Hierarchical Temporal Memory

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Topic: Hierarchical Temporal Memory

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In the News (Sat 14 Nov 09)

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	Technology : Numenta, Inc.
		A white paper describing Hierarchical Temporal Memory is under development and will be posted here when ready (sign up for the Numenta Newsletter to be informed when the white paper becomes available).
		Numenta is building a new type of memory system, called Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM), modeled on Jeff Hawkins' theory of how the human neocortex works.
		HTM is "hierarchical" because it consists of memory modules connected in a hierarchical fashion.
	www.numenta.com /technology.php

	Jean-Luc Gaudiot
		Our HiDISC (Hierarchical Decoupled Instruction Set Computer) is the case study of a successful design which allows the efficient use of caches in applications which exhibit low temporal locality and promises to deliver low latency for general-purpose computing.
		This is proving to be a useful approach whether the memory latency is due to physical location (as in Networks of Workstations) or to the technology of the various memory layers.
		In contrast, our research in multithreading has shown that long memory latencies could also be masked behind the execution of other threads.
	www-rocq.inria.fr /a3/seminars/gaudiot_01_02.html

	SEMANTIC ORGANIZATION
		So, when hierarchical network models were revised into spreading activation models, the added assumptions corrected limitations at the expense of sacrificing precision.
		Such organization allows one to structure memory in such a way that it can later be searched more efficiently.
		Galambos and Rips (1982) discriminated between the premises that scripts can be organized according to the centrality of an activity in achieving a goal, or according to the temporal order of an activity.
	home.sandiego.edu /~taylor/semorg.htm (2091 words)

	DEPARTMENT COLLOQUIUM - Sridhar Mahadevan
		Perception, action, and memory are modeled in a unified way as temporally extended processes, amenable to adaptation and control by agents through a process of interactive learning with their environment.
		A general statistical framework based on hierarchical Markov models provides a theoretical underpinning for modeling temporally extended processes.
		Using recent developments in the field of machine learning and adaptive control, this talk will describe a general approach that uses hierarchical spatio-temporal abstraction to simplify the problem of deciding how to act.
	www.cs.umass.edu /csinfo/colloquia/DEPT/mahadevan.html (458 words)

	Philosophy
		'Hierarchical Temporal Memory' (HTM) claims to explain how our brains discover, infer, and predict patterns in the phenomenal world.
		Riding a bike cannot be recalled by declarative memory, because I can't remember how I balanced on a bike.
		First, there is the element of consciousness where we can say, 'I am here now.' This is akin to a declarative memory where you can actively recall doing something.
	www.aaai.org /AITopics/html/phil.html (7000 words)

	Translating Submachine Locality into Locality of Reference
		The simulation yields good hierarchy-conscious sequential algorithms from parallel ones, and provides evidence of the strict relation between submachine locality in parallel computation and locality of reference (both temporal and spatial) in the hierarchical memory setting.
		The design of algorithms exhibiting a high degree of temporal and spatial locality of reference is crucial to attain good performance on current and foreseeable computing systems featuring ever deeper memory hierarchies.
		Specifically, we present a scheme to simulate parallel algorithms designed for the Decomposable BSP (a BSP variant which captures submachine locality) on the Hierarchical Memory Model with Block Transfer.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/ipdps/2004/2132/01/2132toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/IPDPS.2004.1302947 (242 words)

	Numenta, Inc.
		Called Hierarchical Temporal Memory or HTM, this technology is based upon a theory of the neocortex described in a book titled On Intelligence, written by Jeff Hawkins (with co-author Sandra Blakeslee) and published in 2004.
		After On Intelligence was published, Numenta co-founder Dileep George implemented a mathematical formalism of the theory, leading us to believe that creating this type of memory in software is possible.
		The applications of this technology are broad and can be applied to solve problems in computer vision, artificial intelligence, robotics and machine learning.
	numenta.com (597 words)

	Saul Sternberg's Homepage
		Sternberg, S. & Knoll, R.L. (1985) Transformation of visual memory revealed by latency of rapid report.
		Sternberg, S. & Knoll, R. The perception of temporal order: Fundamental issues and a general model.
		Sternberg, S. (1966) High-speed scanning in human memory.
	www.psych.upenn.edu /~saul (597 words)

	Scalable Hierarchical Particle Algorithms for Galaxy Formation and Accretion Astrophysics, Final Report
		Primitives for problems using hierarchical algorithms on distributed memory machines.
		These phenomena are all characterized by multiple spatial and temporal scales which must be accounted for in an effort to gain insight into the nature of the astrophysical processes which shape their evolution.
		Essential to the transition to parallel computing is the existence of adaptable codes which will parallelize a variety of applications so that users only need to specify the ``physics'' of a problem and not the details of data structures, load balancing, interprocessor communication, etc. Our work has demonstrated real progress toward that goal.
	qso.lanl.gov /ESS/phase1_final.html (597 words)

	Annual Report 1999-2000
		Trend is often confounded with low frequency stochastic fluctuations, particularly in the case of models that can account for long memory dependence (slowly decaying auto-correlation) and non-stationary processes exhibiting quite significant low frequency components.
		We have developed both an approach to estimating trend at a given temporal scale and procedures for testing the presence of a trend, valid for a large range of assumptions.
		We now have developed the heart of the research program: to complement the mapping presented in the Atlas with new hierarchical spatial statistical models for environmental indicators on the streams and rivers that capture the spatial variation in the measures.
	www.nrcse.washington.edu /AnnualReport/ar9900.html (10314 words)

	Amazon.com: The Psychology of Music, Second Edition (Cognition and Perception): Books: Diana Deutsch
		In Chapter 10, Deutsch discusses feature abstraction and its neural substrates, local vs. global processing, hierarchical encoding, memory for music, and a thorough review of the various auditory illusions and paradoxes that Deutsch has been studying for more than 20 years.
		The third entry new to this edition is Bharucha's "Neural nets, temporal composites, and tonality." Neural nets have demonstrated (with varying degrees of success) learning of pitch class, chords, keys, and musical style, and provide "a framework in which aspects of cognition can be understood as the result of the neural association of patterns" (p.
		Chapter 9 by Deutsch surveys the literature on auditory scene analysis, stream segregation, and the attempts to find auditory correlates to the Gestalt principles of visual grouping.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0122135652?v=glance (2073 words)

	GlikGlik.com: Numen ta Spare
		His startup Numenta, Inc. wants to use "Hierarchical Temporal Memory" to imbue machines with the function of the newest, brightest part of the human brain, the neocortex.
		Jeff "PalmPilot" Hawkins has numen (creative genius) by the yottabyte.
	glikglik.blogspot.com /2005/03/numen-ta-spare.html (2073 words)

	Cluster 2004 Abstract: Hierarchical Bloom Filter Arrays (HBA): A Novel, Scalable Metadata Management System for Large Stora
		One array, with lower accuracy and representing the distribution of the entire metadata, trades accuracy for significantly reduced memory overhead, while the other, with higher accuracy, caches partial distribution information and exploits the temporal locality of file access patterns.
		We present a novel technique called HBA (Hierarchical Bloom Filter Arrays) metadata management that has the advantages of the above three schemes while avoiding their disadvantages.
		Cluster 2004 Abstract: Hierarchical Bloom Filter Arrays (HBA): A Novel, Scalable Metadata Management System for Large Stora
	grail.sdsc.edu /cluster2004/Abstracts/abstract_139.html (271 words)

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