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Topic: Hexane

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Pentacosane

List of alkanes

Pentane

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Undecane

Hexatriacontane

Pentadecane

Heptane

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Conjugate acid

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	Eco-USA: Hexane
		Hexane has generally not been found in most foods or drinking water, so you are not likely to be exposed by eating or drinking.
		Some occupational groups that may be exposed to hexane include refinery workers, shoe and footwear assembly workers, laboratory technicians, workers operating or repairing typesetting and printing machinery, construction workers, carpet layers, carpenters, auto mechanics and gas station employees, workers in plants manufacturing tires or inner tubes, and workers in air transport and air freight operations.
		When rats are exposed to hexane in the air, they show signs of damage to their nervous systems very similar to those seen in people who became ill after workplace exposure.
	www.eco-usa.net /toxics/hexane.shtml (1805 words)

	Hexane \| Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site \| US EPA
		Hexane is used to extract edible oils from seeds and vegetables, as a special-use solvent, and as a cleaning agent.
		The main use of hexane is as a solvent to extract edible oils from seed and vegetable crops (e.g., soybeans, peanuts, corn).
		Hexane is a colorless volatile liquid that is insoluble in water and highly flammable.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/hexane.html (1139 words)

	[No title]
		Hexane is a federal hazardous air pollutant and was identified as a toxic air contaminant in April 1993 under AB 2728.
		Hexane is also used as a solvent, in low temperature thermometers, calibrations, polymerization reaction mediums, as a paint diluent, and as an alcohol denaturant.
		Hexane is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase in the atmosphere due to its relatively high vapor pressure.
	www.scorecard.org /chemical-profiles/html/hexane.html (719 words)

	Products
		Hexane is a chemical solvent that is purified from crude oil.
		Of the millions of pounds of hexane that are produced annually, however, its major use is by the oilseed industry in its extraction of vegetable oils.
		The EPA estimates that in the year 2004 nearly 23 million pounds of hexane were released into the environment by the food industry.
	www.tofurky.com /products/hexane.htm (301 words)

	HHMI Lab Safety: LCSS: HEXANE (AND RELATED HYDROCARBONS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hexane vapor (and the vapor of other volatile hydrocarbons) at high concentrations (>1000 ppm) is a narcotic, and inhalation may result in lightheadedness, giddiness, nausea, and headache.
		Hexane is extremely flammable (NFPA rating = 3), and its vapor can travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and "flash back." Hexane vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 1.1 to 7.5 % (by volume).
		Hexane and other aliphatic hydrocarbons should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" described in Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for dealing with extremely flammable substances (Chapter 5.F).
	www.hhmi.org /about/labsafe/lcss/lcss45.html (550 words)

	FAQs About Hexane Free Processing of Oils and Fats
		Hexane is a highly flammable, gasoline-like solvent commonly used in the extraction of food oils.
		Hexane is by definition, a volatile organic compound (VOC) - a general category of pollutants implicated in the harmful build-up of ozone in the atmosphere.
		Hexane extraction may not be as good for the oil, but it is a cheaper and more economical method than cold expeller-pressing.
	www.healthfromthesun.com /HexaneFreePg.htm (375 words)

	Hexane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hexane isomers are largely unreactive, and are frequently used as an inert solvent in organic reactions because they are very non-polar.
		Hexane is produced by the refining of crude oil.
		The acute toxicity of hexane is relatively low, although it is a mild anesthetic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hexane (408 words)

	CWD Health Shoppe - Hexane Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hexane is a volatile organic compound (VOC) - a general category of pollutants implicated in the harmful build-up of ozone in the atmosphere.
		Hexane has been linked to the production of ozone and air pollution when vented into the atmosphere during the extraction's "flash-off" cycle.
		Because hexane is a source of VOC emissions, the oil seed processing industry faces pressure to control emission losses of hexane.
	www.canadian-wholesale-direct.com /DataSheetHexane.html (311 words)

	38
		Hexane is a hydrocarbon of the paraffin group.
		At high concentrations, hexane is narcotic and states of intoxication may be observed, although these are overcome quickly and without any consequences for health where oxygen or fresh air is provided.
		The solid raw material residues and the miscella are largely stripped of hexane by steam distillation, in which meal (animal feed) and a water-hexane mixture are produced, or where hexane and crude oil are separated out from the miscella.
	ces.iisc.ernet.in /energy/HC270799/HDL/ENV/enven/vol238.htm (3437 words)

	An interesting note about what we are feeding to our Beef, Dairy cattle, swine and poultry.
		Hexane is a petro-chemical that damages and weakens the immune system, and causes birth defects for animals who ingest it.
		Hexane does not let go of that grip on protein unless it is induced to, either by temperature causing its grip to lessen, or another solvent or acid effecting a break of this bond.
		Hexane’s effects are well documented and are neurological symptoms that I noticed in my cattle when feeding them grain meal pellets leftover from Hexane based processing of various whole grains into vegetable oils.
	www.datacruz.com /~baneyred/hebrewman.html (3178 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: USE OF LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE TO REMOVE HEXANE FROM SOYBEAN OIL
		Passing liquid carbon dioxide at 25 C and 1350 psi through a mixture of hexane and soybean oil was found to be very effective at separating the hexane from the soybean oil.
		The hexane may be acting as a co-solvent to increase the solubility of the SBO in the L-CO2.
		Residual hexane decreased as the amount of L-CO2 used increased and the residual hexane was less than 20 ppm with 200 liters CO2.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=157630&pf=1 (562 words)

	EP3 - Pollution Prevention Assessment for an Olive Oil Extraction and Soap Manufacturing Facility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The mixture of hexane and olive oil (called miscella) flows to fill the second tank, overflows, and then fills the third before going to temporary storage to await separation.
		The evaporators use non-contact steam to evaporate the hexane from the mixture.
		Hexane evaporation -- Purchase and install a heat exchanger to pre-heat the miscella with the hot oil exciting the stripper - reduces hexane air emissions; reduces by 95% the volume of hexane contaminated waste water (equivalent to 91,200 kg of hexane and 96,000 cubic meters of water per year.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/10/09355.htm (1646 words)

	Water Added to Burning Hexane
		Water is added to burning hexane in an attempt to extinguish the flame.
		Hexane is poured into a beaker, and ignited.
		The flame is finally extinguished by covering the hexane beaker with a larger beaker.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA5/MAIN/1ORGANIC/ORG01/BURNHEXANE/HEX/MOVIE.HTM (101 words)

	Hexane, n- (EHC 122, 1991)
		The high level of hexane exposure resulted in lipid accumulation in the liver, and, as hexane is highly lipid soluble, this could account for the non-saturability of liver for hexane.
		The toxicity of inhaled hexane, as measured by its lethality, increased with elevation of temperature from 20 °C to 35 °C (Babanov et al., 1988).
		The approximate lethal intraperitoneal doses of hexane were reported to be 530 mg/kg at an environmental temperature of 36 °C, 4000 mg/kg at 8 °C, and 9100 mg/kg at 26 °C in male and female albino Sprague-Dawley rats (Keplinger et al., 1959).
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc122.htm (17530 words)

	Hexane, n- (PIM 368)
		Inhalation of hexane usually causes eye, nose, throat and respiratory irritation, which are rapidly reversible, when exposure is discontinued.
		Commercial hexane may contain from 20 to 85% n-hexane and varied amounts of hexane isomer (2-methylpentane, 3- methylpentane, 2,3-dimenthylbutane), cyclopentane, cyclohexane and small quantities of pentane and heptane isomers, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane and trichloroethylene (ACGIH, 1989; Perbellini, et al., 1980, 1981).
		The lungs of the rats exposed to hexane at different concentrations showed a direct toxic effect on pneumocytes; fatty degeneration, change of alveolar bodies of type II pneumocytes and increased detachment of cells (Schnoy et al., 1982).
	www.inchem.org /documents/pims/chemical/pim368.htm (5578 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: USING LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE TO SEPARATE HEXANE FROM SOYBEAN OIL/HEXANE MIXTURES
		There was no clear relationship between the amount of hexane collected and liters of CO2 and it is hypothesized that this was a result of low collection efficiency for the hexane using the round bottom flask.
		In this case, the hexane may be acting as a co-solvent to increase the solubility of the SBO in the L-CO2.
		The original concentration of hexane (i.e., 25% or 10%) in SBO did not have a signidicant effect on the residual hexane level.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=168037&pf=1 (475 words)

	nHexane [factsheet]
		* Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure to hexane is associated with polyneuropathy in humans, with numbness in the extremities, muscular weakness, blurred vision, headache, and fatigue observed.
		These scores are nonlinear and are the product of two ratings: a rating based on the minimal-effect-dose and a rating based on the type of effect.
		* Hexane is a colorless volatile liquid that is insoluble in water and highly flammable.
	www.lakes-environmental.com /toxic/n-HEXANE.HTML (878 words)

	National Pollutant Inventory Substance Profile
		Hexane evaporates very quickly and so the most common exposure is from breathing air containing hexane.
		In the atmosphere, hexane is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapour phase due to its relatively high vapour pressure.
		Hexane is only slightly soluble in water, but is readily absorbed by the lipid phase (fatty parts) of aquatic organisms, which can result in transport in the environment.
	www.npi.gov.au /database/substance-info/profiles/47.html (1288 words)

	"Natural" Energy Bars, Soy Powders, & Cereals Hexed by Hexane--AToxic Chemical
		In researching this question he discovered that non-organic soy protein isolate is often processed with hexane, a petroleum solvent similar to gasoline.
		Besides being a potential health hazard in food, hexane is a significant greenhouse gas.
		³Hexane is an industrial waste by-product of gasoline production and it¹s use in producing healthy foods seems very strange to me², says Roulac.
	www.organicconsumers.org /Toxic/hexane_health_bar.cfm (516 words)

	Chemistry 110 Experiment 10 - Addenda
		Carefully pour about 0.5 mL of hexane to each of the test tubes containing the halogen solutions (since the hexane is less dense than water it will float on top).
		Please also be careful not to confuse the color of chlorine (which would be yellow, but with a greenish tinge) and the color of bromine (which might be yellowish looking, but with an orange tinge to it).
		Remember, if there is a reaction (i.e., if the final hexane color is different from the halogen you started with), then the halogen is a better oxidizing agent (it takes the electron from the halide ion), and becomes an ion itself; the original halide ion (after the loss of its electron) becomes a halogen.
	www.miracosta.cc.ca.us /home/dlr/110exp10.htm (1043 words)

	n-Hexane, IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		Given the lack of a multigeneration reproductive and developmental studies following exposure to pure n-hexane and the uncertainty associated with low-dose developmental effects of exposure to n-hexane, an UF of 3 was applied.
		In laboratory animals exposed for 2 years via inhalation to a commercial hexane mixture containing n-hexane (0, 900, 3000, 9000 ppm), there was a statistically significant increase in hepatocellular combined adenomas and carcinomas (7/50, 8/50, 9/49, 16/50, respectively) in female B6C3F1 mice (Daughtrey et al., 1999; Biodynamics, 1993a, b).
		Because commercial hexane is a variable mixture of hydrocarbons of which only about 52% is n-hexane, the use of commercial hexane as a toxicological surrogate for the qualitative and quantitative effects of pure n-hexane may be unjustified.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0486.htm (8251 words)

	Solvent N-Hexane Attacks Nerves - Health & Safety, No. 5
		The investigative team included Dr. Kathie Hammond, a faculty member at UC Berkeley and a member of the UAW-GM-Delphi Occupational Health Advisory Board, and Dr. Robert Harrison, a member of the Oversight Committee for a study of UAW members at Boeing-NA Santa Suzana, CA.
		Solvents, glues, spray paints, coatings, silicones, and other products contain normal (n-) hexane, a petroleum distillate and simple aliphatic hydrocarbon.
		N-Hexane is an isomer of hexane and was identified as a peripheral neurotoxin in 1964.
	www.uaw.org /hs/01/05/hs02.html (780 words)

	BioChem Systems
		A strong advantage SolSafe 245 has over Hexane is its slower evaporation rate.
		Hexane has such a fast evaporation rate that you need to reapply solvent to the rag for each application.
		Our estimation is that consumption of SolSafe 245 would be 75% of that of Hexane.
	www.biochemsys.com /c-hexane.html (201 words)

	Hexane -- A Terrible Solvent Used To Make A Terrible Artificial Food -- Cooking Oils and Margarine
		There are deeper issues involving the near-irreversible adduct that the hexane molecule forms with the interior, highly hydrophobic regions of the folded proteins.
		The inevitable daily loss of hexane (by inherent design) into the environment is probably the most severe problem.
		Since hexane is very volatile, flammable and explosive, it is also a simple physical hazard.
	www.karlloren.com /Diabetes/p47.htm (1084 words)

	Information about Hexane
		While Hexane does aid in drying, it can be very dangerous.
		However, if you feel that hexane based products are what you want, you should know the facts.
		Twelve of 15 individuals working with hexane for 12 years were found to have abnormal color discrimination [Grant 1986].
	www.jobe-industries.com /Tireshinexl2000/hexane.htm (3779 words)

	n-Hexane--Related Peripheral Neuropathy Among Automotive Technicians --- California, 1999--2000
		n-Hexane is an isomer of hexane and was identified as a peripheral neurotoxin in 1964 (1).
		This report describes an investigation of n-hexane--associated peripheral neuropathy in an automotive technician, an occupation in which this condition has not been reported, and summarizes the results of two other case investigations in the automotive repair industry.
		This brake cleaner contained 50%--60% hexane (composed of 20%--80% n-hexane), 20%--30% toluene, and 1%--10% each of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone, isopropanol, methanol, and mixed xylenes.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5045a3.htm (1399 words)

	Hexane Price Report - Chemical pricing information - ICIS Pricing
		ICIS pricing's hexane price reports are an essential source of market intelligence, for buyers, sellers, traders and market participants who need to closely monitor the latest hexane developments.
		In the US, hexane spot prices are quoted in the aromatic and aliphatic solvents report.
		The hexane price report is published at the close of business on Friday.
	www.icispricing.com /il_shared/Chemicals/SubPage507.asp (171 words)

	LEL Hexane Gas Detector suits grain processing industry., MSA
		Hexane is used in the grain processing industry to extract oil from soybeans.
		Soy oil readily dissolves into hexane and when the mixture is heated the hexane volatilizes, leaving the soy oil behind.
		Unfortunately, the very properties which make hexane a great solvent for oil extraction add a very hazardous element, as hexane vapors can rapidly reach explosive levels.
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/16101 (976 words)

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