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	Higgs boson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Higgs boson is a hypothetical elementary particle predicted to exist by the Standard Model of particle physics.
		The Higgs mechanism is a physical phenomenon that is responsible for the spontaneous breaking of the electroweak symmetry.
		A technical presentation of spontaneous symmetry breaking and the formation of the Higgs field, in the context of quantum field theory, is given in the article on the Yukawa interaction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Higgs_boson (532 words)

	Joe Higgs: Bob Marley's Musical Influences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Having gained from the spiritual aspect of her teaching, Joe Higgs took particular care to play the part of both musical and moral tutor to those youth in the area with the ears to hear.
		The musical seminars he conducted could be rigorous affairs: a lot of emphasis would be placed on breath control and melody, and in addition to guitar lessons, he would instruct his students in the art of writing lyrics that could carry clear ideas to the people.
		It was in Higg's yard, on one of these occasions, that Nesta had his first encounter with that natural resource with which he was to become associated in the public mind, and which allowed him to empathise with jazz.
	www.bobmarley.com /life/musicalinfluences/joehiggs (236 words)

	Origins: CERN: Ideas: The Higgs Boson
		This clustering effect is the Higgs mechanism, postulated by British physicist Peter Higgs in the 1960s.
		The same might be true in the Higgs field: a particle moving through it creates a little bit of distortion -- like the crowd around the star at the party -- and that lends mass to the particle.
		In fact, the search for the Higgs particle(s) is some of the most exciting research happening, because it could lead to completely new discoveries in particle physics.
	www.exploratorium.edu /origins/cern/ideas/higgs.html (903 words)

	Higgs: the Velcro Boson
		The Higgs boson is an undiscovered elementary particle, thought to be a vital piece of the closely fitting jigsaw of particle physics.
		The Higgs field enables us to view these apparently unrelated phenomenon as two sides of the same coin; both may be described in terms of the properties of the same vector bosons.
		The Higgs boson’s appendages (hooks and loops) have a directional difference according to the orientation of the particle in the path it is taking.
	robtdwilson.freeservers.com /UFT/3_Higgs.html (6290 words)

	Open Questions: Higgs Physics
		Since the Higgs particle generates the mass of all other particles that couple to it, their mass would depend on their orientation with respect to the Higgs field.) Hence the Higgs particle is a boson, a "scalar" boson, since having spin 0 means that it behaves like a scalar under Lorentz transformations.
		Recall that a basic postulate about the Higgs field was that when the energy of the field is plotted against the strength of the field, the resulting graph has a W shape.
		The Higgs mechanism provides a means of explaining the masses of particles, through their coupling with the Higgs field, without sacrificing mathematical consistency of the standard model.
	www.openquestions.com /oq-ph008.htm (9023 words)

	Marie HIGGS et al. v. ESTATE of Wilton HIGGS
		Kinard [appellee's counsel]: Our position is that Herman Higgs was not the primary beneficiary of this will and Herman Higgs has not been shown to have done or caused anything to occur which meets thecriteria of procurement and further there has been no evidence to tend to prove there was undue influence.
		Herman Higgs then shouldered the burden of proving by a clear preponderance of the evidence that he took no advantage of his influence with Wilton Higgs and that the testamentary gift made to him was a result of Wilton's own volition.
		Higgs proved by a clear preponderance of the evidence the nonexistence of the exercise of undue influence which should have been presumed.
	courts.state.ar.us /opinions/old/CA931186A.html (2455 words)

	Peter Higgs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Higgs is best known for his 1960s proposal of broken symmetry in electroweak theory, explaining the origin of mass of elementary particles in general and of the W and Z bosons in particular.
		This so-called Higgs mechanism predicts the existence of a new particle, the Higgs boson.
		Higgs conceived of the mechanism in 1964 while walking the Cairngorms, and returned to his lab declaring he had had his "one big idea".
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Peter-Higgs.htm (325 words)

	Scientific American: What exactly is the Higgs boson? Have physicists proved that it really exists? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Discovery of the Higgs boson was one of the principal tasks scheduled for the Superconducting Super Collider, which the U.S. Congress canceled in 1993.
		Supersymmetry entails several Higgs bosons, and one of which probably lies in the energy regime that LEP is starting to survey.
		In the other approach, called dynamical symmetry breaking, the Higgs boson is not an elementary particle but a composite whose properties we may hope to compute once we understand its constituents and their interactions.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=00043456-7089-1C71-9EB7809EC588F2D7 (1782 words)

	Higgs Main
		Unification of the weak force and the electromagnetic force is achieved by Higgs coupling to the gauge bosons which have "weak" flavor, thereby giving it a large "effective" mass and reducing the range of the interaction, hence making the weak force "weak".
		SM Higgs searchesInteresting channels are WH and ZH, where leptonic decays of W/Z and H decays to two b-jets provide handles against the more copious SM background.
		Search for MSSM Higgs hb and hbb channels There are 2 Higgs doublets in the mimimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), which couple to particles of different weak isospin.
	www-d0.fnal.gov /Run2Physics/higgs (501 words)

	Joe Higgs Biography
		Higgs was hugely influential in the birth of the ska, rock steady and reggae forms of Jamaican music, and was widely respected as a composer, arranger and performer, but perhaps most of all as a teacher.
		Higgs once recalled about the formation of the duo, "We used to live on the same street and go down to the rehearsals at Bim and Bam.
		It was in Higgs' Trench Town yard that the young Bob Marley received years of private tutoring in vocal technique and stage craft from Higgs, years before he began recording with his group, the Wailers.
	www.iration.com /joehiggs/biography.html (1110 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Higgs Boson
		It was dreamt up over 20 years ago by the British scientist Peter Higgs, to explain why other particles possess mass and became an essential part of the standard model of particle physics.
		This cluster is the Higgs particle or Higgs Boson.
		The Higgs boson is such an important part of theoretical particle physics that if it were not discovered then many theoretical physicists would be lost.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A851429 (2104 words)

	ReggaeTrain.com...your portal to Reggae music...(Biography [Joe Higgs])
		Born in Kingston in 1940, Higgs' career began as a songwriter for seminal reggae acts such as Toots and the Maytals and Delroy Wilson.
		The role of teacher suited Higgs and he was soon working regularly as a vocal arranger and coach as well as guitar instructor.
		So integral was Higgs to the creation of this sound that when Bunny abruptly left the band in 1973 in the eve of their first major American tour, Higgs filled in brilliantly.
	www.reggaetrain.com /biojhiggs.asp (326 words)

	Joe Higgs: Respect is Overdue
		However, in Higgs' case, respect is not only long overdue, but "The Father of Reggae" is worthy of these accolades, not only for his wealth of songs, or his messages, or even for his over 40 year career as an ambassador of consciousness in music.
		Higgs did not mean for the lyrics to be one-time teachings, but intended them as a way of passing the torch, instructing others to become teachers themselves and continue to try and better the world.
		Higgs provided a voice to the voiceless, championed truth, and transcended above class, race, sex, age, time, and religion, and created music that is still as relevant, crucial, and alive today as the day it was written and recorded.
	www.furious.com /perfect/joehiggs.html (2867 words)

	CERN Courier - LEP pursues Higgs boson and - IOP Publishing - article
		Of the many results presented recently at the EPS conference in Tampere, Finland, and the leptonphoton symposium at Stanford, the search for the Higgs boson and the measurement of the W mass were the highlights.
		Based on last year's data, at a collision energy of 189 GeV, the combined lower limit on the Higgs mass from the four LEP experiments was 95.2 GeV.
		Via many of the same measurements that are used to constrain the Higgs boson indirectly, the experimenters (with a great deal of help from the theorists) have coaxed the Standard Model into predicting the mass of the W boson with an error of only 26 MeV (in 80 GeV).
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/39/9/12 (962 words)

	CMU Mechanical Engineering :: C. Fred Higgs, III
		Professor Higgs conducts particulate flow modeling and experimental research that utilizes the basic principles of tribology, fluid and rheological mechanics.
		One of the projects Professor Higgs is working on uses slurry flows with nanometer size particles to manufacture magnetic hard disk surfaces to near atomically-smooth levels for the purpose of developing extremely high capacity information storage systems.
		Higgs, C. Fred III, Ng, S.H., Yoon, I., Borucki, L, Danyluk, S., âA Mixed-Lubrication Approach to predicting CMP fluid pressure: Modeling and Experimentsâ, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.
	www.me.cmu.edu /default.aspx?id=higgs (442 words)

	Higgs boson: Reluctant debutant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Peter Higgs predicted the existence of the particle later named after him over 30 years ago.
		The Higgs boson is the last undiscovered component of the Standard Model of particle physics.
		The Higgs boson can be searched for directly, in very high energy electron-positron interactions, or indirectly, through quantum loop effects in which it affects other observable quantities.
	www.nature.com /nature/links/040311/040311-3.html (114 words)

	Run II Workshop - Higgs Working Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In the low-mass Higgs region, below 140 GeV, the curves shown are the result of combining the W+Higgs and Z+Higgs channels (where the Higgs decays to b b-bar and the W and Z decay leptonically), using the neural network selection, and the statistical power of both experiments.
		Summaries of the LEP Higgs searches at sqrt(s) up to 189 GeV were presented by Eilam Gross in the plenary session and Aaron Dominguez in one of the parallel sessions of the SUSY-99 Conference at Fermilab (14--19 June 1999).
		MSSM HIGGS BOSON PHENOMENOLOGY AT THE TEVATRON COLLIDER.
	fnth37.fnal.gov /higgs.html (4223 words)

	Introducing the little Higgs (November 2002) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
		Higgs and the others - building on earlier work by Julian Schwinger and Phil Anderson - showed how electroweak symmetry could be broken, thus allowing particles to have mass.
		The stronger the interactions between the particles and the Higgs condensate are, the heavier the particles become.
		Although we have much circumstantial evidence for the Higgs particle, given that fundamental particles have masses that are consistent with the Higgs mechanism and from indirect measurements at CERN and Stanford (so-called precision electroweak data), Higgs particles have never been directly produced and observed in collider experiments.
	physicsweb.org /article/world/15/11/3/1 (2044 words)

	The Higgs mechanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In summary, it is seen that a complex scalar field and a massless vector field, both with two degrees of freedom, in (2.20) as a result of the Higgs mechanism was transformed in (2.24) into one real scalar field with one degree of freedom and a massive vector boson field with 3 degrees of freedom.
		The massless vector boson is of course to be identified with the photon and the single remaining scalar with the Higgs boson.
		While this makes it impossible to put constraints on the Higgs mass and the fermion masses, it has the consequence that the Higgs particle will couple to the fermions in proportion to their mass.
	www.hep.lu.se /atlas/thesis/egede/thesis-node9.html (772 words)

	Research News: New Results Change Estimate of Higgs Boson Mass
		Scientists believe that the Higgs boson, named for Scottish physicist Peter Higgs, who first theorized its existence in 1964, is responsible for particle mass, the amount of matter in a particle.
		According to the theory, a particle acquires mass through its interaction with the Higgs field, which is believed to pervade all of space and has been compared to molasses that sticks to any particle rolling through it.
		The Higgs field would be carried by Higgs bosons, just as the electromagnetic field is carried by photons.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/Phys-Higgs-boson-mass.html (914 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Quark experiment predicts heavier Higgs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The search for the elusive Higgs particle has maddened physicists since the particle's existence was proposed in the 1960s.
		Finding the Higgs is important because it is the only missing piece in one of the leading theoretical jigsaws of modern physics, the standard model of particle physics.
		After LEP was decommissioned in 2000, the leading contender for finding the particle was the Tevatron accelerator at Fermilab, which is expected to reach these kinds of energies in the next few years.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn5095 (628 words)

	Physics with ATLAS: The Higgs Particle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Higgs particle is of critical importance in particle theories and is directly related to the concept of particle mass and therefore to all masses.
		Particles that interact strongly with the Higgs field are heavy, while those that interact weakly are light.
		The Higgs field has at least one new particle associated with it, the Higgs particle (or Higgs boson).
	pdg.lbl.gov /atlas/etours_physics/etours_physics09.html (250 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - No sign of the Higgs boson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The elusive Higgs boson is so central to the standard model - the theory on which physicists base their whole understanding of matter - that it has been dubbed the "God particle".
		But that didn't explain why the particles also have mass, until Peter Higgs at Edinburgh University suggested space is filled with a heavy, treacly substance - now called the Higgs field - which gives particles their mass by dragging on them through a mediator called the Higgs boson.
		The problem for physicists is that without the Higgs particle they don't have a viable theory of matter.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn1649 (908 words)

	What is a Higgs Particle?
		The Higgs particle is as yet a hypothetical particle invoked to explain why the carriers of the electroweak force (the W and Z bosons) have mass.
		Quantum electrodynamics requires the photon to have zero mass (which is good because indeed it does), but early attempts to develop and electroweak theory also required the bosons to be massless, (which is bad because then they would be as abundant as the photon in the universe, which indeed they are not).
		If there is an otherwise undetectable field filling the universe (now called the Higgs field), it could have associated with it a previously unknown kind of boson, the Higgs particle, which has mass.
	www.physlink.com /Education/AskExperts/ae304.cfm (358 words)

	HIGGS BOSON CD INFO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Higgs (keyboards) is joined by a number of reputable musicians including Pete Claridge and Chuck Scirocco (guitars), Rob Townsend (sax), Kevin Jeffries (bass) and ace drummer Tom Hooper.
		In this album of fusion-styled material, Higgs Boson shows a sound command of both form and orchestration in his chosen idiom, and applies his know-how with imagination.
		Higgs Boson, as you may already have guessed, is indeed a nom-de-guerre drawn from the sub-atomic particle of the same name.
	www.121music.com /pages/cd84/info.htm (373 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Scientists close in on elusive particle
		Finding the Higgs is vitally important for our understanding of the way the Universe is made as it is the particle that gives matter its mass.
		The atom-smasher that produced these events is scheduled to close down in a few weeks, meaning that researchers have little time to confirm their discovery.
		In a sense, other particles are swimming through a sea of unseen Higgs bosons, which cause a drag that shows itself as mass.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_913000/913637.stm (357 words)

	Home Page for John F. Gunion
		Presented at PASCOS 2003, Tata Institute, Mumbai, Jan. 4, 2003; "Higgs bosons in the Standard Model, the MSSM and beyond".
		Difficult Scenarios for NMSSM Higgs Discovery at the LHC: hep-ph/0503203.
		Higgs Sectors in which the only light Higgs boson is CP-odd and Linear Collider strategies for its discovery (In the Proceedings of Snowmass 2001)
	higgs.ucdavis.edu /gunion/home.html (4056 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| 'God particle' may have been seen
		The Higgs boson explains why all other particles have mass and is fundamental to a complete understanding of matter.
		The Higgs boson is thought to be highly unstable and, once produced, should quickly decay.
		Their theory was that all particles acquire their mass through interactions with an all-pervading field, called the Higgs field, which is carried by the Higgs boson.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3546973.stm (657 words)

	Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: Ask the Experts: Physics: How does the Higgs boson affect string ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		If the Higgs boson (named after British physicist Peter Higgs) were discovered, it would actually be one of the most important experimental discoveries of all time, in large part because of the unique role Higgs physics plays.
		The Higgs boson is also a new kind of matter, the first in a century.
		Studies of the effect the Higgs boson has on other particles reveal that experiment and theory are consistent only if the Higgs boson exists and is lighter than around 170 giga electron volts (GeV), or about 180 proton masses.
	www.sciam.com /askexpert_question.cfm?articleID=000290D2-391C-1C71-84A9809EC588EF21&catID=3 (730 words)

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