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Topic: Hierarchical organization

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	Hierarchical organization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hierarchy originally meant "rule by priests", and it is from the organization of hierarchical churches such as the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, that the name of this concept arises.
		In these organizations, the pope or patriarch was the highest visible part of the hierarchy, with God as the nominal top of the hierarchy.
		Hierarchies and hierarchical thinking has been criticized by many people, including Susan McClary and one branch of political philosophy which is vehemently opposed to hierarchical organisation: the libertarian socialist branch of anarchism is generally opposed to hierarchical organization in any form of human relations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hierarchical_organization (702 words)

	Computer Aids for VLSI Design
		Nevertheless, a proper hierarchical organization is more difficult to obtain than is a leaf-cell layout, because it embodies the essence of the overall circuit and captures the intentions of the designer.
		The opposite of top-down hierarchical organization is, of course, bottom-up.
		When hierarchical organization is viewed as a tree, the branching factor is the average number of splits that are made at any point.
	www.rulabinsky.com /cavd/text/chap01-2.html (2867 words)

	Request-Response-Result
		Hierarchical organization is universally used in a wide range of studies and other human endeavors.
		That this is the case is alarming, in view of the understanding of hierarchical organization reflected in the literature,.
		Hierarchical organization is the natural process in writing an essay, planning one's activities, taking notes, studying, outlining and many other activities.
	www.hawaii.edu /suremath/essentialRRR.html (1068 words)

	[No title]
		In Chapter 8 it was concluded that organization is one of the primary factors driving the depth vs. breadth trade-off and that menu organization is important both within and between menu frames.
		The hierarchical structure of a book for example, is represented in the table of contents, the network of communication between friends may be represented in a graph, etc. The inherent organization within a set of terms should be apparent to the user and should be structured in the appropriate way.
		Organization of menu items must rely on the semantic knowledge of the designer who is hopefully an expert in the task domain.
	www.lap.umd.edu /POMS/chapter11/chapter11.html (6184 words)

	Learning by imitation: A hierarchical approach
		Hierarchical organizations of control, he showed, are easier than linear ones to repair when they fail, allow the economy of multiple access to common subroutines, and combine efficient local action at low hierarchical levels while maintaining the guidance of an overall structure.
		Hierarchical processes are considered to underlay the emergence of symbolic abilities in children, and simple physical relationships between objects, like in-ness, on-ness, between-ness, or together-ness, are often found to lie at the core of this early hierarchical behaviour.
		Hierarchical organization is pervasive in the nervous system, and has long been believed to apply to the coding of behaviour.
	www.bbsonline.org /documents/a/00/00/04/39/bbs00000439-00/bbs.byrne.html (15861 words)

	An example of hierarchyless organization
		It appears that Hall discusses organizations from the standpoint of what is the status quo of organizational patterns, and therefore by explaining about the patterns of the majority of existent organizations (as opposed to trends that are currently developing new organizational patterns), which is obviously a picture in which hierarchy is predominant.
		It is my intuition (from personal experience) that an organization's lower participants have less potential and actual benefits to enjoy in a hierarchical organization then they would in an organization in which they were equal participants and vested shareholders.
		Such approach transpires clearly from Gore's organizational structure, in which 25% of the company shares are owned by the employees, and where successful employees, that in a hierarchical organization may be mere lower participants, can become millionaires.
	www.nevada.edu /~giorgio/courses/hierarchyless.htm (4589 words)

	Organization (Decide how to organize your web site)
		Using the hierarchical organization is much like the technique used when creating an organizational chart for a company.
		Organizing information in a hierarchical structure, you present a first group of equally important topics, followed by another group of equally important topics, and so on.
		Using webbed organization is an easy way to have your visitors leave your site feeling lost or disoriented, they don't know where they are or where they have been.
	www.aota.net /HTML/organization.php4 (536 words)

	CAN INDEPENDENT TEACHERS’ CULTURE EXIST IN HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM IN SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONS
		Therefore, it is said that a school organization is the one of the most conservative and hierarchical organizations in Korea.
		To meet the society�s need, school organizations intensify the abilities to help students to get university admission, and to achieve this goal efficiently school organizations are trying to do their best to gather all power in schools.
		Hierarchical system with the seniority can reduce the generation gap among teachers, which means that younger teachers usually follow older teachers� directions and manners without resistance.
	www.msu.edu /~kimkap/data/pls812-1.htm (5489 words)

	Parsons & Thoms
		We previously demonstrated that macroinvertebrate assemblages were arranged hierarchically at the region, cluster within region, reach within cluster and riffle within reach scales, with region and reach being the strongest signatures.
		The hierarchical pattern of large, region-level and local, reach-level macroinvertebrate distribution was matched by a large catchment-scale and local reach-scale of environmental influence.
		Hierarchical understanding of river ecosystem organization will enhance river conservation and management because it facilitates a holistic, ecosystem perspective rather than a partial, single-scale, single-component or single-discipline perspective.
	www.geog.buffalo.edu /~rensch/binghamton/abstracts/melissa_parsons.htm (448 words)

	Learning Organization
		traditional highly structured and hierarchical organization to the dynamic business team, which cuts across traditional organizational boundaries, to be thiny and smart learning organization, a new form of flatened corporate layers and at the same time are changing the way people work.
		The open networked organization what PT Telkom pursued is based on cooperative, multidiciplinary teams and business networked together across the enterprise and linked to the external customer and partners.
		The main factor of the learning organization is in organizations way to process their managerial experiences become a ‘common used’ knowledge, thereby the ability of an organization is not measured by what it knows, that is the product of learning, but rather by how it learns, the process of learning.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Galaxy/2853/LearningOrg.htm (784 words)

	King Summary
		To investigate, using multi-agent system simulation, whether hierarchical organization of ecological systems is an emergent property in which higher-level organization results from local interactions among lower-level agents, and how environmental perturbation is transmitted through self-organized hierarchical structure.
		(1) Hierarchical organization of ecological systems is an emergent property, and higher-level organization and function emerge from interactions among lower level agents; (2) Hierarchical organization buffers the higher-level system from lower-level perturbations, and only those lower-level perturbations that alter system organization are likely to cause observable change at the whole-system level.
		A rigorous theory of ecological organization is an important contribution to the development of those models.
	per.ornl.gov /King.html (320 words)

	Notes Help (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If the name you are adding is in a different hierarchical organization than that of the server that stores the database, you must enter the full hierarchical name for the user; for example John Smith/Sales/Acme.
		If the name of the person you're adding and the server that stores the database are in the same hierarchical organization, you need to enter only the common name component of the hierarchical name, for example John Smith; however, use of the full hierarchical name is recommended to ensure tighter name security.
		When employees leave an organization, a Notes administrator should remove their names from all groups in the Public Address Book and add them to the group used for terminations which is denied access to servers.
	www.holyoke.org:81 /help4.nsf/93230c7de8f6e1f8852563c000631dcb/329c877e33d27f02852563e800698e1b?OpenDocument (895 words)

	Hierarchical Clustering of Document Archives with the Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map
		However, it does not focus on providing a hierarchical organization of data as all data are organized on one single flat map.
		Next, we present the hierarchical organization of the newspaper articles and the various topical sections discovered in Section 3.
		With the Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map, a dynamically growing hierarchical extension to the Self-Organizing Map, we are able to provide a hierarchical organization of topics, where each topic is assigned the required map space according to its prominence in a document archive.
	www.ifs.tuwien.ac.at /ifs/research/pub_html/dit_icann01/icann01.html (2000 words)

	Police Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One look at the tall-ness of the organization chart tells you this, and you can also infer that certain organizational principles like chain of command are going to be important in tall organizations.
		A non-hierarchical organization would be a hippie-style democratic commune, and those are rarely found in modern, complex (absorbing conflicts from many sources) organizations.
		Either the organization is said to be inflexible and unresponsive to changing needs and times; or it is believed to stifle creativity and self-realization of staff.
	faculty.ncwc.edu /toconnor/205/205lect07.htm (1678 words)

	Hierarchical Window Organization: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hierarchical window organization supports users structuring their work environment according to tasks.
		The hierarchical organization of windows allows users to map their task hierarchy onto the nested rectangle tree structure.
		The hierarchical layout clearly indicates the semantic relationship between the contents of the windows by the spatial cues in the organization of windows.
	www.cs.umd.edu /hcil/elastic-windows/node5.html (138 words)

	SEMANTIC ORGANIZATION
		Such organization allows one to structure memory in such a way that it can later be searched more efficiently.
		So, when hierarchical network models were revised into spreading activation models, the added assumptions corrected limitations at the expense of sacrificing precision.
		Galambos and Rips (1982) discriminated between the premises that scripts can be organized according to the centrality of an activity in achieving a goal, or according to the temporal order of an activity.
	home.sandiego.edu /~taylor/semorg.htm (2091 words)

	Video and Audio: Organization and Retrieval in the WWW
		Hierarchical access methods, such as the Gopher-like[1] menu and organization, is supported through the appropriate construction of hyperlinks in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)[5] documents.
		The hierarchical information can be displayed along with the video to provide the user a view of the overall structure of the video.
		Hierarchical access enables a non-linear view of video and audio, and facilitates greatly the browsing of video and audio materials.
	choices.cs.uiuc.edu /Papers/New/www5/www5.html (3386 words)

	Learning Skills Program - Organization Practice -- Heirarchical Outline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The birds off the coast are affected by the shutting off of their food supply, and the warm current often carries torrential downpours which cause terrific floods.
		Click here to see an example of how the information in this paragraph could be organized.
		When you are done, set your work aside, so you can't see it, and try to reproduce it from memory, to see how well it helps you to remember and understand the material.
	www.coun.uvic.ca /learn/program/hndouts/class4.html (217 words)

	A Dynamically Formed Hierarchical Agent Organization for a Distributed Content Sharing System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The organization and collaborative protocols of agent societies are becoming increasingly important with the growing size of agent networks.
		This paper develops and analyzes a hierarchical agent group formation protocol to build a hybrid organization for large-scale content sharing system as well as a content-aware distributed search algorithm to take advantage of such an organization.
		During the organization formation process, the agents manage their agent-view structures to form a hierarchical topology in an incremental fashion.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/iat/2004/2101/00/2101toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/IAT.2004.1342940 (258 words)

	Early Specification of the Hierarchical Organization of Visual Cortical Areas in the Macaque Monkey -- ...
		Baizer JS, Ungerleider LG, Desimone R (1991) Organization of visual inputs to the inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex in macaques.
		Felleman DJ, Xiao Y, McClendon E (1997b) Modular organization of occipito-temporal pathways: cortical connections between visual area 4 and visual area 2 and posterior inferotemporal ventral area in macaque monkey.
		Gattass R, Sousa APB, Gross CG (1988) Visuotopic organization and extend of V3 and V4 of the macaque.
	cercor.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/12/5/453 (7245 words)

	Hierarchical Self-Organization in the Finitary Process Soup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Abstract: Current analyses of genomes from numerous species show that the diversity of an organismâs functional and behavioral characters is not proportional to the number of genes that encode the organism.
		We investigate the hypothesis that the diversity of organismal character is due to hierarchical organization.
		Here we show that global complexity in the finitary process soup is due to the emergence of successively higher levels of organization, that the hierarchical structure appears spontaneously, and that the process of structural innovation is facilitated by the discovery and maintenance of relatively noncomplex, but general individuals in a population.
	www.comdig.org /print_article.php?id_article=24313 (158 words)

	Instructional Technology Consultants: Tutorials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Commonly used organizational techniques are hierarchical, linear, and textbook oriented, to name three.
		In this tutorial, we will consider hierarchical organization because that is the organizational technique most readily supported by virtually all computer systems.
		She will, however, be aware of issues surrounding the relationship of course material organization to the organizational design of Blackboard and a web site.
	core.ecu.edu /vel/itc/tutorials/onlinedelivery.htm (1069 words)

	Hierarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		creation of enterprise-wide organizational charts, to aggregating data from disparate data sources, streamlining workflow, improving hierarchy management, and...
		Since hierarchical churches such as the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches had tables of organization that were "hierarchical" in the modern sense of the word, the term came to refer to more general organizational methods.
		Many aspects of the world are analyzed, arguably fruitfully, from a hierarchical perspective.
	www.gay-village.wikiverse.org /hierarchy (1082 words)

	Web Page Design - Structure of the Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The hierarchical organization of Web sites/pages is the most common arrangement and provides for the entry point (Home Page) which has links to other major pages on the site.
		In linear organization, the structure of Web pages is such that links are made in a logical way from page to page.
		However, it should be noted that the most popular organization is the hierarchical structure combined with Interconnected structure.
	www.iucnrosa.org.zw /work/vesats/m4/m4des-1.htm (394 words)

	[No title]
		Section 3 is for the introduction of the hierarchical model and its formulation.
		Nor are the notion of hierarchical structure in indicators and the notion of hierarchical organization.
		The concept of networked organizations is only an add-on or an extension that may occur at any level or all levels of management.
	www.csulb.edu /~tnnguyen/smc99paper.doc (1938 words)

	WebReference.com - Part 2 of chapter 5 from Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, 2nd Edition. From O'Reilly ...
		Organization structure plays an intangible yet very important role in the design of web sites.
		Major organization structures that apply to web site and intranet architectures include the hierarchy, the database-oriented model, and hypertext.
		Because hierarchies provide a simple and familiar way to organize information, they are usually a good place to start the information architecture process.
	www.webreference.com /authoring/design/information/iawww/chap5/2 (543 words)

	Hierarchical Organization of Robots: A Social Simulation Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There are distinct literatures on the simulation of hierarchical organization of robots and the simulation of emerging or alternative structures of social organizations.
		The robotics literature does not consider purposive development of organizational structures by robots while the emergence of such structures in simulation models of simple agents is the meat and drink of computational organization theory.
		In this paper, we motivate and report simulation experiments within a canonical task environment to assess the benefits from introducing richer organizational structures to control essentially simple but fallible robot-type agents.
	cfpm.org /cpmrep36.html (104 words)

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