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Topic: High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher

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Mu Arae

	ESO - 2004
		This discovery was made possible by the unprecedented accuracy of the HARPS spectrograph on ESO's 3.6-m telescope at La Silla, which allows radial velocities to be measured with a precision better than 1 m/s.
		This fundamental observational method is based on the detection of variations in the velocity of the central star, due to the changing direction of the gravitational pull from an (unseen) exoplanet as it orbits the star.
		The evaluation of the measured velocity variations allows to deduce the planet's orbit, in particular the period and the distance from the star, as well as a minimum mass [2].
	www.eso.org /outreach/press-rel/pr-2004/pr-22-04.html (1946 words)

	Planet (Extrasolar) - Information from A to Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Discoveries regarding extrasolar planets were first published in 1989, [1] [2] when variations in the radial velocities of HD 114762 and Alrai (γ Cephei) were explained as being caused by sub-brown dwarf masses, possibly giant planets (11 MJ and 2-3 MJ respectively).
		The radial velocity method measures variations in the speed with which the star moves away from Earth or towards Earth, that is, the component along the line of sight, of the relative velocity of the star with respect to Earth.
		The velocity of the star around the barycenter is much smaller than that of the planet because the radii of the orbits and hence also the velocities are inversely proportional to the masses.
	www.infofromatoz.com /letter_p_articles/planet-extrasolar.html (4272 words)

	Extrasolar planet Summary
		Recently, observers of radial velocity have increased the sensitivity of their measurements, and announced the discovery of several planets with masses similar to that of Saturn (one-third that of Jupiter's mass).
		Extrasolar planets were also be detected by measuring the variation in a star's apparent luminosity as a planet passes in front of it (see eclipse).
		In 1999, HD 209458 b was the first extrasolar planet seen transiting its parent star, conclusively proving that the radial velocity measurements suspected to be planets actually were planets.
	www.bookrags.com /Extrasolar_planet (7453 words)

	First 'Super Earth' Planet Found
		The planet orbits the star mu Arae, which has been monitored by a European team of astronomers using an instrument called HARPS (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher), attached to the 3.6-metre telescope at La Silla observatory in Chile.
		It is sensitive to velocity changes as small as 1 metre per second.
		Its star, mu Arae, is similar to the Sun, but the planet orbits at less than a tenth of Earth's distance, so it gets a hundred times as much heat and light.
	www.rense.com /general56/supere.htm (358 words)

	Universe Today - Smallest Extrasolar Planet Found
		This discovery was made possible by the unprecedented accuracy of the HARPS spectrograph on ESO's 3.6-m telescope at La Silla, which allows radial velocities to be measured with a precision better than 1 m/s.
		This fundamental observational method is based on the detection of variations in the velocity of the central star, due to the changing direction of the gravitational pull from an (unseen) exoplanet as it orbits the star.
		The evaluation of the measured velocity variations allows to deduce the planet's orbit, in particular the period and the distance from the star, as well as a minimum mass [2].
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/smallest_extrasolar_planet_found.html (1582 words)

	CERN Courier - The hunt for Earth-sized exo - IOP Publishing - article
		Following the discovery in 1995 of the first extrasolar planet, and fuelled by its enormous impact on the general public, the hunt for exoplanets has already led to the discovery of about 130 planets around nearby stars.
		This method allows the orbit of the planet - in particular, the period and the distance from the star - as well as a lower limit for its mass to be deduced.
		HARPS is able to find planets down to a few Earth masses, paving the way for space missions such as COROT, Eddington and Kepler, which aim to detect a possible transit of the planet in front of the star.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/44/8/12 (636 words)

	Research - Headlines - Europeans discover extra-light extra-solar planet
		The new planet – arguably the first detected until now that is enough like Earth to sustain life – orbits a star called mu Arae in the southern constellation of Ara (the Altar).
		No planet beyond the solar system has been observed by optical telescopes, but astronomers can deduce the presence of dark orbiting companions by measuring their movements.
		This discovery, made across a distance of some 50 light years, was possible because of the accuracy of an instrument called HARPS (High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher), a spectrograph used together with ESO’s 3.6m telescope at La Silla, Chile.
	ec.europa.eu /research/headlines/news/article_04_09_07_en.html (531 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Glowing hot transiting exoplanet discovered
		It is based on the gravitational pull of the orbiting planet that causes the central star to move a little back and forth; the heavier the planet, the greater is the associated change in the star's velocity.
		This technique is rapidly improving: the new HARPS spectrograph (High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher), now being tested on the 3.6-m telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory, can measure such stellar motions with an unrivalled accuracy of about 1 metre per second (m/s).
		The temperature of the side of the planet facing the star must therefore be very high, of the order of 2000 deg C. Clearly, the planet must be losing its atmosphere by evaporation.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0304/22planet (1848 words)

	'First Light' for HARPS at La Silla
		This new instrument is optimized to detect planets in orbit around other stars ("exoplanets") by means of accurate (radial) velocity measurements with an unequalled precision of 1 meter per second.
		This high sensitivity makes it possible to detect variations in the motion of a star at this level, caused by the gravitational pull of one or more orbiting planets, even relatively small ones.
		The goal of measuring velocities of stars with an accuracy comparable to that of a pedestrian has required extraordinary efforts for the design and construction of this instrument.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-03/eso-lf032703.php (1358 words)

	New solar system has three huge planets \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		The inner two planets appear to be made mainly of rock — like Earth — while the third may have an envelope of gas around a core of rock and ice, the astronomers say.
		None is likely to harbor life, although the outermost planet lies within what astronomers call the "habitable zone." The habitable zone in our solar system is where conditions of temperature and light have made life possible on Earth.
		They discovered the planets with a powerful new instrument called the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, or HARPS for short, at the European Southern Observatory high in Chile's Atacama Desert.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/129784 (399 words)

	Fourteen Times The Earth
		The evaluation of the measured velocity variations allows to deduce the planet's orbit, in particular the period and the distance from the star, as well as a minimum mass.
		In this context, ESO undoubtedly took the leadership with the new HARPS spectrograph (High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher) of the 3.6-m telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory.
		But this was not the only surprise: from the radial velocity amplitude, that is the size of the wobble induced by the gravitational pull of the planet on the star, the astronomers derived a mass for the planet of only 14 times the mass of the Earth.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/extrasolar-04zf.html (1458 words)

	Open Questions: Extrasolar Planets
		Describes how extrasolar planets may be detected by their variation in brightness as they circle their parent star.
		All extra-solar planets detected so far have been identified by means of Doppler shifts caused by wobbles in stellar motion due to the presence of very massive planets.
		Many of the extrasolar planets discovered so far are surprising for their size and proximity to their host star.
	www.openquestions.com /oq-as004.htm (1862 words)

	ESO - 2003
		The initial commissioning period of the new HARPS spectrograph (High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher) of the 3.6-m telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory has been successfully accomplished in the period February 11 - 27, 2003.
		During the first commissioning period in February 2003, the high efficiency of HARPS was clearly demonstrated by observations of a G6V-type star of magnitude 8.
		In the case of more conventional instruments, drifts of several hundreds of m/s may occur during one observing night due to the variation of atmospheric pressure (at the rate of about 90 m/s for 1 mbar variation) or the ambient air temperature (300 m/s for 1° variation).
	www.eso.org /outreach/press-rel/pr-2003/pr-06-03.html (1866 words)

	SABCnews.com - sci_tech/science
		Earlier this week it was reported that a tiny telescope has spotted a giant planet circling a faraway star, using a technique that could open a new phase of planetary discovery.
		That dimming suggested the presence of a big planet regularly blocking out a small portion of the light as it passed between the star and Earth.
		The small telescope that found this latest planet is part of a network of modest instruments called the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey, known as TrES, which is designed to look specifically for planets orbiting bright stars, scientists said in e-mailed statements.
	www.sabcnews.com /sci_tech/science/0,2172,86591,00.html (613 words)

	NSO: News: Fourteen Times the Earth
		It takes 9.5 days for the planet to orbit once around this star and is very light compared to the previously detected exoplanets at only 14 times the mass of the Earth.
		The new planet is close to being either a large rocky planet, making it a possible super Earth-like object, or a small gas giant like Uranus.
		The HARPS spectrograph (High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher) of the 3.6-m telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory measures the minute variations in the velocity of the central star.
	www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk /news/arch/exop0904.htm (351 words)

	SETI Public Mailing List: SETI public: Fw: "First Light" for HARPS at La Silla (ESO Press Release 06/03)
		It is the HARPS spectrograph (High Accuracy Radial
		Velocity Planet Searcher) on the 3.6-m telescope that is optimized to
		Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher) of the 3.6-m telescope at the
	seti.sentry.net /archive/public/2003/Mar/0060.html (1499 words)

	ScienceDaily: Glowing Hot Transiting Exoplanet Discovered; VLT Spectra Indicate Shortest-known-period Planet Orbiting ...
		This technique is rapidly improving: the new HARPS spectrograph (High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher), now being tested on the 3.6-m telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory, can measure such stellar motions with an unrivalled accuracy of about 1 metre per second (m/s), cf.
		The temperature of the side of the planet facing the star must therefore be very high, of the order of 2000 °C. Clearly, the planet must be losing its atmosphere by evaporation.
		Zecharia Sitchen's The 12th Planet is the starting point on a quest that spans six books and 20 years worth of ancient aliens, genetic manipulation, and scrutiny of linguistic minutiae.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/04/030423083045.htm (3002 words)

	Centauri Dreams » 2004» August
		The planet detected around the star 55 Cancri is one of four now known to orbit there, making 55 Cancri the most complete extra-solar planetary system we’ve found.
		The discovery was made possible by the HARPS (High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher) spectrograph attached to ESO’s 3.6-meter La Silla telescope in Chile.
		A planet fourteen times the size of the Earth may not be all that small, but it’s tiny compared to the bulk of planets discovered around other stars, most of which are so-called ‘hot Jupiters’ — gas giants in tight orbits around their parent star.
	www.centauri-dreams.org /?m=200408 (817 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: News & Events: 05.18.06: New 3 Planet Solar System Discovered
		The solar system around HD69830, is composed of two inner rocky planets, one gaseous planet the size of Neptune, and an outer dense asteroid belt.
		The gaseous planet resides in the "habitable zone" of HD69930.
		The planets were discovered with a powerful new instrument called the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS), at the European Southern Observatory in Chile's Atacama desert.
	sse.jpl.nasa.gov /news/display.cfm?News_ID=14996 (154 words)

	Too Darn Hot: Science News Online, March 26, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The massive planet, which is gravitationally tied to this sector, moves along with it.
		If the orbital period of the Jovian planet and the period of the lighter weight bodies ahead of it happen to relate to one another in simple whole-number multiples, then the gravitational interaction is enhanced.
		What's more, she adds, a new telescope devoted to planet hunting is set to begin its search in October on Mount Hamilton near San Jose, Calif. With this telescope, called the Automated Planet Finder, scientists will search for wobbles induced by hot Earths among stars already known to harbor hot Jupiters.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20050326/bob9.asp (2140 words)

	HARPS: The ESO Exoplanet Searcher
		HARPS discovers the first rocky planet (5 times the mass of the Earth) in the habitable zone.
		HARPS unveils an extrasolar planetary system with three Neptune-mass planets.
		The high efficiency fibre link (EGGS) has been included in the call for proposal for period 78.
	www.ls.eso.org /lasilla/sciops/3p6/harps/index.html (227 words)

	Hot Exoplanet! Galaxy Explorer, Back To Atlantis! Iraq Contaminated? Chernobyl! Madonna's Curse & More!
		This technique is rapidly improving: the new HARPS spectrograph (High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher), now being tested on the 3.6-m telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory, can measure such stellar motions with an unrivalled accuracy of about 1 meter per second (m/s).
		Gibbons, Vogl and Grimes discovered that placing a box-wipe of a wrong-doer's face next to the news anchor is especially important when women or minorities are the principal actors in TV news stories in which stereotyping might put them in the role of a wrong-doer.
		Before the current war, Iraqi doctors were blaming high rates of cancer and birth defects in Basra and other southern cities on U.S. munitions fired 12 years ago, when fighting was concentrated along the southern border with Kuwait.
	richlabonte.net /exonews/xtra2/hot_exoplanet.htm (9115 words)

	The News - International
		An exoplanet is a planet that orbits a star other than the sun.
		Teams of scientists from the Observatory of Geneva and the University of Bern Physics Institute, both in Switzerland, have been observing the star for more than two years.
		The scientists used the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher, or HARPS spectrograph instrument, at the 12-foot (3.6-meter) telescope at the European Southern
	www.thenews.com.pk /update_detail.asp?id=2139 (214 words)

	Possible Super Earth discovered (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A European team of astronomers, working at La Silla Science Operations, has discovered the lightest known planet orbiting a star other than our sun (an "exoplanet").
		However Uranus and the new exoplanet differ so much by their distance from the host star that their formation and structure are likely to be very different.
		This discovery was made possible by the unprecedented accuracy of the HARPS spectrograph on ESO's 3.6-m telescope at La Silla, which allows radial velocities to be measured with a precision better than 1 meter per second.
	www.sfwa.org /news/superearth.htm (188 words)

	The Ultimate High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The Ultimate High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) is a high-precision echelle spectrograph installed in 2002 with first light achieved February 2003 on ESO's 3.6m telescopes at La Silla Observatory.
		It is used for a radial velocity survey of 1000 stars and can attain a precision of 1 m/s, one of only two instruments worldwide with such accuracy.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/HARPS (102 words)

	Michel Mayor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Together with Didier Queloz in 1995 he discovered the first extrasolar planet, 51 Pegasi B, orbiting a sun-like star, 51 Pegasi.
		In August 1998 he was awarded the Swiss Marcel Benoist Prize in recognition of his work and its significance for human life.
		In 2003, his latest planet searching instrument, the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher, came online.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Michel_Mayor (300 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Smallest ever extra-solar planet discovered
		Privacy note: your e-mail address will not be used for any other purpose.
		Since the first detection in 1995 of a planet around the star 51 Peg by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz from the Geneva Observatory (Switzerland), astronomers have learned that our Solar System is not unique, as more than 120 giant planets orbiting other stars were discovered mostly by radial-velocity surveys.
		By comparison with CORALIE, another well known planet-hunting optimized spectrograph installed on the Swiss-Euler 1.2-m telescope at La Silla, the typical observation times have been reduced by a factor one hundred and the accuracy of the measurements has been increased by a factor ten.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0408/30planet (1571 words)

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