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Hiero II of Syracuse

Hiero I of Syracuse

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	Royal Family of Syracuse (Hiero II)
		Hiero had observed that the dispatch of a Syracusan army on an expedition under the command of the supreme magistrates invariably resulted in quarrels among the leaders and the outbreaks of revolutionary activity of some kind.
		This Hiero made an alliance with Pyrrhus the son of Aeacides, sealing it by the marriage of Gelo his son and Nereis the daughter of Pyrrhus.
		Hiero is in the first place a more interesting subject [than his grandson Hieronymos] because he established himself as the ruler of Syracuse and her allies entirely through his own abilities, for he owed neither wealth, nor reputation nor anything else to Fortune.
	www.mcs.drexel.edu /~crorres/Archimedes/Family/Hiero.html (1968 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hiero II of Syracuse
		Hiero II, tyrant of Syracuse from 270 to 215 BC, was the illegitimate son of a Syracusan noble, Hierocles, who claimed descent from Gelo.
		Hiero at once joined the Punic leader Hanno, who had recently landed in Sicily; but being defeated by the consul Appius Claudius Caudex, he withdrew to Syracuse.
		Pressed by the Roman forces, in 263 he was compelled to conclude a treaty with Rome, by which he was to rule over the south-east of Sicily and the eastern coast as far as Tauromenium (Polybius i.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hiero-II-of-Syracuse (1198 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Sicily
		Gelon's brother Hiero being master of Gela and married to the daughter of Theon, tyrant of Acragas, Hiero succeeded him and defeated the Etruscans, enemies of the Cumani (474).
		Roger was succeeded by his son, Roger II, who in 1127 on the death of William II, became master of all the Norman territory and obtained from the anitpope Anacletus II (1130) the title of King of Sicily, which title was confirmed by Innocent II.
		Philip II (1578) sought to have the "Monarchia Sicula" confirmed, but did not succeed, notwithstanding which, in 1579, he established the office of the "judex monarchiae siculae", who in the king's name, exercised all the rights derived from the privilege of the Legation, and prohibited appeals to Rome from the decisions of that tribunal.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13772a.htm (5324 words)

	Greek statesmen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Alexander, born in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia, was the son of Philip II, king of Macedonia, and of Olympias, a princess of Epirus.
		Hiero, known for his military craft, had, before his accession to power, distinguished himself at the battle of Himera in 480 BC.
		Hiero's military successes against the Mamertines in 270 BC resulted in his election as tyrant by the grateful citizens of Syracuse.
	www.geocities.com /greek_statesmen (11400 words)

	AllRefer.com - Hiero II (Ancient History, Greece, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		B.C.) that he was made commander in chief of the Syracusans and was later chosen (c.265
		Hiero then entered into a treaty with the Romans, which recognized his dominion over SE Sicily and the east coast to Tauromenium (Taormina).
		Hiero faithfully abided by the terms of the peace.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Hiero2.html (263 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Hiero I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hiero I (died 466 bc), tyrant of ancient Syracuse (478-466 bc), successor to his brother Gelon.
		Hiero, known for his military craft, had, before his...
		Warfare between Rome and Carthage began in the Sicilian city of Messina.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Hiero_I.html (192 words)

	Island ortigia Photo syracuse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Soon after Hiero's death a democracy was again established; it lasted from 466 BC to 406 BC During this period Syracuse extended its control over E Sicily and defeated an Athenian expedition (begun in 415 BC by Alcibiades) in a great land and sea battle (414 BC).
		Hiero's reign was relatively peaceful and prosperous, but after his death Syracuse suffered catastrophically when it abandoned its traditional ally Rome in favor of Carthage, in the second of the Punic Wars.
		The mathematician and physicist Archimedes, born (287 BC) in Syracuse, directed the defense of the city against the Romans and was killed during the sack of the city.
	www.infioratadinoto.it /syracuse.htm (351 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1031 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The 16th, in praise of Hiero, the son of Hierocles, was evidently written at Syracuse, and its date cannot be earlier than b.
		Be this as it may, the whole tone of the poem indicates that Theocritus was dissatisfied, both with the want of liberality on the part of Hiero in rewarding him for his poems, and with the political state of his native country.
		It may, therefore, be supposed that he devoted the latter part of his life almost entirely to the contemplation of those scenes of nature and of country life, on his representations of which his fame chieity rests.
	ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3365.html (815 words)

	Theocritus
		In II Simaetha, deserted by Delphis, tells the story of her love to the moon; in XIV Aeschines narrates his quarrel with his sweetheart, and is advised to go to Egypt and enlist in the army of Ptolemy Philadelphus; in XV Gorgo and Praxinoë go to the festival of Adonis.
		In XVI the poet praises Hiero II of Syracuse, in XVII Ptolemy Philadelphus, and in XXII the Dioscuri.
		The encomium upon Hiero II would from internal reasons seem prior to that upon Ptolemy, since in it Theocritus is a hungry poet seeking for a patron, while in the other he is well satisfied with the world.
	www.nndb.com /people/567/000107246 (2088 words)

	A Warhammer Ancient Battles Site
		In 265 BC Hiero won a further decisive victory over the Mamertines As a result, Hiero was proclaimed King of Syracuse by his grateful subjects.
		Hiero's defeat of the Mamertines upset the delicate balance of power among the Greeks, Romans, and Carthaginians, all of whom sought the control of Sicily.
		Hiero died in 215 BC at about the age of ninety and was succeeded by Gelo's fifteen-year-old son Hieronymos.
	home.zonnet.nl /richardevers2000/History1.htm (5067 words)

	Hiero II of Syracuse -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hiero II, tyrant of (The Athenian siege of Syracuse (415-413 BC) was eventually won by Syracuse) Syracuse from (additional info and facts about 270) 270 to 215 BC, was the illegitimate son of a Syracusan noble, Hierocles, who claimed descent from (additional info and facts about Gelo) Gelo.
		He was an important figure of the (additional info and facts about First Punic War) First Punic War.
		They were finally defeated in a pitched battle near Mylae by Hiero, who was only prevented from capturing Messana by (A native or inhabitant of ancient Carthage) Carthaginian interference.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/hiero_ii_of_syracuse1.htm (375 words)

	Sicily - The Death of Hiero II (215 BC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sicily - The Death of Hiero II (215 BC)
		Hiero honored his treaty with Rome while he lived.
		His assassination led to civil war in Syracuse between the pro-Carthaginian and pro-Roman factions, during which most of Hiero's family was killed.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /punic2-hiero-death.htm (154 words)

	PUNIC WARS - LoveToKnow Article on PUNIC WARS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A band of Campanian mercenaries, which had forcibly esablished itself within the town and was being hard pressed in 264 by Hiero II.
		The Roman commander nevertheless persisted in throwing troops into the city, and by seizing the person of the Carthaginian admiral during a parley induced him to withdraw his garrison.
		In 263 they advanced with a considerable force into Hieros territory and induced him to seek peace and alliance with them.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PU/PUNIC_WARS.htm (2035 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Syracuse
		There are still to be seen: the amphitheatre (epoch of Augustus); the Greek theatre, excavated from the rock; sepulchres also excavated in the rock; the colossal altar of Hiero II, seven hundred and sixty feet long, upon which, after the expulstion of Thrasybulus, four hundred and fifty oxen were sacrificed; the "Latomie", i.
		Of Marcianos II it is related that he was consecrated not at Rome, but at Syracuse, since the Emperor Leo the Isaurian (726) had removed Southern Italy from the jurisdiction of Rome, and had then elevated Syracuse to the dignity of a metropolitan see, over the thirteen other dioceses of Sicily.
		Stephen II (768) carried to Constantinople the relics of St. Lucy for safety against the Saracen incursions.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14395b.htm (2140 words)

	Royal Family of Syracuse (Introduction)
		He was one of fifteen guardians named in Hiero's will to counsel Hiero's fifteen-year-old grandson and successor, Hieronymos.
		Hiero married Philistis so that Leptines would protect his interests in Syracuse when he was called away from the city on military matters.
		He was assassinated along with Adranodoros by the pro-Roman faction in Syracuse, who wished to prevent Adranodoros, the leader of the pro-Carthaginian faction, from seizing control of Syracuse.
	www.mcs.drexel.edu /~crorres/Archimedes/Family/FamilyIntro.html (457 words)

	history1
		Carthage then laid siege to Messene, and Hiero, sighting the opportunity to oust the Mamertines from Sicily, allied himself with Carthage and established his troops on the opposite side of Messene, thereby trapping the Mamertines.
		Claudius defeated the Carthaginian garrison but Messene was again attacked shortly after by Hiero II, King of Syracuse, in alliance with Carthage.
		Carthage however, continued the war and were preparing to invade Italy when her naval fleet was annihilated by the Romans at the Battle of Mylae in 260BC.
	www.geocities.com /punicwars264/history1.html (390 words)

	Sicilian History
		ROGER II was recognized (1139) by Pope Innocent II as the first king of Sicily (1130-1154) and of the Norman territories in southern Italy.
		Tancred - Sicilian barons rebel and choose Tancred, a grandson of Roger II to be king of Sicily.
		Frederick II - Through the marriage of Constance, heiress of the last Norman king, to Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, Sicily passed in 1194 to the Hohenstaufen dynasty.
	dieli.net /SicilyPage/History/SicilianHist.html (2702 words)

	Appius Claudius Caudex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 265 BC, Hiero II of Syracuse had attacked Messina in an attempt to recapture it from the Mamertines, mercenaries from Campania who had taken it from him some years before.
		The Mamertines allied with a nearby Carthaginian fleet and held off the Syracusans, but when the Carthaginians did not leave, the Mamertines appealed to Rome in 264.
		He then led his troops outside the city defeated the Syracusans in battle, and Hiero retreated back to Syracuse.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Appius_Claudius_Caudex (253 words)

	Archimedes' Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But early in the war Rome forced a treaty of alliance from Syracuse's king, Hiero II, that called for Syracuse to pay tribute and provide grain to the Romans.
		Marcellus and Hiero II The Second Punic War began in 218 BC.
		Hiero II honored his treaty with Rome while he lived.
	departments.weber.edu /physics/carroll/Archimedes/times.htm (295 words)

	Polybius: the First Punic War
		Hiero, observing both the confusion and consternation of the Sicilians, and at the same time the numbers and the powerful nature of the Roman forces, reached from all this the conclusion that the prospects of the Romans were more brilliant than those of the Carthaginians.
		King Hiero having placed himself under the protection of the Romans, continued to furnish them with the resources of which they stood in urgent need, and ruled over Syracuse henceforth in security, treating the Greeks in such a way as to win from them crowns and other honors.
		We may, indeed, regard him as the most illustrious of princes and the one who reaped longest the fruits of his own wisdom in particular cases and in general policy.
	www.livius.org /ps-pz/punic_war/polybius_1_16.html (376 words)

	Region Sicily Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Rome was victorious by 241 BC, and after the death (c.215) of Hiero II of Syracuse, virtually all of Sicily came under Rome.
		Roger II became (1130) the first king of Sicily; he forced (1139) Pope Innocent II, who claimed suzerainty over Sicily, to invest him with the kingdom, which included the Norman holdings in S Italy.
		Revolts occurred in 1820 and 1848-49 and were mercilessly suppressed; the bombardments of Messina (1848) and Palermo (1849) earned Ferdinand II the nickname “King Bomba.” In 1860, Garibaldi conquered the island, which then voted to join the kingdom of Sardinia.
	www.infioratadinoto.it /sicily.htm (875 words)

	[No title]
		Hiero II had become the new ruler of Syracuse.
		Hiero provided the gold and soon received the crown from the craftsmen.
		The crown weighed the same as the gold Hiero had supplied, but perhaps the craftsmen had substituted less-valuable silver for some of the gold - not enough to change the color but enough to make a tidy profit.
	www.csun.edu /~hfmgt001/Archimedes.doc (790 words)

	GRAMMICHELE - LoveToKnow Article on GRAMMICHELE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was built in 1693, after the destruction by an earthquake of the old town of Occhialh.
		to the north; the latter, on account of the similarity of name, is generally identified with Echetla, a frontier city between Syracusan and Carthaginian territory in the time of Hiero II., which appears to have been originally a Sicel city in which Greek civilization prevailed from the 5th century onwards.
		To the east of Grammichele a cave shrine of Demeter, with fine votive terra-cottas, has been discovered.
	41.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GR/GRAMMICHELE.htm (118 words)

	Archimedes, of Syracuse
		While he is famous now, as he was then, largely because of his inventions, it is reported that he despised invention as being less "pure" than geometry, and he never wrote about his creations.
		He is believed to have invented the compound pulley as a way of demonstrating the possibility of moving very large masses - he bragged that, moved to a position outside the Earth, he could move the entire planet without difficulty.
		More famously (though also less probably), he is said to have thought of a way of proving King Hiero II had been cheated when supplied with a new crown, by comparing the mass and volume of a block of pure gold of equal mass with the crown.
	www.nahste.ac.uk /isaar/GB_0237_NAHSTE_P1090.html (564 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After the Roman victory and the death of Hiero II of Syracuse, Rome gained control of most of the island, and Sicily became known as the Breadbasket of Rome.
		The Norman Roger II was recognized (1139) by Pope Innocent II as king of Sicily and of the Norman territories in southern Italy.
		Sicily was the birthplace of the Mafia, organizations of brigands that developed in the lawless conditions fostered by centuries of unpopular foreign rule.
	members.aol.com /sicil29/baucina/hist.htm (531 words)

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