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	shirakawa
		Hideki Shirakawa, a 64-year-old professor emeritus at the University of Tsukuba, has been named the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2000.
		Shirakawa is the ninth Japanese to become a Nobel laureate and the first since Kenzaburo Oe, who won the prize for literature in 1994.
		Shirakawa subsequently devised a procedure to synthesize large quantities of polyacetylene film and also to control the proportions of two isomeric forms known as cis- and trans-polyacetylene.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/shirakawa.htm (1395 words)

	JCE Online: Biographical Snapshots: Snapshot
		As a young junior-high school student, Hideki Shirakawa wrote an essay “about my wish to be a scientist in the future and conduct research on plastics useful for ordinary people” (2).
		Hideki Shirakawa was born in Tokyo, Japan on August 20, 1936 to Hatsutarou (a physician) and Fuyuno Shirakawa.
		Shirakawa has also received The Award of the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, in 1982, an Award for Distinguished Service in Advancement of Polymer Science from the Society of Polymer Science, Japan in 1999, a Person of Cultural Merits Award, and an Order of Culture Award, both in 2000.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCEWWW/Features/eChemists/Bios/shirakawa.html (531 words)

	Bio.Hideki Shirakawa
		Hideki Shirakawa was born in Tokyo on August 20, 1936.
		He received his BS, MS, and Ph.D from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1961, 1963, and 1966, respectively.
		He received the Award of the Society of Polymer Science, Japan in 1983, Award for Distinguished Service in Advancement of Polymer Science, from the Society of Polymer Science, Japan in 2000, Order of Culture in 2000 from Japanese Government and the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2000.
	www.jspsusa.org /FORUM2001/bio.Shirakawa.htm (252 words)

	University of Tsukuba \| Prospectus \| Nobel Laureates \| Dr. Hideki Shirakawa
		Shirakawa pioneered a new field of "conductive polymers" by challenging the commonly held view that polymers do not conduct electricity.
		Shirakawa found that, when a trace of a halogen such as bromine or iodine is added to thin film polyacetylene, its electric conductivity increases and it exhibits metallic conductivity.
		Hideki Shirakawa, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000, conducted his research in the Institute of Materials Science.
	www.tsukuba.ac.jp /english/about/nobel/shirakawa.html (622 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hideki Shirakawa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Professor Hideki Shirakawa 白川英樹 Shirakawa Hideki, born in Tokyo on August 20, 1936) is a Japanese chemist and winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of conductive polymers together with Alan J. Heeger and Alan G MacDiarmid.
		Hideki Shirakawa was born in Tokyo, Japan on August 20, 1936 to Hatsutarou (a physician) and Fuyuno Shirakawa.
		Shirakawa says he got the "hint" for the research that led to the discovery of conductive plastics from a failed polyacetylene compound experiment.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hideki-Shirakawa (571 words)

	Geometry.Net - Nobel: Shirakawa Hideki
		Hideki Shirakawa, co-discoverer of the field of conducting polymers, more commonly known as "synthetic metals," was the chemist responsible in 1977 for the chemical and electrochemical doping of polyacetylene, (CH) x, the "prototype" conducting polymer.
		Hideki Shirakawa was born in Tokyo on August 20, 1936.
		Shirakawa adalah orang Jepang ke-2 yang menerima hadiah untuk bidang kimia, sedangkan yang pertama adalah (sekarang aimarhum) Ken'ichi Fukui, yang memperoleh Hadiah Nobel pada tahun 1981.
	www.geometry.net /detail/nobel/shirakawa_hideki.html (2963 words)

	Physics Today December 2000
		Shirakawa subsequently devised a procedure to synthesize large quantities of polyacetylene film and also to control the proportions of two isomeric forms known as cis- and trans-polyacetylene.
		Shirakawa measured its conductivity but found it no higher than the conductivity measured in the 1960s on the fl polyacetylene powder; nor did its electrical behavior change (although its optical properties did) when the shiny film was exposed to chlorine.
		Shirakawa, who was born in 1936, holds a PhD from the Tokyo Institute of Technology (1966).
	www.physicstoday.org /pt/vol-53/iss-12/p19.html (2069 words)

	No. 17 Dr. Shirakawa's lecture at Stockholm University (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Shirakawa appeared to be a little bit nervous in the beguinning, that was obvious from the tone of his voice.
		Shirakawa thought that this lecture, not the ceremony, was the most important event during his visit to Sweden this time.
		Shirakawa looked nervous in the beguninning, but his presentation was very good.
	square.umin.ac.jp /murata/diary_17_e.html (575 words)

	Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa
		The path that brought together this trio of scientists born on three continents and comprised of a condensed-matter physicist, a polymer chemist, and an organometallic chemist tells a story on the importance of scientific curiosity, serendipity, interdisciplinary research, and the pursuit of beauty.
		Hideki Shirakawa was born in Tokyo in 1936 and received all of his university education at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.
		After his return to Japan, Hideki Shirakawa devoted his time to perfecting the synthesis of polyacetylene and other conjugated polymers and to improving their mechanical properties, opening the way to intrinsically conducting plastics.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/mamobx/2002/35/i04/abs/ma0118973.html (1534 words)

	Ninth Japanese Laureate \| Science and Technology \| Trends in Japan \| Web Japan
		Hideki Shirakawa, a 64-year-old professor emeritus at the University of Tsukuba, has been named the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2000.
		The prize was presented jointly to Shirakawa and two U.S. scientists--Alan Heeger, 64, of the University of California at Santa Barbara and Alan MacDiarmid, 73, of the University of Pennsylvania--for their discovery and development of conductive polymers, or plastics that can transmit electric current.
		Shirakawa was born in Tokyo on August 20, 1936.
	web-jpn.org /trends00/honbun/tj010120.html (789 words)

	Consulate General of Japan in New York (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Hideki Shirakawa, Professor Emeritus at the University of Tsukuba in Japan, together with U.S. Professors Alan Heeger of the University of California at Santa Barbara and Alan MacDiarmid of the University of Pennsylvania.
		Heeger, MacDiarmid and Shirakawa made their seminal findings at the end of the 1970s and have subsequently developed conductive polymers into a research field of great importance for chemists as well as physicists.
		As previously noted, Shirakawa is the ninth Japanese to be awarded the Nobel Prize.
	www.ny.cgj.org /en/c/vol_08-4/title_01.html (1381 words)

	Nobel Prize 2000
		Professor Shirakawa has been a faculty member of Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba for more than 20 years and has dedicated his life to both his research and education.
		This achievement was often said to be triggered by an accidental mistake --a thousand fold too much catalyst was added during synthesis of polymer-- resulting in a beautiful silvery film which possess many superior properties to metals when he was a research associate of Chemical Resources Laboratory at Tokyo Institute of Technology.
		They worked together with Dr. Alan Heeger in order to understand the mechanisms of the appearance of conductivity in insulating polymers and finally came to a conclusion that it is possible to introduce carriers in polymers by doping: modifying polyacetylene by oxidation with halogen vapor.
	www.ims.tsukuba.ac.jp /~kakeya/imsweb/Nobel.htm (341 words)

	» Hideki Shirakawa Biography - World Famous Biographies - Biographies of famous people : Famous ...
		Hideki Shirakawa, co-discoverer of the field of conducting polymers, more commonly known as “synthetic metals,” was the chemist responsible in 1977 for the chemical and electrochemical doping of polyacetylene, (CH)x, the “prototype” conducting polymer.
		The leading actor in this story is the hydrocarbon polyacetylene, a flat molecule with an angle of 120 degree between the bonds and hence existing in two different forms, the isomers cis-polyacetylene and trans-polyacetylene (the latter form illustrated below).
		In the summer of 1977, Heeger, MacDiarmid, Shirakawa, and co-workers, published their discovery in the article “Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: Halogen derivatives of polyacetylene (CH)n” in The Journal of Chemical Society, Chemical Communications.
	profiles.incredible-people.com /hideki-shirakawa (1426 words)

	Hideki Shirakawa
		Professor Emeirtus SHIRAKAWA, who retired from the univeristy this spring, has won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2000, with Dr. Heeger (Prof.
		The Nobel Prize winners related to the university (only in Japanese at present).
		SHIRAKAWA will also be awarded the Order of Culture by the Japanese Government in November.
	www.punjabilok.com /science/shirakawa.htm (78 words)

	Hideki Shirakawa
		Nachdem Hideki Shirakawa am Tokioter Institute of Technology im Jahr 1961 als Chemie-Ingenieur graduierte, erhält er 1966 den Doktortitel.
		Shirakawa arbeitet bis 1976 als Assistent an dem Chemical Resources Laboratory, wechselt dann als Forscher zur Universität von Pennsylvania.
		Professor Hideki Shirakawa lebt und arbeitet in Ibaraki, Japan.
	www.kern-gmbh.de /kunststoff/service/glossar/shirakawa.htm (132 words)

	Hideki Shirakawa Winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
		Hideki Shirakawa - Plastic can be made to conduct electricity (submitted by john)
		Hideki Shirakawa — Biography in english (submitted by roman)
		Hideki Shirakawa Biography from Encyclopedia Britannica (submitted by www.britannica.com)
	almaz.com /nobel/chemistry/2000c.html (180 words)

	Hideki Shirakawa Winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
		Hideki Shirakawa — Nobel Lecture (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar)
		Hideki Shirakawa - Plastic can be made to conduct electricity (submitted by john)
		Hideki Shirakawa — Biography in english (submitted by roman)
	www.almaz.com /nobel/chemistry/2000c.html (180 words)

	Situs Web Kimia Indonesia \| Profil - Hideki Shirakawa, Seorang Kakek Biasa yang Menolak untuk Menerima Kegagalan
		Akhirnya setelah menunggu-nunggu sekian lama, rombongan kami berhasil berhadap-hadapan langsung dengan Hideki Shirakawa, penerima hadiah Nobel di bidang kimia pada tahun 2000.
		Hideki Shirakawa, usia 67, lahir dan dibesarkan di sebuah kota kecil di tengah-tengah pegunungan.
		Namun tidak peduli berapa kali pun dicoba, bubuk hitam yang diharapkan tidak berhasil mereka dapatkan.
	www.chem-is-try.org /?sect=profil&ext=9 (1049 words)

	Hypothesis: A Scientific Gap. Conclusion: Japanese Custom.
		Shirakawa, 65, reaching for a time-honored explanation for a widely perceived aversion to individual initiative.
		Shirakawa is diplomatic in raising the question of culture in evaluating why Japan, immensely rich with more than a century of universal education and the world's second largest economy, performs more like a modestly endowed middle-ranking country.
		In the last decade, however, Dr. Shirakawa was the only Japanese scientist to win a Nobel, for his work with other scientists to create a plastic that conducts electricity like a metal.
	classes.yale.edu /03-04/anth254a/article_bank/NYT_010807.htm (1376 words)

	Chemical Education International
		Shirakawa's office, in the General Council for Science and Technology in March, 2002.
		The intended readership of the interviews published in CEI are senior high school students who are at a point in their life where they must make decisions about their future career, or first year university students in science and technology who must begin to specialize in a chosen field of study.
		Shirakawa for his appreciation of the idea of this series of interviews and for kindly sparing us his precious time for the interview.
	www.iupac.org /publications/cei/vol3/0301x0an5.html (3363 words)

	History and Application of Conducting Polymers
		MacDiarmid, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania “co-discoverer of the field of conducting polymers, more commonly known as “synthetic metals,” was the chemist responsible in 1977 for the chemical and electrochemical doping of polyacetylene” (2).
		Shirakawa, who retired earlier this spring from the University of Tsukuba and was also awarded the Order of Culture by the Japanese Government in November 2000.
		This event led to Shirakawa being invited to the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia were he and MacDiarmid modified polyacetylene by oxidation with iodine vapour.
	webpages.charter.net /dmarin/coat (2614 words)

	Yokoso :: PMIJ - Hideki Shirakawa - Orang Jepang ke-9 Penerima Nobel
		Yokoso :: PMIJ - Hideki Shirakawa - Orang Jepang ke-9 Penerima Nobel
		Hideki Shirakawa, profesor emiritus yang berusia 64 tahun di Universitas Tsukuba, telah terpilih sebagai penerima Hadiah Nobel di bidang Kimia untuk tahun 2000.
		Pada tahun-tahun 1970-an, ketika Shirakawa seorang asisten di lnstitut Teknologi Tokyo, salah satu mahasiswanya menambahkan 1000 kali lebih banyak katalis pada waktu dilakukan percobaan sederhana untuk mengsintesakan sebuah polymer organik.
	www.pmij.org /index.php/content/view/80/41 (527 words)

	The Long and Winding Road to the Nobel Prize for Alan MacDiarmid - Almanac, Vol. 47, No. 8, 10/17/2000
		Hideki got it purer and purer by its elemental analysis but found that the purer it got, the more the conductivity decreased instead of increasing as we had expected!
		Alan said, he was probably crazy to get involved with some yucky, horrible polymer stuff; but he was brave enough, or foolish enough, to do so and we then had a very fruitful and exciting collaboration for about ten years.
		This award to to Alan Heeger and to Hideki Shirakawa and me is recognition of the work that we have done--each of us individually and together.
	www.upenn.edu /almanac/v47/n08/nobel2000.html (1381 words)

	Alan MacDiarmid, sometimes referred to as “the father” of the field of conducting polymers, more frequently ...
		His interest in organic conducting polymers began in 1975 when he was introduced to a new form of polyacetylene by Dr. Hideki Shirakawa at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.
		The ensuing collaboration between MacDiarmid, Shirakawa and Alan Heeger (then at the Department of Physics at the University of Pennsylvania) led to the historic discovery of metallic conductivity in an organic polymer.
		That an organic polymer could be readily doped to the metallic regime introduced a phenomenon, completely new and unexpected to both the chemistry and physics communities.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~macdiarm/Bio-Short.html (494 words)

	The Hindu : Prize for discovering conducting polymers
		At the beginning of the 1970s, the Japanese chemist Shirakawa found that it was possible to synthetisise polyacetylene in a new way, in which he could control the proportions of cis- and trans- isomers in the fl polyacetylene film that appeared on the inside of the reaction vessel.
		Shirakawa knew that the optical properties changed in the oxidation process and MacDiarmid suggested that they ask Heeger to have a look at the films.
		In the summer of 1977, Heeger, MacDiarmid, Shirakawa, and co- workers, published their discovery in the article "Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: Halogen derivatives of polyacetylene (CH)n" in The Journal of Chemical Society, Chemical Communications.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2000/10/19/stories/08190003.htm (1615 words)

	PM - Japan wins Nobel Prize for Chemistry
		One of the Japanese winners is Hideki Shirakawa, who was rewarded with the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2000 for his work creating a type of plastic that conducts electricity.
		HIDEKI SHIRAKAWA: In the development of science and technology it is very important to educate the person with creativity, originality and so on.
		HIDEKI SHIRAKAWA: To some extent, compared to the Western countries.
	www.abc.net.au /pm/stories/s427985.htm (660 words)

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