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Topic: Hexachlorophene

	Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hexachlorophene is rapidly absorbed and may produce toxic blood levels when applied to skin lesions such as ichthyosis congenita or the dermatitis of Letterer-Siwe's syndrome or other generalized dermatologic conditions.
		Such use of hexachlorophene shall be limited to situations where an alternative preservative has not yet been shown to be as effective or where adequate integrity and stability data for the reformulated product are not yet available.
		Use of hexachlorophene as a preservative at a level higher than 0.1 percent is regarded as a new drug use requiring an approved new drug application, which must be submitted within the time set out in paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~lrd/cf250250.html (1321 words)

	Phisohex Warnings, Precautions, Pregnancy, Nursing, Abuse - Hexachlorophene - RxList Monographs
		Rapid absorption of hexachlorophene may occur with resultant toxic blood levels when preparations containing hexachlorophene are applied to skin lesions such as ichthyosis congenita, the dermatitis of Letterer-Siwe's syndrome, or other generalized dermatological conditions.
		Hexachlorophene should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies potential risk to the fetus.
		Hexachlorophene has been shown to be teratogenic and embryotoxic in rats when given by mouth or instilled into the vagina in large doses.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic2/hexchlorph_wcp.htm (589 words)

	PHISOHEX - hexachlorophene detergent cleanser
		Hexachlorophene was tested in one experiment in rats by oral administration; it had no carcinogenic effect.
		Hexachlorophene was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium and was negative in a dominant lethal assay in male mice.
		The oral LD of hexachlorophene in male rats is 66 mg/kg bw, in females 56 mg/kg bw, and in weanling rats 120 mg/kg bw.
	products.sanofi-aventis.us /phisohex/phisohex.html (1382 words)

	Hexachlorophene and Dial Soap
		Hexachlorophene is an effective anti-bacterial compound that was once used extensively in hospitals and doctors' offices.
		Hexachlorophene is an excellent anti-bacterial agent that is a very effective germ killer, but an unfortunate side-affect is that it also kills humans.
		Talcum powder laced with hexachlorophene was determined to be the cause of death.
	www.soapdance.com /dial.html (319 words)

	NTP: Abstract for TR-40 - Hexachlorophene
		Hexachlorophene is a chlorinated bisphenol which was widely used as an antiseptic prior to 1972.
		A bioassay of hexachlorophene for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to Fischer 344 rats.
		It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, hexachlorophene did not induce malignant or benign tumors in Fischer 344 rats.
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=070324E6-B766-6614-388900AC11FCE65B&printFriendly=true (271 words)

	Hexachlorophene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In medicine, hexachlorophene is very useful as a topical anti-infective, anti-bacterial agent, often used in soaps.
		In 1972, a study by Dr. Cyril Moore and his research assistant, Dr. Wendy Cammar, suggested that hexachlorophene in the liquid cleaner pHisoHex (up to then widely used in newborn nurseries) was toxic to mitochondria, inhibited ATP production in the brain, and resulted in myelin edema.
		Nevertheless, hexachlorophene soap is still not available over the counter today, because once a product has been withdrawn by the FDA, it is virtually impossible for it to be reinstated even after invalidation of the reasons for its removal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hexachlorophene (417 words)

	Acne Treatment Using Hexachlorophene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hexachlorophene is a cream, or ointment, that is applied topically to acne for treatment.
		Acne treatment with hexachlorophene is not something that should be used by a person who is sensitive to sulphur or resorcinol.
		The ointment that is involved in hexachlorophene is usually grease free, and sometimes comes in a flesh-tinted cream.
	www.acne-treatments-that-work.com /acne-treatment-hexachlorophene.html (288 words)

	Hand Hygiene: A Brief Review - continuing education course for nurses, occupational therapists, physical therapists, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hexachlorophene has residual activity for several hours after use and gradually reduces bacterial counts on hands after multiple uses (ie, it has a cumulative effect).
		Infants bathed with hexachlorophene and personnel regularly using a 3% hexachlorophene preparation for handwashing have blood levels of 0.1 to 0.6 ppm hexachlorophene.
		Hexachlorophene should not be used to bathe clients with burns or extensive areas of susceptible, sensitive skin.
	www.nursingceu.com /courses/120/index_nceu.html (4547 words)

	Phenols and Related Compounds - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Repeated exposure of skin to high concentrations of hexachlorophene may lead to sufficient absorption of the antiseptic to cause spongiform degeneration of the white matter in the brain and cause nervous disorders.
		Pine tar is a viscid flish brown liquid, used primarily for antiseptic bandaging of wounds of the hoof and horn.
		PCMX is also combined with hexachlorophene to enhance its antibacterial spectrum and to prevent contamination by gram-negative organisms.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/191807.htm (512 words)

	Hexachlorophene (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 20, 1979) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium and was negative in a dominant lethal assay in male mice.
		The extensive production and use, particularly in germicidal soap, of hexachlorophene over the past several decades indicate that widespread human exposure occurs in both the general and the working environment.
		The available data do not allow an evaluation of the carcinogenicity of hexachlorophene to be made.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol20/hexachlorophene.html (223 words)

	Death Of A Town
		The primary product was hexachlorophene a bactericidal chemical that brings to mind the kind of cleanliness associated with hospital surgical rooms.
		Hexachlorophene was made from trichlorophenol, that have been shown to contain dioxin as a contaminant.
		Dioxin removed from hexachlorophene production, which reached as much as 1 million pounds of hexachlorophene, went into dioxin-containing water, clay and "still bottom"-- a thick, smelly residue that contained highly concentrated dioxin from the processes.
	syngen2.chem.brandeis.edu /~walker/timesbch.html (2826 words)

	Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med -- Abstract: Hexachlorophene lesions in newborn infants, March 1976, Gowdy and Ulsamer 130 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med -- Abstract: Hexachlorophene lesions in newborn infants, March 1976, Gowdy and Ulsamer 130 (3): 247
		Vacuolization of the white matter of the brain is produced by a number of
		vaculoes was found in infants bathed in hexachlorophene at birth compared
	archpedi.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/130/3/247 (97 words)

	TIME.com: Danger in Baby Soap? -- Dec. 20, 1971 -- Page 1
		An antibacterial agent that supposedly helps to prevent offensive odors by inhibiting the growth of the germs that contribute to them, hexachlorophene is a common ingredient of soaps, shampoos, and toothpastes as well as special preparations used to wash newborn babies.
		Although there is no proof that hexachlorophene has harmed humans when used according to directions, the FDA sent a warning last week to 600,000 doctors and health officials, declaring that regular bathing with products containing 3% or more of the chemical may cause brain damage.
		Others observed that hexachlorophene could be absorbed through the skin and that some babies who were washed regularly with it developed concentrations of the chemical.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,878991,00.html (537 words)

	Hexachlorophene
		Hexachlorophene, a detergent cleanser, is an antibacterial sudsing emulsion for topical administration.
		The primary mechanism of action of hexachlorophene, based on studies with Bacillus megatherium, is to inhibit the membrane-bound part of the electron transport chain, respiratory D-lactate dehydrogenase.
		Detectable blood levels of hexachlorophene following absorption through intact skin have been found in subjects who regularly scrubbed with hexachlorophene.
	www.mongabay.com /health/medications/Hexachlorophene.html (314 words)

	Fortified shampoo (Larry Lippman)
		Of course, today, the use of hexachlorophene is taboo, and the use of lanolin is no longer common.
		The hexachlorophene for each batch was so little that it was weighted on a piece of filter paper and then dumped into a 1,000-gallon "oil-phase" mix tank.
		However, no representation was made as to the included quantity of these ingredients; the amount added was large enough so as to be immune from any allegation of misrepresentation, but nevertheless was small enough that no significant cost was added to the product, and that quite frankly no significant benefit could be derived, either.
	yarchive.net /chem/fortified_shampoo.html (977 words)

	Recurring Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus \| CDC EID
		Upon recognition of the outbreak on August 25, team A instituted daily hexachlorophene showers for all players, increased the frequency of cleaning the facilities and athletic gear, disinfected the whirlpool tubs, provided more towels, and posted hand-hygiene signs in the locker room.
		Daily hexachlorophene showers were in use from August 25 to September 19.
		From October 20 to November 9, MRSA SSTI developed in 4 players: a lineman with a chin abscess, a linebacker (player Y from 2002) with an elbow boil, a quarterback (player Z) with folliculitis on a leg, and a tight end with a gluteal boil.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol11no04/04-1094.htm (3477 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Hexachlorophene - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Hexachlorophene: antibacterial substance that is a water-soluble powder used in antiseptic soaps and toothpaste
		Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms.
		It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/hexachlorophene.htm (242 words)

	Ponder
		`Hexachlorophene is a chemical known to be dangerous.
		`Although hexachlorophene was licensed for use in the United States in a 3 per cent solution, scientific tests and evidence on the use of hexachlorophene had revealed:
		If a precautionary approach to hexachlorophene had been adopted, it would not have been used as a germicide for babies [can you believe?].
	www.natureschoice.co.za /ponder.htm (3750 words)

	2Ciii. Predictors for Developmental Windows. (CSIR: Mechanisms and Measurement.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Neonatal hexachlorophene: For example, the hexachlorophene (=Phisohex) washing of hospital premature newborns from roughly 1952 to 1974 was discovered in 1973-4 to be causing a fatal lesion in a statistically significant number of those washed [10-12]; this included a vacuolation of the myelin of the brain.
		This is not to suggest that this identical muscarinic effect would happen with hexachlorophene; but some type of sub-clinical effect that shifts responses to later exposures or stresses may equally have occurred in a borderline-damaged hexachlorophene population, even though they were not obviously (and fatally) damaged.
		Neurotoxicity of hexachlorophene in the human: I. A clinicopathologic study of 248 children.
	www.rowatworks.com /Science/CSIR/2Ciii-DW_Predictors.html (1975 words)

	Phisohex hexachlorophene at discount prices from Canadian Online Pharmacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Do not pour Phisohex (hexachlorophene) into measuring cups, medicine bottles, or similar containers since it may be mistaken for baby formula or other medication.
		Phisohex (hexachlorophene) may cause sensitivity to sunlight or other forms of UV light (such as tanning beds).
		Phisohex (hexachlorophene) is only to be used by the patient for whom it is prescribed.
	www.candrugstore.com /SiteMap/Phisohex_hexachlorophene.htm (805 words)

	Hexachlorophene (CASRN 70-30-4), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		Beagle dogs (4/sex/dose) were fed hexachlorophene at 30, 60, or 120 ppm (0.75, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg/day) in the diet for 13 weeks.
		The principal effects noted were swollen salivary glands, dry mouth, and status spongiosis in the brain, optic nerve, spinal cord and sciatic nerve at all dose levels tested.
		IRIS users may request the references for those studies from the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or (202)566-1676.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0338.htm (851 words)

	Hexachlorophene, sodium salt - toxicity, ecologicial toxicity and regulatory information
		Chemical Identification and Use for Hexachlorophene, sodium salt
		Hexachlorophene, sodium salt is a Phenol or Cresol compound.
		Sorry, no water quality standards or criteria have been established for this chemical by the U.S. or Canadian governments; however, there may be criteria established for related chemicals.
	www.pesticideinfo.org /Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC35113 (830 words)

	phisohex drug information, phisohex side effects
		This medicine is a topical antibacterial used to treat skin infections.
		Phisohex is also used to scrub the skin before surgery to prevent infection.
		Do not apply Phisohex (hexachlorophene) to skin that is burned,...
	www.drugs.com /sch/phisohex (429 words)

	Ster-Zac DC Skin Cleanser
		Hexachlorophene (previously spelt hexachlorophane in the UK) is a chemical with antiseptic properties - it destroys or inhibits the growth of disease-causing bacteria and other micro-organisms.
		Hexachlorophene liquid is commonly used by medical personnel to disinfect their hands before conducting a surgical procedure.
		This medicine should not be applied to the whole body (the solution should not be used to bathe the whole body).
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /medicines/100002464.html (416 words)

	Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Formulas
		Most germicidal soaps contain hexachlorophene as the active ingredient.
		The mass percent composition of hexachlorophene is: C, 38.37%; H, 1.49%; Cl, 52.28%, and O, 7.86%.
		When copper is exposed to moist air, it acquires a greenish colored coating from its reaction with carbon dioxide in the air.
	hargrave.drh.net /academics/science/cpchem2/notes/atoms.html (712 words)

	MLM Law - Lawyer Grimes & Reese PLLC - Attorney Specializing in Multilevel Marketing - FDA/CFSAN Cosmetics 21 CFR ...
		A notice published in the Federal Register of April 4, 1972 (37 FR 6775), invited data on OTC antimicrobial ingredients, including hexachlorophene, for review by an OTC Drug Advisory Review Panel to be convened under the procedures set forth in the Federal Register of May 11, 1972 Page 122 (37 FR 9464).
		Use of hexachlorophene as a preservative at a level higher than 0.1 percent is regarded as a new drug use requiring an approved new drug application, which must be submitted within the time set out in paragraph (c) (4) of this section.
		DESI No. 8940 (36 FR 14510, August 6, 1971), ``Topical Cream Containing Pyrilamine Maleate, Benzocaine, Hexachlorophene, and Cetrimonium Bromide.'' 4.
	www.mlmlaw.com /library/statutes/federal/cf250250.html (1350 words)

	JCE 2002 (79) 1179 [Oct] News from Online: Cleaning Up–Soap, Detergent, and More
		Go to John Blake's site at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks to learn about the widely used hexachlorophene (pHisoHex) that was taken off the market: http://www.uaf.edu/iacuc/training/module_3/3_soap.html.
		Soap with hexachlorophene (pHisoHex) and soap with octyl phenoxyethyl ether sulfonate (pHisoderm) have been produced.
		The work done by Florabel Garcia Mullick, M.D., the first pathologist to link hexachlorophene with the development of brain lesions in humans, is reported at http://www.usmedicine.com/article.cfm?articleID=238andissueID=29.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /Journal/Issues/2002/Oct/abs1179.html (1376 words)

	Hexachlorophene Poisoning
		Hexachlorophene is an antibacterial agent widely used in soaps and antiseptic solutions because of its low toxicity and high bactericidal properties.
		It is used in agriculture as a fungicide on citrus fruits and a number of vegetables.
		This paper will present four deaths related to hexachlorophene exposure, two acute and two chronic.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/5380.htm (157 words)

	rediff.com business special: Tribute to S P Godrej
		When in 1973, the Drugs Controller, contrary to world experience with hexachlorophene, prohibited the manufacture of cosmetics containing this compound, Burjor Godrej wrote a strong letter of protest to the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.
		Godrej filed and won a suit in the Bombay High Court for using hexachlorophene in toilet powder.
		Because of the prohibitive price of hexachlorophene brought about by the unfair action of the US Food and Drug Administration, it could not be used in toilet powder.
	www.rediff.com /business/2000/may/24spg4.htm (849 words)

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