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Topic: Hibernation

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	Hibernation - MSN Encarta
		Hibernation is primarily associated with animals that live in cold climates, but scientists have learned that hibernation occurs in many animals found from the Arctic to the tropics.
		Hibernation is not restricted to endothermic mammals and birds.
		Hibernation is controlled by a set of complex cues that vary greatly from one group of animals to another and are not well understood by scientists.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761552980 (1136 words)

	Hibernation
		Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and lower metabolic rate, to conserve energy, especially during winter.
		Typically, the winter season for the hibernator is characterized by periods of hibernation interrupted by periodic euthermic arousals wherein body temperature is restored to typical values.
		Some species of mammals hibernate while gestating young, which are born shortly after the mother stops hibernating.For a couple of generations during the 20th century it was thought that basking sharks settled to the floor of the North Sea and hibernated.
	www.crystalinks.com /hibernation.html (534 words)

	AllRefer.com - hibernation (Zoology: General) - Encyclopedia
		Hibernating animals are able to store enough food in their bodies to carry them over until food is again obtainable.
		Some insects pass their larval stage in a state of hibernation; in such cases hibernation is closely associated with the reproductive cycle (see larva; pupa).
		Analogous to hibernation is aestivation, a dormant period of escape from heat and drought.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/hibernat.html (360 words)

	Hibernation Guidelines for Turtles and Tortoises
		Hibernation is nature's mechanism to protect its cold-blooded creatures (and some warm-blooded animals as well) in cold weather or when food and water are scarce.
		Body water partitioning in hibernating turtles and tortoises changes in the fall, allowing them to store more water in winter than in summer, so hydration is critical to a successful hibernation.
		If your animal is used to hibernating outdoors, make sure it has access to drinking water at all times, but don't let it hibernate where rain can drown it or wet it to the point it gets chilled.
	www.anapsid.org /hibernation.html (2061 words)

	Hibernation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hibernation is a state of inactivity in an animal brought about by short day lengths, cold temperatures and limitations of food.
		Hibernation is a survival strategy that can be very successful in environments in which food is scarce or just difficult to find during a long, cold winter season.
		Dropping into deep hibernation or into a torpid state allows the animal to use their body's energy reserves at a slower rate than they would if they were maintaining themselves at their typical basal metabolic rate.
	www.nk2.psu.edu /naturetrail/Winter/hibernation.htm (506 words)

	EEK! - Snug in the Snow - Hibernation Story
		Hibernation is still a bit of a mystery for scientists.
		If blood is taken from a hibernating ground squirrel in the winter and injected into an active squirrel in the spring, the active squirrel goes into hibernation.
		Hibernation is still somewhat of a mystery and an amazing animal adaptation.
	www.dnr.wi.gov /org/caer/ce/eek/nature/snugsnow.htm (561 words)

	Hibernation in Turtles - PetPlace.com
		Hibernation is believed to be necessary for the normal function of the thyroid gland.
		Hibernation is most likely required if a tortoise is to achieve his expected life span.
		Dehydration is a serious concern during the hibernation of tortoises in captivity.
	www.petplace.com /reptiles/hibernation-in-turtles/page1.aspx (1351 words)

	Hibernation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hibernation allows animals to conserve energy during the winter when food is short.
		Some species of mammals hibernate while gestating young, which are born shortly after the mother stops hibernating.
		The epaulette sharks have been documented to be able to survive for long periods of time without oxygen, even being left high and dry, and at temperatures of up to 26 °C. Other animals able to survive long periods without oxygen include the goldfish, the red-eared slider turtle, the wood frog, and the bar-headed goose.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hibernation (777 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : Biology : Hibernation
		Hibernation is when an animal spends many weeks in a dormant state in a small, protected area.
		Hibernation is not always a successful way of passing winter.
		Bats hibernate throughout winter when their body temperature drops to about 4°C. However, bats and hummingbirds are animals which become torpid every day.
	www.saburchill.com /ans02/chapters/chap034c.html (843 words)

	Hibernation
		Hibernation is the way that animals adapt to the climate and land around them.
		Since we already said that hibernators adapt to their environments, you can see why these animals would try to escape extreme cold AND heat by hibernating.
		Hibernation is sleeping through cold and estivation is sleeping through heat.
	library.thinkquest.org /TQ0312800/hibernate.htm (713 words)

	SAFER HIBERNATION AND YOUR TORTOISE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hibernation is recommended, but extra-special care should be exercised as this tortoise is particularly prone to respiratory and skin complaints.
		Hibernation should not be attempted with these species; they require a warm, very humid vivarium environment all year round, or at least can only go outside in mild weather.
		Hibernate a box turtle the first season you have it, as potential health problems may be latent and might not have shown as outward symptoms.
	www.turtlestuff.com /hibernation.html (9508 words)

	Kodiak Island, Alaska - Official Visitors Guide - Bears - Hibernation
		Hibernation is a state of dormancy and inactivity used by bears and various other animals to adapt to short winter food supplies.
		Hibernation of bears is different from other "hibernators" such as bats, marmots, squirrels, woodchucks and rodents that are in a deep sleep or state of torpidity, with a low metabolic rate and temperatures many degrees below normal.
		During a bear's hibernation, its body temperature does not drop to within a few degrees of the surrounding air; its metabolic rate is comparatively high, and it may awaken during a warm period and move about outside the den, though it remains nearby.
	www.kodiak.org /hibernation.html (253 words)

	Hibernate (OS feature) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hibernate (also known ambiguously as sleep mode) is a feature seen in many operating systems where the contents of RAM is written to non-volatile storage, such as the hard disk (as either a file or on a separate partition) before powering off the system.
		Hibernating and restoring from hibernate is also generally faster than a hard reboot and, if necessary, can be done without user interaction (unlike shutting down, which often requires the user to specify if open documents should be saved).
		Hibernation is often used on laptops and can generally be set to happen automatically on a low battery alarm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hibernate_(OS_feature) (425 words)

	ANIMALS IN WINTER - HIBERNATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		During HIBERNATION, an animal appears to be dead because the heart rate and the body temperature and movements have slowed down.
		In spring, gophers come out of their dens in April and May. The young are born about a month later and will come out of the burrows (holes dug in the ground) in early June.
		FROGS hibernate at the bottom of streams and ponds where the water does not freeze.
	www.expage.com /page/mrsgwinter2 (361 words)

	The Carey Lab Home Page
		The ultimate goal of these “applied” hibernation studies is to translate insights from the hibernation phenotype to improvements in human and animal biomedicine.
		Hibernation and the intestinal immune system: The mucosal immune system, which includes immune cells and structures in the intestine, lung, urogenital tract, and skin, is charged with preventing the invasion of pathogenic organisms at these exposed surfaces.
		In hibernators, the number of immune cells in the intestine increases, both in the intraepithelial spaces (intraepithelial lymphocytes or IEL) and the lamina propria (lamina propria lymphocytes or LPL).
	www.vetmed.wisc.edu /cbs/carey2/index.htm (538 words)

	Hibernation / Brumation
		It is important that a tortoise doesn't enter hibernation with food still in its stomach, so as the time for hibernation approaches, the desire to feed will be gradually reducing due to the drop in temperatures.
		A fasting period of one month, immediately prior to hibernation, at cool temperatures (but not cold enough to cause the tortoise to begin hibernating!) is recommended.
		After the hibernation is complete, the priority is to warm the tortoise up, using controlled overhead heating, and as soon as that is achieved, to get it drinking.
	home.earthlink.net /~rednine/hibernation.htm (644 words)

	NOVA Online \| Japan's Secret Garden \| Secrets of Hibernation
		Biologists have long acknowledged that hibernating fl bears may have something to teach us, and they are now studying the animals with an eye to aiding everything from organ preservation to kidney disorders, from human hibernation to long-distance space travel.
		Hibernating fl bears, particularly mothers with cubs, sleep lightly, and bear expert Roger Powell of North Carolina State University says he has never approached a den in which a resident bear was not watching him come.
		By December, when the bear was deep in hibernation, its sleeping heart rate had slowed to as few as eight beats a minute.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/satoyama/hibernation.html (1267 words)

	1. Chillin' out
		Scientific purists say the fl bear is not a true hibernator, but it does enter a state of extremely slow metabolism and heart rate during the winter.
		Hibernation is a drastic measure to survive winter: At first glance you might think a hibernating animal is dead.
		Although hibernation is sometimes called "sleep," the conditions are different in terms of heart rate, duration, body temperature and brain activity.
	whyfiles.org /187hibernate (556 words)

	USATODAY.com - Will humans hibernate their way through space? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		European researchers are on the case, conducting hibernation experiments that will hopefully help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the multiple years it would take for a spaceflight to the outer planets or beyond.
		Hibernating animals such as bears or woodchucks can either go into a full hibernate, in which they effectively sleep through a long stretch of time, or go into a torpor, a sort of periodic sleep from which they awake several times during winter.
		As envisioned by ESA researchers, such a shelter would provide the proper environment for hibernation — such as the proper temperature — and also serve as a bed in the waking part of the mission.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2004-10-13-space-hibernation_x.htm (1048 words)

	Animal hibernation
		A classic hibernator is the desert tortoise, which heads underground into burrows with the onset of cold.
		Hibernation is commonly regarded as passing the winter in a state of lethargy, a defense against cold and food shortages, but it is not quite that simple.
		Hibernating bats, for example, the desert-dwelling western pipistrelles, big browns and pallids, may drop their heart rates from a high of over 600 beats per minute during mid-flight to a low of under 20 beats per minute during hibernation.
	www.desertusa.com /mag02/dec/sleep.html (954 words)

	Animals in winter - hibernation, migration, hibernate, migrate, adaptation, adapt, animal behavior
		For example, a hibernating woodchuck's heart rate slows from 80 to 4 beats per minute, and its temperature drops from 98 F to as low as 38 F. If its temperature falls too low, it will awaken slightly and shiver to warm up a bit.
		However, even when the weather is severe, hibernators may wake up for short periods every few weeks to use their "toilet rooms" and eat if food is available.
		While the northern ground squirrels spend the summer eating and preparing for winter hibernation, ground squirrels living in the southwest desert may avoid the extreme heat by aestivating in their burrows.
	www.sciencemadesimple.com /animals.html (2141 words)

	SPACE.com -- A Sleepy Science: Will Humans Hibernate Their Way Through Space?
		ESA and Italian researchers are studying whether it could be possible to put human astronauts into a state of hibernation for long-duration flights into deep space.
		European researchers, however, are on the case, conducting hibernation experiments that will hopefully help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the multiple years it would take for a spaceflight to the outer planets or beyond.
		As envisioned by ESA researchers, such a shelter would provide the proper environment for hibernation - such as the proper temperature - and also serve as a bed in the waking part of the mission.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/scitues_hibernation_041012.html (1185 words)

	Hibernation
		Hibernation is begun by slowly decreasing the temperature until the final cooling temperature is reached.
		Water should be available during hibernation both for drinking and to increase the humidity of their hibernating environment.
		I feel it is important to provide adequate humidity during hibernation to prevent dehydration of the animals.
	www.drseward.com /New_Site/REhibernation.htm (247 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Animals - Children's Zone - Time to sleep
		To hibernate actually means to go into a dormant or inactive state, in which your normal bodily functions (metabolism) slows right down.
		Hibernation is an important way for animals to conserve their energy.
		Most hibernating animals build themselves a nest, and these winter quarters are sometimes called hibernacula.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/reallywild/features/tts_index.shtml (228 words)

	Bear Hibernation - IdahoPTV's Dialogue For Kids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hibernation enables them to live in places where food is not abundant year round, instead of migrating as animals such as elk do.
		Unlike other hibernators, though, a bears body temperature falls only slightly perhaps because of the bears large body size and the fact that it metabolizes fat reserves while hibernating.
		In general, male fl bears are the last to begin hibernating and the first to emerge in the spring.
	www.idahoptv.org /dialogue4kids/bears/hibernate.html (339 words)

	Box turtle hibernation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hibernation is not a time of cozy sleep, but a dangerous time when bodily functions are barely keeping the box turtle alive.
		If you are going to hibernate a box turtle you’ve kept inside all year, be sure to stop feeding it two weeks before you place it in the box.
		Do protect your hibernating box turtles from foraging wild animals like rats, mice or raccoons and from other pets that may break open their hibernation boxes or dens.
	www.boxturtlesite.org /hib.html (1267 words)

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