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Topic: Hierarchy of roads

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	PACTS Parliamentary Briefing–5 June 2003
		In addition, "it would be intended in the longer term to develop an urban hierarchy of roads to provide clearer guidance in this area, in a similar manner to that proposed for rural roads" (paragraph 6.29).
		These are the roads that motorised traffic would be encouraged to use in order to reduce the likelihood of crashes involving vehicles and vulnerable road users.
		Residential roads are roads where speed limits would be lower (maximum 20mph) on which schools, houses, shops and local facilities are likely to be found.
	www.pacts.org.uk /parliament/briefings/urbanhierarchybriefing.htm (1037 words)

	Hierarchy of roads - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These are followed by collectors (not to be confused with collector/distributor roads, which reduce weaving on freeways), which act to collect traffic from local roads and distribute it to arterials.
		Roads have been distinguished by function probably since their beginning, and the hierarchy of roads was firmly established by the time of the Roman Empire.
		Frontage roads are often used to reduce the conflict between the high-speed nature of an arterial and property access concerns.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hierarchy_of_roads (547 words)

	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Projects
		Since 1990, new roads were developed, existing roads improved, and new points of economic opportunity, such as towns, were developed that changed the accessibility equilibrium and hence altered the pattern of deforestation and the nature of agricultural extensification and intensification at the household-level in these newly accessible sites.
		Along this road network, the population is distributed through direct and indirect connections, where the road network provides a spatial linkage between targets and receptors through the creation of an accessibility pathway for moving people and resources between places.
		In a second case, a gravel road connects to an all weather road as the pathway of connection from a household to a town.
	www.unc.edu /depts/geog/lcsal/ecuador_po.html (2369 words)

	Field_School
		The later portions of the road (between Stevens Creek and the Cowlitz Divide) are an integral part of the NHL District.
		Although this construction is not typical of prewar park road design, even these sections are included in the NHL District because they are integral to the overall character of the road corridor, and are a logical extension of the principles of NPS road construction.
		Given that the centerline of the route follows the alignment of the road during the period of significance, and since almost all of the major structures associated with the road are original, it can be said to have excellent integrity overall to the period of significance.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~landarch/mora2004/2_SCH.htm (1056 words)

	PRC's Hebei Province on the Road to Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Although the PRC's road network has grown by more than 70% since 1985, most of the roads in the network have inadequate capacity and are too weak structurally to carry current and projected traffic levels.
		The project also upgraded 232 km of county connecter roads, constructed 121 km of village access roads feeding into the county connector roads, and built 12 km of interchange links to connect the expressway with the road networks adjoining the expressway.
		The village access roads, which are connected to the county connector roads of the project, have provided more than 156,000 rural people from 168 villages direct access to the main activity centers and the overall road network.
	www.adb.org /media/Articles/2005/8080_PRC_economic_growth (975 words)

	Hierarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A hierarchy is based on an asymmetrical relationship, such as "is the boss of", "is part of", or "is better than".
		Hierarchies are important for categorization and organization of large numbers of objects.
		Hierarchies are used very extensively in computer science and information theory; here are a few examples.
	hierarchy.kiwiki.homeip.net (1267 words)

	Lutr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The city dispose of an excellent road connection to Lisbon and Madrid as well good road accessibilities to the north and south of the country.
		Structuring the city around the historical centre based on a hierarchy of roads and green area corridors.
		Road traffic plan aiming to make the access to city centre difficult and ease the egress.
	www.lutr.net /city.asp?id=66 (165 words)

	Hierarchy of roads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		At the top of the hierarchy are limited access roads or freeways, including most toll roads.
		Some freeways have collector/distributor roads or even more extensive local lanes (also known as collector/distributor lanes) which further reduce the number of access ramps that directly interface with the freeway, rather the freeway periodically interfaces with these parallel roadways, which themselves have multiple on and off-ramps.
		The next level are arterials, In general arterials are major through roads that are expected to carry large volumes of traffic.
	hierarchy-of-roads.kiwiki.homeip.net (479 words)

	Urban Safety Hierarchy Bill - Full text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Similar average speed reductions on urban roads with low average speeds resulted in accident reductions of 6 per cent.
		The concept of an urban hierarchy of roads was raised in the Government’s road safety strategy, Tomorrow’s Roads: Safer for Everyone (DETR 2000).
		This clearly links improvements in road safety with those in quality of life for local communities, a linkage that was also identified in the road safety strategy.
	www.transport2000.org.uk /news/UrbanSafetyHierarchyBillNotes.htm (1023 words)

	EPAT: Curitiba's Strategic Approach to Urban Planning
		The road hierarchy system is another element of Curitiba's planning system.
		There are arterial structural roads that are at the core of five growth corridors.
		On lower capacity roads that are well served by public transportation, the city permits floor space up to four times plot size.
	www.wisc.edu /epat/.energy/.metro/.format/.urban.html (1066 words)

	Roads
		Bland Shire Council maintains 3,019 kilometres of roads that vary from formed natural surfaces to two land sealed rural and urban roads.
		Roads are classified into service levels according to raod usage, if they are sealed or unsealed and required funding levels.
		For further information on Council's roads, including the Roads Hierarchy and Services Levels, please contact Council on 02 6972 2266 or council@blandshire.nsw.gov.au.
	www.blandshire.nsw.gov.au /roads.html (99 words)

	Hierarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A hierarchy (in Greek hieros, sacred, and arkho, rule) is a system of ranking and organizing things.
		The first usage in the Oxford English Dictionary for Hierarchy is from 1380, where it was used in reference to the three orders of three angels as depicted by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite.
		Hierarchies can be generally divided into two kinds: those where the upper levels of the Hierarchy are superior to the lower in some way, and those where the lower levels are contained in the upper, again in different ways.
	hierarchy.iqnaut.net (1297 words)

	Street hierarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It can be seen as an arrangement of hierarchy of roads that embeds the hierarchy (importance of different roads) in the network topology (the connectivity of the nodes to each other).
		Whereas arterial roads in a traditional grid plan are connected by dozens of through streets, the street hierarchy completely eliminates all straight-line connections between arterials.
		In the latter, use of the street hierarchy is a nearly universal characteristic of the "edge city," a roughly post-1970 form of urban development exemplified by places such as Tysons Corner, Virginia and Schaumburg, Illinois.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Street_hierarchy (1530 words)

	2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Backage Road –A local road that is used to provide alternative access to a road with higher functional classification; backage roads typically run parallel with the main route and provide access at the back of a line of adjacent properties.
		Frontage Road –A local road that is used to provide alternative access to property from a road with higher functional classification; frontage roads typically run parallel to the mainline road and provide access at the front of a line of adjacent properties.
		Road –For the purposes of this document, a transportation facility extending from one community to another.
	www.boonville-mo.org /city/codes/accessplan.htm (5525 words)

	Laramie County Community College Area Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A new hierarchy of roads will be designed so that the existing campus loop road serves as the primary corridor.
		The south loop road will be realigned as a secondary loop road, and a new secondary loop road will be constructed around the LCCC Arena to service the proposed athletic events center and new north parking areas.
		Establish a hierarchy of primary and secondary vehicular corridors.
	www.lccc.cc.wy.us /planning/cars_people.php (270 words)

	Mn/DOT - Access management
		Before approving a subdivision or rezoning,consider what road design and improvements will be needed to support the development and link it to the surrounding area.
		Recognize that the greatest access control is needed for those roads intended to serve longer, higher speed trips.
		should be accessed via a system of parallel local roads and side streets that complement the state highway system.
	www.oim.dot.state.mn.us /access/10ways.html (374 words)

	Cornwall County Council - Route Hierarchy
		Trunk roads, non-core virtually detrunked roads, and County roads forming part of the Primary Route Network, which cater for through and long distance traffic.
		Other roads serving the larger villages, of up to 3,000 population, or providing access for traffic which is predominantly of a local nature.
		Planning and managing the network effectively is central to delivering integrated transport services to the County, especially as road traffic will remain the principal form of transportation for the majority of journeys.
	www.cornwall.gov.uk /index.cfm?articleid=6067 (350 words)

	Ch19
		A typical approach to establishing the road network for a market site is to provide a continuous peripheral road system or "ring road", with the buildings located within the centre of the block.
		By using minor loop roads or branches (cur-de-sacs) that penetrate within the block, the size of the area served by the ring road can be increased and individual facilities can be directly served by the road system.
		At this stage in the design process a hierarchy of roads should be established, reflecting the different intensity of use of facilities.
	www.fao.org /docrep/T0521E/T0521E0j.htm (2621 words)

	Ch20
		The main characteristics of the road system will have been established during the site planning process described in Chapter 13 A hierarchy of roads will have been defined and the number of parking spaces at peak periods calculated.
		A high standard of road construction is always required in markets and the road pavement should be designed on the basis of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) data for wet conditions, obtained during the site investigations, and the peak projected traffic levels (usually expressed as standard 8,200kg axle loads).
		Roads would be usually provided with integral side gutters and precast concrete herbs.
	www.fao.org /docrep/T0521E/T0521E0k.htm (4241 words)

	Parking
		Transportation planners typically establish a hierarchy of roads depending on the speed and amount of traffic.
		In this section the lane and median widths for an arterial road are shown.
		Loop roads and cul-de-sac streets that are 20'-26' wide can accommodate 2,500 trips per day at speeds of 25 mph.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /communityresearch/parking.htm (2924 words)

	Roads hierarchy - Buckinghamshire County Council
		A roads, primary non-trunk roads and non-primary (principal) roads
		The funding of improvements and structural maintenance of all ‘A’ roads is provided by the Government as 'capital funding' following an annual bid from Buckinghamshire County Council through the Local Transport Plan (LTP) process.
		Road conditions are continually assessed and maintenance improvements are undertaken on a priority basis based upon the annual survey results.
	www.buckscc.gov.uk /bcc/content/index.jsp?contentid=-236089093 (214 words)

	SP 3. Overall Strategy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The forms and standards of provision of new development are postulated at a gross level thus enabling estimates to be made of the approximate amount of land and of the site characteristics required by these site seeking uses.
		The Structure Plan seeks to create a hierarchy of roads in which each element of the hierarchy has a particular function.
		The highest element in the hierarchy is the arterial network: this takes fast, heavy, longer distance flows and feeds these to the next level in the hierarchy, the distributor roads, and so on down the hierarchy to local roads and access roads.
	www.mepa.org.mt /planning/sp_3.htm (2661 words)

	Nrb Suburbs Part 2: Historic Residential Suburbs: Guidelines for Evaluation and Documentation for the National Register ...
		The Picturesque suburb with its plat of curvilinear streets and roads, the product of the Romantic landscape movement, became the means by which upper-income city dwellers sought to satisfy their aspiration for a suburban home within commuting distance of the city.
		The second was good roads and walks laid out in gracefully curved lines to "suggest leisure, contemplativeness, and happy tranquility," and the third was the subdivision of lots in irregular shapes.
		Radburn's hierarchy of roads not only afforded the benefits of safety and convenience, but also significantly reduced construction costs by limiting the amount of space occupied by streets and enabling the use of smaller water and sewer mains.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nR/publications/bulletins/suburbs/part2.htm (13427 words)

	EPAT: Entire Document as Single File for downloading and printing
		The first significant changes in the transportation system began in 1974 with implementation of the road hierarchy and land use control system.
		Figure 2 shows that the structural corridors are triple road systems with the central road having two restricted lanes dedicated to express buses.
		Curitiba's complementary pattern of roads, densities, and human uses is similar to the organic pattern of pre-nineteenth century growth in many cities.
	www.wisc.edu /epat/.energy/.metro/.entire.html (17214 words)

	Many Roads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Many Roads, One Journey: By Charlotte Davis Kasl, Ph.D.
		She also shares her own concept of 16 steps for discovery and empowerment; and finding/forming a group to fit your needs in recovery.
		The section finished with a discussion on moving beyond hierarchy and addiction.
	www.unhooked.com /booktalk/many_roads.htm (358 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| BUSINESS > Metro Manila arterial roads too dangerous in 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		OVER 13,000 traffic accidents were recorded on Metro Manila’s arterial roads in 2005, according to data presented during the third Road Safety Conference organized by the Automobile Association Philippines (AAP), the National Center for Transportation Studies of the University of the Philippines (UP-NCTS), and Toyota Motor Philippines Corp.
		Sigua explained that the hierarchy of roads in urban areas involves expressways, arterial roads, collector streets and local streets.
		In Metro Manila, the seven arterials are the R10 Road, Quezon Avenue, C-3 Road, Commonwealth Avenue, C-5 Road, Marcos Highway and EDSA.
	manilatimes.net /national/2006/feb/14/yehey/business/20060214bus14.html (306 words)

	Chapter 8
		Standards should be devised on the number of entrances allowed on various types of roads, setbacks, and densities to be used by towns as guidelines in establishing zoning and building controls.
		A first step is the designation of roads according to the amount of traffic flow...a hierarchy of collector routes, distributor routes, and through routes.
		This road would reduce traffic through the village center and act as a buffer between the village and new development to the west.
	www.link75.org /mmb/Cybrary/mmbaystudy/8.htm (12027 words)

	Roanoke Daily Herald
		Last year was the first year DOT in Halifax County used the combination of salt and water, which is used to pre-treat roads and dissolves snow and ice as it falls to the pavement.
		Battling snow and ice-covered roads has become easier in recent years, Shaw said, as new technologies emerge.
		DOT is responsible for a hierarchy of roads that begins with Interstate 95, then U.S. highways, N.C. highways and state roads.
	www.rrdailyherald.com /articles/2005/12/19/news/news2.txt (404 words)

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