify and define the usability principles (heuristics) that you will use to evaluate the user interface system.
	www.stcsig.org /usability/topics/articles/he-activities.html (683 words)

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