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Topic: High altitude

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	High altitude and exercise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Altitude also stimulates an increase in heart rate and cardiac output (total amount of blood pumped by the heart) to increase blood circulation by the muscles to unload oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide and back to the alveoli to reverse these exchanges.
		Altitude chamber studies have indicated that full acclimatization at 7,500 feet is possible after a continuous stay of 4 weeks while complete adaptation to the extreme altitude of 13,000 feet is possible after a continuous stay for 14 months.
		High altitude pulmonary edema (buildup of fluid in the lungs) begins with symptoms of extreme lethargy and may lead to coughing up pink sputum, fever, rapid heart rate, and cyanosis.
	www.sumeria.net /oxy/altitude.html (1803 words)

	Special Safety Considerations for High Altitude Mountaineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The High Altitude Mountaineering Section (HAMS) of The Colorado Mountain Club has loosely defined "high altitude" as being higher than the Colorado mountains.
		These maladies are a biological response to the reduced partial pressure of oxygen at high altitudes, and they may be exacerbated by dehydration, exhaustion, and low temperatures.
		At high altitude most people are not able to eat and process enough food; their bodies slowly dwindle away.
	www.cmc.org /cmc/safetyha.html (1007 words)

	Mercy Medical Center: High Altitude (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Two main differences between the high altitude environment and sea level are: decreased oxygen density and decreased humidity, or moisture content in the air.
		If the high altitude experience continues, more shortness of breath and increased coughing and edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs) may occur requiring prompt medical attention and possible hospitalization.
		You are in a high altitude environment in Durango.
	www.mercydurango.org /pages/lefturls/Altitude.html (502 words)

	High Altitude Martial Arts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		High Altitude teaches a variety of classes geared for people who want to learn Self-Defense, want to learn to fight, want to get in shape, and most importantly, want to have fun.
		High Altitude houses training for world champions in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) fighting, Kickboxing, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Judo, and Wrestling, although the majority of its members are beginners.
		High Altitude classes teach the most effective techniques in a safe and fun environment.
	www.highaltitudema.com /main.html (115 words)

	High Altitude and the Heart
		The relative safety of exercise at altitude is suggested by the study of Erdman and colleagues which compared 23 patients with stable coronary artery disease and a mean ejection fraction of 39 percent with randomly selected controls during maximal bicycle ergometer stress testing at both a 3280-foot baseline and actual altitude of 8200 feet [7].
		It appears, therefore, that altitude may aggravate arrhythmias in patients with the proper substrate (especially the elderly), particularly during acute exposure, and caution is clearly needed in those with poorly controlled rhythm disorders.
		Deaths at high altitude are often sudden and while ascertainment of the cause of death is often difficult, the possibility that rhythm-related causes is being underestimated needs to be kept in mind.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~cardio/providereducation/altitude.htm (4701 words)

	All About Altitude Illness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At the "severely ill" end of this spectrum is High Altitude Cerebral Edema; this is when the brain swells and ceases to function properly.
		Altitude headaches are usually nasty, persistent, and frequently there are other symptoms of AMS; they tend to be frontal (but may be anywhere), and may worsen with bending over.
		I feel that porters may be at increased risk of severe forms of altitude illness as they are unlikely to know anything about AMS, are more likely to have a communication barrier to telling you how they feel, and may even actively hide their symptoms as they fear losing their job due to illness.
	www.high-altitude-medicine.com /AMS.html (2624 words)

	High Altitude Medical Problems
		Altitude related illnesses are common and should be recognized promptly to avoid unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
		Altitude related illnesses can be thought of as a spectrum of disorders from the common and relatively mild Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) to the life threatening forms such as High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) and High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE).
		With a sensible rate of altitude gain, the majority of trekkers will be able to enjoy their high altitude sojourn without untoward effects.
	www.priory.com /anaes/altitude.htm (3170 words)

	OA Guide to High Altitude: Acclimatization and Illnesses
		High altitude-we all enjoy that tremendous view from a high summit, but there are risks in going to high altitude, and it's important to understand these risks.
		As altitude increases, the concentration remains the same but the number of oxygen molecules per breath is reduced.
		In addition, for reasons not entirely understood, high altitude and lower air pressure causes fluid to leak from the capillaries which can cause fluid build-up in both the lungs and the brain.
	www.princeton.edu /~oa/safety/altitude.html (2783 words)

	High Altitude Medical Advice for Travelers
		The purpose of this review is to provide guidelines that will hopefully simplify the giving of prophylactic advice to high altitude travelers, to review the differential diagnosis of illness at altitude, and to help with pre-travel decisions in people who are concerned about the effects of altitude on pre-existing conditions.
		It seems that being transported passively to high altitude is less likely to induce altitude illness as quickly as hiking to the same height.
		High altitude retinopathy refers to the development of retinal hemorrhages while staying at high altitude.
	www.ciwec-clinic.com /altitude/alti2.html (1417 words)

	Non-Physician Altitude Tutorial
		In some persons, the hypoxia of high altitude causes constriction of some of the blood vessels in the lungs, shunting all of the blood through a limited number of vessels that are not constricted.
		In most high altitude enviroments, oxygen is a precious commodity, and as such is usually reserved for more serious cases of HACE and HAPE.
		Porters may even be at increased risk of severe forms of altitude illness as they are unlikely to know anything about AMS, are more likely to have a communication barrier to telling you how they feel, and may actively hide their symptoms as they fear losing their job due to illness.
	www.ismmed.org /np_altitude_tutorial.htm (3973 words)

	weasel.com - High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (and me)
		High Altitude Pulmonary Edema is when the lungs fill up with fluid as a result of the body adapting to high elevation.
		The reason the lungs fill up with fluid is a bit complex, and I am not a doctor, but the basic idea is the pulmonary artery (from the heart to the lungs) contracts a bit as people go up in elevation.
		I didn't really feel like sleeping anyway, as I have read many books about high altitude expeditions, and people dying of high altitude illness in their sleep.
	www.weasel.com /hape.html (1467 words)

	Altitude Sickness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Altitude illness is caused by the lack of oxygen in our thin mountain air.
		The incidence and severity of A.M.S. are related to altitude, speed of ascent, physical exertion and prior acclimatization.
		Rapid ascent to high altitude can be uncomfortable for many people and dangerous for some.
	www.nrel.gov /altitude.html (462 words)

	Deaths at altitude
		There were some difficulties in compiling full records of expedition members and not all the accidents occurred at extreme altitudes (but all were the result of membership of expedition whose aim was a high altitude peak).
		The apparent contribution of altitude hypoxia to mortality here is low (17.4%), but its effect is significant in that in many fatalities apparently due to mountain accidents (e.g.
		The extreme altitude mountaineers of the 21st century should take heed of these figures when planning and undertaking expeditions if this high mortality is to be reduced.
	www.thebmc.co.uk /world/mm/mm9.htm (569 words)

	ZEPPELINS: High Altitude Warships
		High ranking generals and pilots from all over the world would come by to pay him homage.
		To bypass the English blockade the German High Command switched to underwater warfare using submarines and to the sky using giant rigid airships built by the German airship genius Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin.
		As the ships dropped altitude to come in over Germany, French and British fighters such as the Zeppelin Killer Sopwith Camel together with Nieuport 11s with overwing-mounted Lewis and Hotchkiss guns, swarmed like bees around an invaded hive, and joined with ground fire, tore four of them to shreds.
	sped2work.tripod.com /zeppelins.html (3225 words)

	High Altitude Man
		Several studies have shown that adolescents and school age children who are chronically exposed to high altitude have relatively large chest dimensions in comparison to lowlanders, but there is no significant difference between newborns at high altitude and those born at sealevel.
		However, since blood viscosity increases at high altitude due an increased erythrocyte concentration, it is likely that highlanders have a slightly different microcirculation to sea level residents.
		However in communities at high altitude, the initial stages of Monge disease in the elderly are thought to be a consequence of ageing and are rarely treated.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session1/group74/completed.htm (1917 words)

	HIGH ALTITUDE and ATHLETIC TRAINING
		The underlying problem with high altitude (>2000 m) is that there is less oxygen and while this may not be that threatening to individuals at rest it does pose a challenge to athletes.
		The reason is that some of the adaptive responses at high altitude are actually a hindrance at lower altitude.
		Mountain sickness is the name given to a cluster of symptoms that occurs in some individuals after rapid ascent to high altitude.
	www.rice.edu /~jenky/sports/altitude.html (960 words)

	Human Biological Adaptability: Adapting to High Altitude (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, the air pressure is 30% lower at the higher altitude due to the fact that the atmosphere is less dense--that is, the air molecules are farther apart.
		Usually, the populations that are most successful are those whose ancestors have lived at high altitudes for thousands of years.
		The implication is that natural selection over thousands of years results in some populations being genetically more suited to the stresses at high altitude.
	anthro.palomar.edu /adapt/adapt_3.htm (879 words)

	High Altitude Baking
		But my search to help prevail over the problems of high altitude baking continues - I am always on the lookout for other publications dealing with this, surfing the web on this subject, and of course my own personal test kitchen experiments.
		The lower air pressure as a result of high altitudes does cause increased evaporation of liquids during baking which can result in the structure of the cake not setting up properly and eventually collapsing.
		Since most recipes are for sea level baking you can include some adjustments for high altitudes that will help produce a moist and fine textured cake.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/cake_decorating/31903 (622 words)

	High Altitude Mountaineering School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The High Altitude Mountaineering Section sponsors a multi-session Seminar and the High Altitude Mountaineering School (HAMS).
		At the Seminar, world class climbers and other experts in their fields will present lectures on such topics as organizing expeditions, equipment, travel arrangements, fitness, nutrition and menu planning, group dynamics, travel and high altitude illnesses, cold and related injuries, and the pros and cons of guided climbs.
		The speakers and content vary from year to year as the seminar is intended to be a continuing resource for the accomplished mountaineer as well as the novice.
	www.cmc.org /cmc/hamschl.html (277 words)

	High-Altitude Handling
		Center of gravity (CG) and altitude significantly affect the longitudinal stability of an airplane.
		It is also why smooth and small control inputs are required at high altitude, particularly when disconnecting the autopilot.
		In other words, at any altitude, the stick force per g is higher when the CG is forward than when the CG is further aft.
	www.boeing.com /commercial/aeromagazine/aero_02/textonly/fo01txt.html (2163 words)

	eMedicine - Altitude Illness - Cerebral Syndromes : Article by Thomas E Dietz, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Everyone traveling to altitude is at risk, regardless of the level of physical fitness or previous altitude experience.
		The cerebral forms of altitude illness appear to be due to hypoxia-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, which results in a vasogenic brain edema.
		Encourage patients planning travel to high altitude in the future to stage their ascent and pay careful attention to symptoms.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic22.htm (3294 words)

	High Altitude Gardening - Gardening and Local Links
		Gardening with Altitude - A web site published by Pamela Wright who lives in Bailey, CO. The site is directed mainly to the flower grower.
		Pro2Photography and Pro2Design - William Probeck, a local gardener and businessman, is the monthly high altitude garden writer for the Canyon Courier and The Colorado Gardener.
		Tasmanian Garden Journal - This is not a high altitude garden but Gay Klok has created an interesting site about her gardens in Tasmania.
	home.earthlink.net /~tillerbee/WebLinks/webLinks.html (819 words)

	Diamox
		In rare cases (but sometimes even at these altitudes), the condition progresses to cause more serious problems that are potentially fatal - High Altitude Pulmonary and Cerebral Oedema (HAPE and HACE).
		Assuming no unpleasant side effects are experienced, take the drug in the same dose for three days before staying at 3500m and thereafter for two or three days until you feel acclimatised, for about five days in all.
		If the condition is diagnosed (symptoms are breathlessness and crackly or bubbling chest noise) you should evacuate the victim to low altitude, giving oxygen by mask and using a PAC chamber if available.
	www.thebmc.co.uk /world/mm/mm3.htm (968 words)

	High Altitude Airship (HAA)
		Lighter-than-air vehicles operating at altitudes of 21 kilometers (70,000 feet) are nearing a reality thanks in large measure to the technical savvy of Lockheed Martin NE&SS-Akron and the convictions of Stratcom President Lt. Gen.
		This altitude was chosen because of its minimal wind conditions during a significant part of the year.
		However, long-term, reliable and continuous data on winds and turbulence at this altitude are not available for the entire earth’s surface.
	www.globalsecurity.org /intell/systems/haa.htm (1193 words)

	Working at High Altitude
		To prevent loss of life due to altitude sickness, telescope personal have been trained to spot the more severe symptoms and have the athority to remove an observer from the summit.
		While they may catch some cases of mountain sickness before they result in death they cannot catch them all and it is the observer's job to be well informed of the symptoms and safe ways of alliviating them so they can stay through their run.
		It again provides some good advice on how to deal with altitude sickness although most of it is tailered to the mountain climber and not the astronomer.
	www.cfht.hawaii.edu /ObsInfo/HighAltitude (452 words)

	Altitude, high - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Altitude, high: Altitude sickness occurs at high altitude.
		If you have been at that altitude before and had no problems, you can probably return to that altitude without problems if (and only if) you are properly acclimatized.
		If you have not been to high altitude before, caution is strongly recommended.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8577 (302 words)

	High Altitude Cooking Tips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At high altitudes, the air density is lower than at sea level.
		In general, then, if you are making something that needs to be boiled, the cooking process will take longer at high altitudes than at sea level.
		Yeast breads rise more quickly at high altitudes, so be sure to watch your dough carefully and judge the rise time by the change in the dough's bulk, not by the amount of time it takes.
	www.gofallon.com /cookingtips.htm (902 words)

	High Altitude in Durango - mountain sickness and altitude illness
		High Altitude in Durango - mountain sickness and altitude illness
		Persons with heart or respiratory ailments may have breathing problems in the thin air at high altitude.
		High altitude presents a set of problems that are not intuitive.
	www.creativelinks.com /recreat/altitude.htm (228 words)

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