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Topic: Hierakonpolis

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	Ancient Egypt - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		By 3500 bc, the settlement of Hierakonpolis, located on the west bank of the Nile between Luxor and Aswān, had become a central site of Predynastic culture—that is, the culture that existed before the time of the first Egyptian dynasties, or families of rulers.
		It is possible that a center such as Hierakonpolis or Abydos, also in Upper Egypt, began to exert control over other settlements and that the unification of ancient Egypt was in reality the gradual growth of one center’s influence.
		This ruler, who also built a monument at Hierakonpolis, may have constructed a funerary monument at Şaqqārah (Sakkara) as well, thus paving the way for the establishment of the royal cemetery at that northern location.
	encarta.msn.com /text_461511156___3/Ancient_Egypt.html (3697 words)

	Comm Tech Lab - Projects - Digital Hierakonpolis Initiative
		Hierakonpolis (25°06'N, 32°46'E), or Nekhen as the ancient Egyptians called it, lies 650 kilometers south of Cairo and 113 Kilometers north of Aswan.
		While the Hierakonpolis expedition embraced the web as a medium for public outreach and education, new interactive projects such as Becoming Human and the Theban Mapping Project Interactive Atlas have raised the bar for immersive archaeologically inspired interactive applications.
		The Hierakonpolis Lithic Standards Project, which is the first proposed application of the Hierakonpolis Mobile Data Project, is designed to at least partially circumvent this problem.
	commtechlab.msu.edu /projects/dig_hier.html (1104 words)

	Egypt: Hierakonpolis, A Feature Tour Egypt Story
		Nekhen’s history begins around 4000 BCE, when local hunter-gatherers were joined by farming and herding "colonists." Recent explorations have shown that by 3500 BCE Hierakonpolis was the most important settlement along the Nile, a vibrant, bustling city stretching for over 2 miles along the edge of the floodplain.
		Hierakonpolis increased in population as it benefited from close contacts with Lower Nubia, giving the Hierakonpolis chieftains control of or at least access to trade routes to sub-Saharan Africa.
		The macehead of Scorpion and the palette and macehead of Narmer were found in 1898 by J.E. Quibell and F.W. Green at the "main deposit" of the temple of Horus in Hierakonpolis.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/hierakonpolis.htm (2155 words)

	The Waters of the Nile
		Like Edfu, Hierakonpolis was a major cult center for the worship of the god Horus; in fact, Hierakonpolis means "city of the falcon" in Greek.
		The year before Llewellyn traveled to Hierakonpolis, Walters, the archeologist and art historian, matched up pottery shards found at the site with pottery of a known age, and found that Hierakonpolis must be much older than previously thought.
		The Temple-Town Hierakonpolis Project is led by a team consisting of Elizabeth J. Walters, Ph.D., associate professor of art history;David P.Gold, Ph.D., professor emeritus of geology;Richard Parizek, Ph.D., professor of geosciences and geoenvironmental engineering; and Alexander.
	www.rps.psu.edu /0209/nile.html (3464 words)

	Newswise
		Hierakonpolis is the site of Egypt's first mummies, first temples and first industrial breweries, and scholars have long been working to unearth its secrets.
		"Hierakonpolis is the first site at which three widely separated and distinct cemeteries for the different classes of society have been found: elites, skilled middle class and laboring poor," said Friedman.
		Hierakonpolis is intimately associated with kingship and the birth of the ancient Egyptian state.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view?id=EGYPT.UAR (858 words)

	EgyptSites - Hierakonpolis
		Kom el-Ahmar, classical Hierakonpolis or ancient Nekhen is one of the most important Predynastic and Early Dynastic settlement areas of the Nile valley and the largest Predynastic site still extant in Egypt.
		Found in the temple enclosure at Hierakonpolis, it is the earliest surviving royal statue from Egypt.
		The first, the remains of the temple mound of the town of Nekhen was excavated by James Quibell and FW Green in the late 19th century.
	www.egyptsites.co.uk /upper/edfu/hierakonpolis.html (669 words)

	Scorpion King - History Forum
		Hierakonpolis was founded by about 3400 BC, and thus there was at least 150 years of rivalry between the two proto-kingdoms.
		The Horus-kings of Hierakonpolis probably migrated north and made Abydos their new capital, as further north, probably at Buto (ancient Egyptian, Pe), in the Delta, where Wadjyt, the Cobra-goddess was patron deity, the remnants of the followers of Seth took refuge.
		Hierakonpolis was established by about 3400 BC, but Ombos was established by about 3600 BC.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2871 (889 words)

	Hierakonpolis
		The rulers of Hierakonpolis were active in the wars between Upper and Lower Egypt around 3150 BCE, which were concluded with the unification of Egypt.
		Cemeteries stretch for a length of 3 km along the desert margin.
		Hierakonpolis' most famous structure today is a fort built from mud-brick, with some parts of the walls still standing with their original 19 metre height.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/hierakonpolis.htm (322 words)

	Hierakonpolis Online
		Well before the construction of the pyramids, Hierakonpolis was one of the largest urban centers along the Nile -- a vibrant, bustling city containing many of the features that would later come to typify Dynastic Egyptian civilization.
		Stretching for over 3 miles along the edge of the Nile flood plain, already by 3500 BC it was a city of many neighborhoods and quarters.
		Over a century of archaeological research, continuing with the present Hierakonpolis Expedition, has confirmed this vast site's central role in the transition from prehistory to history of the rise of early Egyptian civilization.
	www.hierakonpolis.org (196 words)

	Interactive Dig Hierakonpolis - Fixing the Fort
		Our winter 2004 season at Hierakonpolis is dedicated to translating this word into action as we begin the stabilization and repair of the imposing structure we call the Fort, actually the Ceremonial Enclosure of King Khasekhemwy and the oldest freestanding mud-brick monumental structure in the world.
		The standard explanation has been that during the shadowy and transitional period of the Second Dynasty Egypt was experiencing the first test of its unity, and in the second half of the dynasty the country was ruled by rival kings.
		Yet the Hierakonpolis Fort has many features that are unique, suggesting it may not simply be an initial version of a funerary enclosure.
	www.archaeology.org /interactive/hierakonpolis/fort.html (1898 words)

	Interactive Dig Hierakonpolis - Staff Profiles
		At Hierakonpolis, excavations have been going on for many years in several different parts of this vast site and study of this material is also on-going as we excavate the temple.
		She is here at Hierakonpolis studying the strange animals buried in the cemetery of the site's Predynastic elite (HK6)--elephant, baboons, and wild cattle (aurochs), the massive head of which she is shown holding, though what she is thinking is anyone's guess!
		From the six years of excavations at the working-class cemetery at Hierakonpolis (HK43) we recovered many burials that were laid on reed mats of several different types.
	www.he.net /~archaeol/interactive/hierakonpolis/staff.html (765 words)

	Egypt - Ancient Egypt
		By 3500 BC, the settlement of Hierakonpolis, located on the west bank of the Nile between Luxor and Aswan, had become a central site of Predynastic culture—that is, the culture that existed before the time of the first Egyptian dynasties, or families of rulers.
		This ruler, who also built a monument at Hierakonpolis, may have constructed a funerary monument at Saqqarah (Sakkara) as well, thus paving the way for the establishment of the royal cemetery at that northern location.
		Saqqarah was to serve as the royal cemetery for much of the Old Kingdom, a period that some scholars believe began with the 3rd Dynasty (about 2649-2575 BC) and others believe began with the 4th Dynasty (about 2575-2467 BC).
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/egypt/anceg.htm (4612 words)

	Detail Page
		Technical advances are evident in the pieces recovered in Hierakonpolis (both in stone and in faience), in Abydos and Helwan.
		The Oxford palette from Hierakonpolis is probably the earliest of this form, along with the Louvre fragment and the mace head of the Scorpion King.
		Of primary importance in the development of composition, of course, was the Narmer Palette, a green slate slab from Hierakonpolis originally intended to serve as a tablet on which cosmetics for the eyes were blended.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=EGY0102 (3258 words)

	Hierakonpolis Online
		Recent geological testing has shown that, until extensive land reclamation activities in the Classical period separated them, the two archaeological components were part of one contiguous expanding and contracting settlement over time.
		The present multinational Expedition to Hierakonpolis was begun in 1967 under the direction of the late Dr. Walter Fairservis, who was joined by the late
		The excavation of each locality serves to emphasize, each in its own way, the importance of Hierakonpolis for an understanding of the early history of Egypt.
	www.hierakonpolis.org /site/exploresite.html (243 words)

	[No title]
		The early “urban” centers of Naqada, Hierakonpolis and Abydos in Upper Egypt and the settlement center of Qustul, in Lower Nubia illustrate the emergence of the Upper Egyptian system and reveal that in the late predynastic period Egyptian civilization coalesced around a group of towns, each with its surrounding rural hinterland.
		Hierakonpolis was the largest Naqada III town, and was probably the dominant center during much of the later predynastic period.
		Later the Hierakonpolis leaders, either moved their capital to a new town Abydos (This), or other rulers established the new town and adopted the cult of Horus from Hierakonpolis.
	www.unm.edu /~gbawden/328-egpre3/328-egpre3.htm (2005 words)

	Hierakonpolis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Approximately 3,500 years ago, the Egyptian city of Hierakonpolis flourished between the present cities of Cairo and Aswan.
		Hierakonpolis, Greek for City of the Hawk, is an archaeological discovery covering over 144 square miles of rich archaeological sites making it a very valuable find.
		After Green left Hierakonpolis, few people bothered with excavating the site which remained intact and untouched under a fog of disregard until 1967.
	mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/egypt/archaeology/sites/hierakonpolis.html (475 words)

	Interactive Dig Hierakonpolis - Nubian Pottery
		The cultural attribution of some of the pottery at Hierakonpolis is still uncertain because of the peculiar, very fine sand and ash tempered fabric they all have.
		A grave similar to this was found in the elite cemetery at Hierakonpolis (HK6, Tomb 2), and it's also surrounded by cattle burials.
		The southernmost major town of predynastic Egypt, Hierakonpolis was probably an early capital city of Upper Egypt.
	www.he.net /~archaeol/interactive/hierakonpolis/nubian.html (839 words)

	USATODAY.com - Archaeologists unearth 5,600-year-old Egyptian tomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The team working for five years in the area of Kom El-Ahmar, known in antiquity as Hierakonpolis, excavated a complex thought to belong to a ruler of the ancient city who reigned around 3600 B.C. The find is significant because little is known about the early phase of Predynastic period.
		The grave sites at Kom El-Ahmar, 370 miles south of Cairo, appear to date to the early Naqada II era, when the settlement at Hierakonpolis was at its peak and the city was the largest urban center on the Nile.
		The complex, which is enclosed in a well-preserved wall of wooden posts, consists of a large rectangular tomb covered with the earliest known superstructure.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-04-21-egypt-tomb_x.htm (554 words)

	Ancient Egypt Magazine - Netfishing
		The remains of the ‘Southern Capital’ city of Hierakonpolis are certainly the most important of all the Pre-Dynastic sites that have been studied.
		It is apparent that the kings of Hierakonpolis made concerted efforts to conquer the Northern Kingdom of the Delta, and in this they were eventually successful.
		With the conquest of the Northern Kingdom of the Delta by the Kings of Hierakonpolis Egypt was finally unified and the Dynastic Period of Egyptian history could begin.
	www.ancientegyptmagazine.com /netfishing31.htm (748 words)

	Narmer Palette (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This commemorative slate palette was carved circa 3168 B.C. (Dynasty 0) for King Narmer and was found at Hierakonpolis.
		This palette may be commemorating the unification of Egypt; Narmer may in fact be Menes, the legendary unifier of Egypt.
		On the obverse side (right), one can observe that the circular depression where the cosmetic powder would have been ground has been retained though it is clearly not meant to be used.
	ist-socrates.berkeley.edu /~mah/narmer_palette.htm (93 words)

	The decorative palettes of the late fourth millennium
		The depictions of successful hunts or victories in battles on these palettes are sometimes interpreted as the fulfilment of the Egyptian wish for order, maat, but like many interpretations of ancient Egyptian behaviour this too is rather speculative.
		Many of these palettes have been found at Hierakonpolis, the political centre of Upper Egypt during the pre-dynastic period.
		The subsequent dynastic period witnessed the unification of the country, the shift of power downstream to Memphis and the complete disappearance of the decorative palettes from tomb assemblages.
	www.reshafim.org.il /ad/egypt/narmerspalette.htm (566 words)

	Marysia.com - Horus
		Horus (Hr) was the patron of the Nekhen (Hierakonpolis) monarchy that grew into the historical pharaonic state and hence, the first known national god.
		Perhaps the original northern Ra/Horus/Khenty-irty split in two when he was fused with the northern Horus/Nekhen leaving behind Ra of Heliopolis with the solar attributes of the original deity.
		A large ceremonial center was excavated out on the low desert near Hierakonpolis, which dates back to early Naqada II (Dynasty 0).
	www.marysia.com /pagan/horus.html (2337 words)

	INA Egypt
		Known as Nekhen to the ancient Egyptians, Hierakonpolis was Egypt's first capital and is located about midway between Aswan and Luxor.
		In the hundred years that archaeologists have excavated at Hierakonpolis, no one ever looked in the wadi assuming that whatever was there had been washed away long ago.
		rom Hierakonpolis we went back to the Mediterranean thanks to donations from The Amoco Foundation, Orascom, British Gas - Egypt, and private sponsors, to look for boats, this time underwater, off the fortress-temple built by Ramses II (1304-1237 B.C.) at Zawiet Umm al-Rakham on the ancient Libyan border.
	ina.tamu.edu /inaegypt.htm (1611 words)

	Ancient Egypt - Early cities; Abydos, Hierakonpolis, Buto
		Abydos, Thinis (This), Nekhen (Hierakonpolis), Nekheb, Buto (Edjo, Wadjet, Pe)
		At the site are three mounds of which two showed town remains and the third a temple enclosure, which fits in with the idea of a twin-city.
		Buto, or Pe, was the northern counterpart cult center in Lower Egypt to Nekhen (Hierakonpolis) in Upper Egypt, which was the southern one.
	www.philae.nu /akhet/FirstCities.html (1342 words)

	hierakon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Hierakonpolis (City of the Hawk), named Nekhen in ancient times, was the largest city in Egypt during it's prime.
		It was the city where the first Egyptian kings lived.
		Although a huge amount of discoveries have been made here, only a fraction of the site has been excavated.
	www.uwm.edu /Course/egypt/0100/LOCATS/hierakon.htm (176 words)

	Ancient Egypt - The Narmer Palette
		Three names circulate when trying to decide who was the uniter of the Two Lands into one country at the beginning of the state formation of ancient Eypt.
		(Gr: Hierakonpolis) where it appears in the form of the hieroglyphic sign which mean 'Catfish' n`r in later periods, and for 'chisel' m`r.
		The question then remains if he were partly a contemporary of Narmer and belonging to a royal house at Hierakonpolis rather than with the Thinite dynasty.
	www.philae.nu /akhet/AbydNarmer.html (2006 words)

	Egypt during the Archaic and Pre-dynastic Periods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The paintings in tomb N°100 of Hierakonpolis, like those on the knife of Gebel el Arak, show pictures of boats without sails or oars, some of lions, of dogs, and especially of wars between two peoples of identical appearance (except for their styles of hairdressing).
		Thus the king of South, Nesout, (which means the reed), protected by the vulture goddess Nekbet of El-Kab, took the white crown and moved to Hierakonpolis.
		Bouto became the political capital of the Delta, and Letopolis became the religious capital of the North; this city the Greeks later gave the name of Heliopolis.
	members.tripod.com /historel/egypt/05egypt.htm (1394 words)

	OVERVIEW OF GEOLOGICAL STUDIES AT THE ANCIENT HIERAKONPOLIS TEMPLE-TOWN SITE IN SOUTHERN EGYPT
		The historical wide fluctuations in the water table has been reduced to an essentially constant “high” stand, with unforeseen degradation to the foundations of all building constructed without a water barrier.
		A detailed study was initiated in 1997 to characterize geology and hydrology of the Ancient Temple-Town Site of Hierakonpolis, near Edfu in Southern Egypt.
		What remains of the settlement is buried in three small mounds, respectively 100 m, 400 m, and 60 m across, that rise up to 4 m above the Nile flood plain approximately 300 m north of the desert fringe.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_79756.htm (408 words)

	Detail Page
		The site of the city called Kekhen, named Hierakonpolis by the Greeks, to signify its long standing role as a cult center for Horus.
		Some very important archaeological finds were made at Hierakonpolis, including the Narmer Palette.
		A fort was found at Hierakonpolis, as well as a temple dating to the Early Dynastic or Old Kingdom historical periods.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=EGY0358 (116 words)

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