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Topic: Hichiriki

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	Japanese Traditional Music [ Musical Instruments/Hichiriki ]
		One of the most distinctive sounds of Gagaku is the strong nasal tone of the hichiriki.
		It is said that the sound of the hichiriki expresses the voice of people living close to the earth.
		For example, there is the technique called "enbai." The double reed for the hichiriki is very large so that even with the same fingering, just by altering the pressure on the reed a range of three pitches or so can be reached and a kind of portamento can be created.
	jtrad.columbia.jp /eng/i_hichiriki.html (268 words)

	Musical Instrument (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hichiriki is composed of a bamboo pipe approximately 18 centimeters long (the diameter of the top is about 1.5 centimeters and the bottom about 1 centimeter).
		Hichiriki can change more than one level of tune from up to down by the mouth and breathing without a finger change.
		Hichiriki can give melody smoothness, the effect of fingers' slide, and moreover the necessary accent and rhythm appropriately.
	tengaku.konko.jp /english/einstrument.htm (1284 words)

	Strumenti musicali del Giappone: hichiriki
		Lo hichiriki viene utilizzato principalmente nel gagaku di cui è lo strumento melodico principale (per l'intensità del suono e per il timbro penetrante la sua voce si distingue chiaramente al disopra di quella di tutti gli altri strumenti).
		In epoca Nara erano utilizzati in Giappone due tipi di hichiriki: uno hichiriki grande (basso) ed uno hichiriki piccolo (di tessitura più acuta).
		Lo hichiriki grande è però caduto in disuso verso la metà del periodo Heian e lo strumento giunto fino a noi è in effetti lo hichiriki piccolo (oggi chiamato semplicemente hichiriki).
	www.hogaku.it /strumenti/hichiriki.html (674 words)

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		The hichiriki is a small double-reed instrument made of bamboo.
		hichiriki serves as the center of the gagaku orchestra and is found in all types of gagaku music.
		The horrible sound of the hichiriki is like the noisy crickets of autumn.I can't stand to be in the same room with that sound.
	mll.kenyon.edu /~japanese02/J28f99/schmism/Gagaku/gakuwnds.htm (469 words)

	About Japanese Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The 8th-century court established a music bureau (gagakuryo) to be in charge of musical duties, both ritual and entertainment.
		The standard full-range gagaku ensemble has about 16 musicians on percussion, string, and reed instruments, the most distinctive being the free-reed mouth organ (sho), cyndrical oboe (hichiriki), the biwa lute, and the koto zither.
		Meanwhile with the introduction of Buddhism to Japan in the 6th century, Buddhist rites and liturgical chants gave rise to the development of a great variety of bells, gongs, wooden clappers, plaques, percussion tubes, and rattles, many of which found their way also into kabuki music of the Edo period (1600-1868).
	web-japan.org /museum/music/about_mu.html (523 words)

	[No title]
		The unique shape of "sho" is often compared a figure of a Chinese phoenix perching on somewhere to take a rest, and the elegant tone quality it emanates is so beautiful to have been described like "a light streaming from the heavens".
		In the same way the tone quality of "hichiriki" that coordinates the main melody is also impressive, with it's continental, powerful and magnificent tone where audience is overwhelmed.
		In recent times, "Gagaku" is performed publicly in several locations, and not limited to the performance at the occasional event in the Imperial Court.
	www.jpn-miyabi.com /Vol.14/gagaku-e.html (588 words)

	Recording: Traditional Music of Japan, The - 01
		Because of the narrower range of the Ryuteki and Hichiriki, the melody is changed and in addition, the composer (or arranger) can change the melody to some extent.
		Two string instruments, the 'Biwa and the So together with one wind instrument, the Hichiriki continue performing, while the Hichiriki occasionally stops and the So is played with additional arpeggios.
		The Ko-Netori begins with the Komabue (flute) which is followed by the Hichiriki and Sanno-tsuzumi (side drum).
	www.komuso.com /albums/Traditional_Music_of_Japan,_The_-_01.html (2098 words)

	Adam Rudolph's Moving Pictures - Ensemble Information
		alto and C flutes, bass clarinet, tenor and soprano saxophone, bassoon, ney, piano, hichiriki, bagpipes, bamboo flutes
		Jones studied the hichiriki with Japanese Gagaku master Togi, is a founding member of Eternal Wind, and has recorded for the Columbia, Island, Flying Fish, and Capitol record labels.
		These include the didjeridoo, hichiriki, djembe, bendir,dumbek, shenai, kaval, bata, kalimba, udu drums, tables, talking drums, ney, and tar.
	www.metarecords.com /m_picts_info.html (1046 words)

	Music
		Inspired by the simple beauty of a Zen Garden, on this CD a Japanese ensemble performs 12 original compositions on traditional instruments and piano.
		Instrumentation includes shakuhachi, shinobue, hichiriki, kitsuzumi, bamboo flutes, koto, bass koto, shamisen & piano.
		Bring relief to your mind and body and wake the potentials and energies that lay inert.
	www.buddhistspirit.com /music.htm (194 words)

	The Classical Free-Reed, Inc. History of Asian Free-Reed Instruments: The Sho
		Example 7 shows the notation of the sho, the hichiriki and the ryuteki for the beginning of the piece Etenraku.
		The order used here, devised by Robert Garfias (University of California, Irvine), divides the ensemble into three main instrumental functions: the primary melody-playing instruments, the fue and hichiriki; the secondary or supporting instruments: the sho, koto, and biwa (lute); and the underlying rhythmic foundation supplied by the shoko, kakko, and taiko.
		In the sho part, only the aitake have been given; the te-utsuri patterns, produced by the various combinations of finger movements when moving from one aitake to another, have been avoided because they would add great confusion to the score and would overemphasize subtleties of sho technique at the cost of melodic clarity.
	www.ksanti.net /free-reed/history/sho.html (1922 words)

	Gagaku
		There is surviving notation or tablature for five melody instruments in the gagaku ensemble, and also percussion indications.
		According to current gagaku practice the ryuteki and hichiriki play the main melodies, while the other instruments provide simple accompaniment.
		The Tang Dynasty Music Research Project has shown that these ryuteki and hichiriki melodies were added later, and that in fact all instruments played the melodies.
	www.silkqin.com /11misc/gagaku.htm (1660 words)

	Past and Present Orchestration
		The suzu bell tree, the earliest known Japanese instrument, are found with equal importance as the ancient wagon zither can be heard at the palace rituals and larger shrines.
		General Shinto chaning, norito, involve unison choruses of men that are accompanied by the hichiriki oboe, kagura-bue flute, and the wagon zither.
		The music for mi-kagura ceremonies are divided into two types: one to praise the spirits or seek their aid (torimono), and the other to entertain the gods (saibari) in the tradition.
	pages.cthome.net /chegment/korch.htm (970 words)

	Yusef Lateef, Adam Rudolph and Go: Organic Orchestra, In the Garden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Marimbula by Munyungo Jackson, hichiriki by Ralph Jones, bansuri by David Philipson, Mr.
		Lateef on bamboo flute an' vocal, and Adam Rudolph on talkin' drum an' vocal.
		I hear it quite clearly on the first track, "Little Tree." A hichiriki is a Japanese flutey thingy, made of bamboo.
	www.greenmanreview.com /cd/cd_lateef_inthegarden.html (392 words)

	ACTA ORGANOLOGICA 27 - Summaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Although common organ stops in Japan are sometimes named after traditional Japanese instruments, the Klais organ is the only one worldwide that has -- in addition to a French and a German section -- a Japanese section containing 4 specially designed stops imitating the Japanese instruments: shakuhachi, shinobue, shô and hichiriki.
		While the Shakuhachi 8' stop and the Shinobue 4' stop are established using flue pipes, free reed organ pipes are used for the Shô 8' and the Hichiriki 8' stop.
		Sound recordings of single tones were made of these 'Japanese' organ stops and analyzed regarding the sound spectra, the attack transients of the single partials, and the variation of the fundamental frequency during the attack transients.
	www.gdo.de /veroeff/acta27e.html (2553 words)

	gagaku -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		Though little notation from before the 12th century survives, a mostly later body of music continues to be performed at Shinto ceremonies.
		Gagaku employs transverse flute (ryuteki), double-reed pipe (hichiriki), mouth organ (sho), gong (shoko), drums, and stringed instruments including the biwa (see pipa) and koto.
		It may accompany dance (bugaku) or be played independently (kangen); it is further classified either as togaku, the so-called music of the left (which included Chinese and Indian materials), or as komagaku, the music of the right (including Korean examples).
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9365121 (142 words)

	Meaning of Music words (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Gagaku orchestras may consist of as many as 17 musicians playing woodwinds, plucked- string, and percussion instruments.
		The winds include a flute, usually of the type known as ry Uteki; a short double-reed pipe called hichiriki; and a sho, a free-reed mouth organ consisting of 17 bamboo pipes inserted in a globular wind chest with a mouth hole.
		The flute and the double-reed pipe play the melody while the mouth organ provides a cluster of background tones.
	abbreviations.virtualsplat.com /meaning/music/meaning-of-music-words-g.asp (1297 words)

	Japanese Music
		New Chinese instruments were introduced with the musical style.
		To-Gaku was accompanied by the oteki (a bamboo flute), the hichiriki (a double-reed instrument similar to a bassoon), the sho (a mouth-organ), the shoko (gong), the biwa and koto (stringed instruments), and the kakko, and taiko drums.
		Koma-Gaku is the style of music brought to Japan from Korea and Manchuria, also during the Heian Period.
	www.bridgewater.edu /~dhuffman/soc306/S98grp1/music.html (465 words)

	Tokyo International Music Ensemble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Ensemble toured the United States including New York,Washington D.C.and Los Angels in the spring of 1990,Frankfurut and Cologne in the autumn of 1990, 8 cities in the United Kingdom including London and Huddersfield, Berlin in 1992, Vienna in 1992 and 1996, and in 1997 Paris, Oslo,Stord, Bergen and Cologne.
		The Ensemble consists of leading musicians who perform on instruments such as the sho, hichiriki and ryuteki of the gagaku (imperial court music) orchestra whose history dates back almost one thousand two hundred years to the 8th century, as well as more familiar traditional instruments such as the koto and shakuhachi from Japan's medieval period.
		A programme of contemporary compositions featuring the joint performances of traditional instruments and Western classical instruments is the focal point of this Ensemble.
	www.tokyo-concerts.co.jp /artist_e/time.html (288 words)

	CMJ Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		These sounds complement the music performed by the pianist in various dimensions, the overall result of which is an evocative piece in which the concept of the Aeolian harp is extended to draw on themes of the transformative effect of memory.
		Taube’s Aeolian Harp, Naotoshi Osaka’s Chiekagami, for hichiriki, a traditional Japanese double reed wind instrument, and tape also addresses issues of memory although in a less direct way.
		Performed by Katsuhiko Tabuchi, this piece draws on a range of synthesis techniques to simulate other traditional Japanese instruments as well as to transform the sound of the hichiriki.
	mitpress2.mit.edu /e-journals/Computer-Music-Journal/reviews/28-2/icmc-music.html (2025 words)

	Fujiwara Teika and the Tale of Matsura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It was, no doubt, an effect of this place he had come to.
		The hichiriki was known as a sho here in China.
		Now I can believe the ancient legend, thought Ujitada, about the princess who was carried away to the realm of the immortals for her playing of the sho.
	homepage.mac.com /wlammers/Main/matsura.html (1751 words)

	Steve Cohn : Bridge Over the X-Stream - Listen, Review and Buy at ARTISTdirect
		Here, too, his quartet consists of Cohn on piano and assorted miscellaneous instruments (shakuhachi, hichiriki, shofar, and percussion); Reggie Workman on bass (and percussion); Jason Hwang on violin; and Tom Varner on French horn.
		With colleagues of that caliber, expectations run high.
		Percussion, Piano, Main Performer, Shofar, Hichiriki, Producer, Shakuhachi
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/store/artist/album/0,,983089,00.html (301 words)

	H.Notes! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In this orchestra, each instrument played a mythical role.
		Hichiriki - an oboe like instrument- spoke the voices of the Earth.
		Ryuteki - a flute- was a dragon dancing in the sky.
	users.hanson.net /hnetmag/instruments605.html (572 words)

	UC Briefs: November 19, 2002 - Daily Nexus Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The next piece is a baglama, which Hsu described as "the quintessential instrument of Turkish folk music." A celebrated musician, Ramazan Gungor, made this instrument in 1980 and recently donated it to the UCSB collection.
		Claremont biology professor emeritus Sherwin Carlquist donated the three Japanese instruments, which Hsu described as "absolutely splendid" and "prohibitively expensive." They include a sho (mouth organ), a hichiriki (similar to an oboe), and a kotsuzumi (hourglass drum).
		Hsu said they are of museum quality and will therefore not be played.
	www.ucsbdailynexus.com /print_article.php?a=3950 (872 words)

	Music & Arts Center: Rentals: Oboes
		Similar double reed instruments are found in Asian and Arabic countries.
		For example, a Japanese oboe called the hichiriki, operates on the same principle of a vibrating double reed.
		Many works have been composed for solo oboe, including pieces by such renowned composers as J.S. Bach, G.P. Telemann, George Frideric Handel, Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Robert Schumann.
	www.musicandartscenters.com /rentals/rentals.cfm?rentId=3 (320 words)

	Music From Japan
		winds: 2 sho, u, 2 hichiriki, ohichiriki, 2 ryuteki, haisho
		winds: sho, u, hichiriki, ohichiriki, fue, shakuhachi, haisho
		For more than 1,000 years, the Todai-ji monastery temple in Nara, Japan, has housed the treasured Shoso-in collection of musical instruments and artifacts that were transported to Japan from as far away as Persia along the famed Silk Road in the 8th century.
	www.musicfromjapan.org /mfjcur.html (252 words)

	Discography
		All tunes by Peijnenburg/Moholo/Lipere except Caravan which is by Mills/Ellington and Tizol.
		Composed by Alan Purves (percussion and toys) and Ad Peijnenburg brs, síno hichiriki, bombarde.
		Recorded at Het Klooster in Nuenen, Holland on 21-12-1997.
	members.chello.nl /a.peijnenburg/Discography.htm (296 words)

	Masakazu Yoshizawa - Free Music Downloads, Videos, CDs, MP3s, Bio, Merchandise and Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		He received his degree from the Tokyo University of Fine Arts.
		Yoshizawa is a multi-instrumentalist playing such traditional Japanese instruments as the shakuhachi, shinobue, hichiriki, and others, as well as such Western instruments as the clarinet, saxophone, and other woodwinds.
		He is an active studio musician and performs in live concerts worldwide.
	store.artistdirect.com /nad/music/artist/bio/0,,512548,00.html (309 words)

	Gagaku and Beyond
		Acht Jahre musste Tadaaki die klassischen Werke ohne Instrument auswendig lernen, bevor er als 17-Jähriger beginnen durfte, die Sho zu blasen, eine Art Mundorgel mit 17 Bambuspfeifen.
		Zu den Gagaku-Instrumenten gehören außerdem die Flöten Ryuteki, Komabue, Hichiriki, die Zither Koto, die Laute Biwa und verschiedene Trommeln.
		Auch ohne Kenntnis der Tradition ist die strenge ritualisierte Form der oft kurzen Stücke hörbar.
	www.blacksun.com /releases/13179.htm (751 words)

	regional
		often accompanied by Hichiriki (oboe-like instrument) and Wagon, a 6-string zither
		Introduction: "canon-like" form with dense textures and sharp dissonances
		Repeated phrase "Netori" (hichiriki and sho) established character of piece
	www.uwgb.edu /ogradyt/world/japan.htm (1427 words)

	MP3 music download website, eMusic
		Here, too, his quartet consists of Cohn on piano and assorted miscellaneous instruments (shakuhachi, hichiriki, shofar, and percussion); Reggie Workman on bass (and percussi...
		Here, too, his quartet consists of Cohn on piano and assorted miscellaneous instruments (shakuhachi, hichiriki, shofar, and percussion); Reggie Workman on bass (and percussion); Jason Hwang on violin; and Tom Varner on French horn.
		With colleagues of that caliber, expectations run high.
	www.emusic.com /album/10814/10814720.html (327 words)

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