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	Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation, also known as the Three Affiliated Tribes, are a Native American group comprising a union of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara peoples, whose native lands ranged across the Missouri River basin in the Dakotas.
		The name Hidatsa, said to mean "willows," was formerly borne by one of the tribal villages.
		As the early Mandan and Hidatsa heavily intermarried, children were taught to speak the language of their mother, but understand the dialect of either tribe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hidatsa (1296 words)

	Hidatsa
		Hidatsa (AT-102) was launched 29 December 1943 by the Charleston Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Charleston, S.C.; sponsored by Mrs.
		As Hidatsa reached Leyte Gulf, scene of the initial landings, 25 October she could observe gun flashes from the Battle of Surigao Straits, part of Japan's desperate attempt to deny America the Philippines.
		Hidatsa next participated in landings at Zambales and Grande Island, where she was active in salvage and towing work.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/h6/hidatsa.htm (473 words)

	Hidatsa - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		HIDATSA [Hidatsa], Native North Americans, also known as the Minitari and the Gros Ventre.
		After their separation from the Crow, with whom they were united before the historic period, they occupied several agricultural villages on the upper Missouri River in North Dakota and were in close alliance with the occupants of other villages, the Arikara and the Mandan.
		The Hidatsa villages, with circular earth lodges, were enclosed by an earthen wall.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/H/Hidatsa.asp (326 words)

	Lewis and Clark . Native Americans . Hidatsas \| PBS
		Hidatsa villages were designed in a fashion similar to their Mandan counterparts.
		For the Hidatsas, battle was the way that young men established themselves as leaders in the tribe.
		To keep the Hidatsas away from the fort, a number of Mandans lied to their Indian neighbors that the Americans planned to raid the Hidatsa villages.
	www.pbs.org /lewisandclark/native/hid.html (421 words)

	Hidatsa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Hidatsa Indians are currently connected with the Mandan and the Arikara tribes.
		The Mandan and Hidatsa speak a Siouan dialect, while the Arikara are members of the Caddoan linguistic group being related to the Pawnee (3).
		In the latter third of the 18th century, this migration was sharply accelerated because of the ravages resulting from the smallpox epidemic (3).
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/hidatsa.html (614 words)

	EARTH LODGE: Hidatsa, Mandan, Arikara traditional large earth-sheltered Plains homes
		They were forced to move to the shelterless, windswept, barren prairies, and the arms of the lake now cut off the new communities from each other on the unfriendly expanse of what's left of their destroyed land, where they had lived and farmed from time immemorial.
		The Garrison dam that destroyed the Hidatsa, Mandan, and Arikara lands, settlements, bridges, roads, hospitals, and way of life was conceived in 90 days in the 1940's.
		With the Ft. Laramie Treaty of 1851, the Hidatsa were guaranteed 12.6 million acres for a reservation, covering most of their original settled territory from the Heart and Knife Rivers to the Yellowstone River.
	www.kstrom.net /isk/maps/houses/hidatsa.html (2436 words)

	The Hidatsa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In 1765 the Hidatsa was discovered by whites and documentation reveals that the Hidatsa peoples still used the dogs and the dog travois as a mode of transportation, not horses.
		In 1913 Wolf Chief, an Hidatsa born in 1849 stated that the original breed of dog that the Hidatsa bred and raised, was well on the road to extinction, as the influx of European bred dog, was watering down the gene pool.
		To the Hidatsa, the dog was a very important beast of burden and its care and management and breeding was left to the women.
	www.majesticview1.com /the_hidatsa.htm (2249 words)

	The Hidatsa Tribe - North Dakota Pioneers
		The name Hidatsa has been said, with doubtful authority, to mean “willows,” and is stated to have been originally the name only of a principal village of the tribe in their old home on Knife River.
		The largest of the three villages of the tribe was called Hidatsa and was on the north bank of Knife River.
		Early writers describe the Hidatsa as somewhat superior intellectually and physically to their neighbors, although this was not so evident in later days.
	www.legendsofamerica.com /NA-Hidatsa.html (840 words)

	10-Hidatsa
		The Hidatsa of North Dakota were farmers and earth-lodge dwellers with a lifestyle that was similar to the Mandan.
		We know her as Sacagawea, and she was living at the Hidatsa village of Metaharta as the wife of French Canadian trader, Touissant Charbonneau, when Lewis and Clark met her.
		The head chief of the Hidatsa, Le Borgne or "One Eye," was a feared warrior and talented diplomat allied with the Cheyenne.
	www.umsl.edu /~econed/louisiana/Am_Indians/10-Hidatsa/10-hidatsa.html (317 words)

	Time Line of Historical Events relating to the Three Tribes
		The Third Band is of Hidatsa, called Hidatsa Proper, left their villages in the Devil's Lake area and settled in the Missouri River Valley.
		Smallpox disseminates the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara villages.
		The Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara tribes met in council with their hereditary enemies, the Dakota, at Fort Abraham Lincoln for the purposes of concluding a treaty of peace.
	lib.fbcc.bia.edu /FortBerthold/Tmln01.asp (3299 words)

	Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Mandans and Hidatsas (and to a lesser extent, the Arikaras) are the "nice guys" of Native American history.
		Aside from individual skirmishes, they never fought the white man, cooperated to the fullest extent in the reservation and acculturation process, and as a reward, were the first tribes to receive U.S. citizenship with full voting privileges in 1891, unlike the limited citizenship granted to the remainder of the first Americans in 1924.
		The Mandans and Hidatsas had a physical culture so similar that archeologists are unable to distinguish their excavated village sites.
	www.exploretheoldwest.org /mandan,_hidatsa_and_arikara.htm (3019 words)

	Mandan language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was initially thought to be closely related to the languages of the Hidatsa and the Crow tribes.
		However, since the Mandan language has been in contact with Hidatsa and Crow for many years, the exact relationship between Mandan and other Siouan languages (including Hidatsa and Crow) has been obscured and is currently undetermined.
		Lowie, Robert H. Societies of the Hidatsa and Mandan Indians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mandan_language (643 words)

	Canku Ota - October 4, 2003 - N. Dakota School is Trying to Save Hidatsa Language
		The Hidatsa language classes at the school in Mandaree operate as close as possible to immersion.
		At Mandaree, the Hidatsa community on the Fort Berthold Reservation, educators hope it will revive the tribe's language, spoken by 100 or 150 residents.
		When he returned home after serving with the Marines, he said, he was alarmed at the erosion he found in the state of the language.
	turtletrack.org /Issues03/Co10042003/CO_10042003_Hidatsa_Language.htm (664 words)

	The Golden Dollar Coin Featuring Sacagawea - United States Mint
		The Hidatsa villages, complete with circular earth lodges, were enclosed by an earthen wall.
		Hidatsa traits included the cultivation of corn and an annual organized buffalo hunt.
		In 1870, a large reservation was designated for the Mandan, the Hidatsa, and the Arikara in North Dakota at the Fort Berthold Reservation.
	usmint.gov /mint_programs/golden_dollar_coin/index.cfm?action=shoshone (658 words)

	Educators seek to save Hidatsa language from fading into history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Hidatsa language instruction program, established more than 20 years ago by one of his sisters, had been discontinued for two years, so his first task was one of resurrection.
		One sign of a dying language, he said, is the tendency inexperienced speakers have of imposing the grammatical structure of the dominant language spoken around them.
		That borrowed sentence structure doesn't show up in the speech of the Gwin siblings, for whom Hidatsa was their first language, but it is common for those who learn it as a second language, Boyle said.
	www.bismarcktribune.com /articles/2003/09/18/news/local/nws04.txt (1242 words)

	Garden Coulee Site
		For the Hidatsa, the historic period was a time of complex culture change and social interaction with Europeans and Euro-Americans.
		The history of the Crow-Flies-High band of Hidatsa is a reflection of the drastic changes that affected Hidatsa culture and social organization between 1837 and 1900, the time when disease, warfare, and relocation were having significant impacts on the Hidatsa people.
		With the earlier establishment of Fort Buford in 1866 at the river confluence area, the Crow-Flies-High band was able to build an initial settlement nearby sometime between 1869 and 1872 to continue traditional ways of hunting, trading, and growing limited amounts of crops.
	www.cr.nps.gov /mwac/garden_coulee/history.htm (933 words)

	Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Culture - Who's Who?
		The ancestors of the Hidatsa and Mandan came from the same roots, long, long ago but their migration traditions are separate and distinct.
		The Hidatsa are believed to have separated from other proto-Siouan-speakers over two thousand years ago, based on the study of language differences among the different groups.
		Like the Mandan and Hidatsa, the Sahnish are comprised of many small bands or villages of Caddoan-speaking people who ultimately, after much traveling and strife, came to live together and to be recognized by others as one people.
	www.trailtribes.org /kniferiver/whos-who.htm (1285 words)

	National Geographic: Lewis & Clark—Tribes—Hidatsa Indians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Of the three Hidatsa villages located at the confluence of the upper Missouri and the Knife Rivers in modern-day North Dakota, the Hidatsa-proper occupied the largest, northernmost one at Menetarra.
		Like the other Hidatsa tribes in the area, the Amahami and the Minitari, the Hidatsa proper were farmers.
		Lewis and Clark valued the information that the Hidatsa, with their westward raids and trade network, had about the people and places to be found in the Rockies.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /lewisandclark/record_tribes_007_5_2.html (330 words)

	Mid-America All Indian Center - Gallery of Nations - Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara - The Three Affiliated Tribes
		The Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara are three different but closely allied North Dakota tribes.
		The Hidatsa are believed to have come from the same ancestors as the Crow.
		The spear, bow, and arrows are the traditional weapons used by the ancestors of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara for hunting and survival.
	theindiancenter.org /Museum/GalleryofNations/MandanHidatsaArikara.htm (218 words)

	Hidatsa Language (Nuxbaaga, Minitari)
		Hidatsa is a Siouan language of the Great Plains.
		Only a few elders speak Hidatsa today, but some young people are trying to learn their ancestral language again.
		Curtis' early 20th-century ethnography of the Hidatsa Indians.
	www.native-languages.org /hidatsa.htm (148 words)

	Hidatsa - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Hidatsa, sometimes called the Minitari or the Gros Ventre, Native North American people of the Siouan language family and the Plains culture area....
		Among early Plains peoples were the Blackfoot, who were bison hunters, and the Mandan and Hidatsa, who were Missouri River agriculturalists.
		Mound builders settled along the rivers of the eastern two thirds of present-day North Dakota about ad 1500.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Hidatsa.html (87 words)

	Canku Ota - October 18, 2003 - Hidatsa Member Refines True Story of Sacagawea
		Yet one of the most famous women in American history is also one of the most mysterious; even the date of her death is disputed, with opinions differing by as much as 70 years.
		It is commonly believed that at age 12, Sacagawea was captured in a raid by the Hidatsa and taken from her Shoshone tribe.
		Traumatic though this must have been, she learned to speak Hidatsa in addition to her native Shoshone, which would later make her a vital member of Lewis and Clark's Corps of Discovery.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues03/Co10182003/CO_10182003_Sacagawea.htm (917 words)

	John P. Boyle (University of Chicago) Hidatsa Language Documentation and Revitalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Hidatsa is a Siouan language spoken almost exclusively on the Ft. Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota.
		There are approximately 75 speakers, most of whom are over the age of 50, and very little work has been done to document the language.
		All of the materials will be of use both the Hidatsa community and to the linguistics community.
	sapir.ling.yale.edu /~elf/boyle.html (182 words)

	Wisdom of the Elders Program Five: Mandan / Hidatsa
		Nico Wind visits with Hidatsa songkeeper, Alexander Gwin, who speaks about society songs and how they help his people celebrate who they are and what they can achieve.
		Milt Lee talks with Keith Bear, an award-winning Mandan-Hidatsa flute player, and how the pain of personal and historical loss was overcome with the development of his relationship with his flute.
		Hidatsa storyteller and musician, Victor Mandan, tells the story of his ancestor, Cherry Necklace, who vision quested in a pit with snakes, and offers his philosophy on why snakes are so feared.
	www.wisdomoftheelders.org /program205.html (242 words)

	Lewis and Clark - The Corps of Discovery - Sakakawea
		A member of the Shoshonean-speaking group, she was apparently captured by enemies on a raid and subsequently ended up at the Hidatsa villages on the Missouri River in present-day North Dakota.
		There, as was the custom of many tribes, the Hidatsa adopted her into their culture.
		Therefore, it is accurate to say she was both Shoshone and Hidatsa: Shoshone by birth and Hidatsa by culture.
	www.state.nd.us /hist/LewisClark/sakakaweaCorps1.html (129 words)

	Biographical Dictionary of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara
		Bob Tail Bull, born in 1834 was a member of the Awatixa Hidatsa proper band and was a prominent Sub chief under Chief Crows Flies High.
		The Hidatsa and Mandan were devastated by the Small-pox epidemic of 1837 and in an effort to find a safer home from the increasing attacks of their enemies the Dakota the two tribes moved North on the Missouri River when Buffalo Bird Woman was about four years old to establish Like-a-fishhook Village.
		Meyer, Roy Willard, 1925- The Village Indians of the Upper Missouri: The Mandans, Hidatsas, and Arikaras.
	lib.fbcc.bia.edu /fortberthold/TATBIO.htm (13565 words)

	Edward S. Curtis's The North American Indian - Uncorrected OCR Text for volume 4
		The separation of these people into two tribes occurred in such recent time that the knowledge of it is much more definite than tribal events usually are when their occurrence is known only by tradition; and, indeed, the dialectic differences between the two tribes are so unimportant as to establish the recency of the change.
		With the Hidatsa and their allies, the Mandan, peace was maintained, but from the villages of the earthen lodges to the Platte extended the Sioux, the "real enemy." In the decade following I830 they became so numerous in the region west of the Black Hills that the Apsaroke found it a dangerous hunting
		The Mandans say that this people came out of the water to the east and settled near them in their former establishment in nine villages; that they were very numerous, and fixed themselves in one village on the southern side of the Missouri.
	curtis.library.northwestern.edu /ocrtext.cgi?vol=4 (17532 words)

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