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Topic: High density lipoprotein

	The Cholesterol Myths by Uffe Ravnskov
		High density lipoprotein metabolism in endurance athletes and sedentary men.
		High density lipoprotein cholesterol is not a major risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in British men.
		Associations of serum high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol with total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a 7-year prospective study of 10000 men.
	www.ravnskov.nu /weblit.htm (2188 words)

	High density lipoprotein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		High density lipoproteins (HDL) form a class of lipoproteins, varying somewhat in their size and contents, that carry cholesterol from the body's tissues to the liver.
		Because HDL can remove cholesterol from atheroma within arteries, and transport it back to the liver for excretion, they are seen as "good" lipoproteins.
		This ratio of large HDL to total HDL particles varies widely and is only measured by more sophisticated lipoprotein assays using either electrophoresis, the original method developed in the 1970s or newer NMR spectroscopy methods, developed in the 1990s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/HDL_cholesterol (511 words)

	Cholesterol Research Archives: March 2007.
		Genetic analysis of 103 candidate genes for coronary artery disease and associated phenotypes in a founder population reveals a new association between endothelin-1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
		Implications of cardiac risk and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol distributions in the United States for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia: data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002.
		Evidence of cholesterol accumulated in high curvature regions: implication to the curvature elastic energy for lipid mixtures.
	cholesterol.researchtoday.net /archive/4/3 (837 words)

	VascularWeb: High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Inversely Related
		NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level is inversely associated to the risk of thromboembolic stroke in elderly men, according to a new study.
		The researchers examined the association between HDL cholesterol levels and stroke risk in 2444 men between the ages of 71 and 93 years who were enrolled in the Honolulu Heart Program.
		Low, intermediate, and high HDL cholesterol levels were found in 17.8%, 58.5%, and 23.7% of men, respectively.
	www.vascularweb.org /_CONTRIBUTION_PAGES/Medical_News_Reuters/HDL_Cholesterol_Inversely_Related.html (375 words)

	AllRefer Health - HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) - Test/Medical Exams/Tests
		Lipoproteins are proteins in the blood that transport cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipids to various tissues.
		The main function of HDL appears to be carrying excess cholesterol (and probably other phospholipids and proteins) to the liver for "re-packaging" or excretion in the bile.
		Higher levels of HDL seem to be protective against coronary artery disease, thus HDL is sometimes referred to as "good" cholesterol.
	health.allrefer.com /health/hdl-info.html (384 words)

	High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		HDL is produced in the liver and intestines.
		HDL levels form an inverse correlation with the risk of CAD.
		A ratio of total serum cholesterol to HDL level is sometimes used to look at the risk of CAD.
	mobile.neulabs.com /labstudies/hdl.asp (68 words)

	Good Cholesterol vs. Bad Cholesterol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Two lipoproteins you may have heard about are high-density lipoprotein, or HDL cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, or LDL cholesterol.
		High-density lipoprotein, or HDL cholesterol, is called “good cholesterol” because it is believed to remove cholesterol from the blood.
		Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL cholesterol, is known as “bad cholesterol.” Excess LDL builds up in your arteries and may lead to heart disease.
	www.forcholessterol.com /cwp/appmanager/for_cholessterol/for_cholessterolDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=FC_goodVsBad (328 words)

	HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein, Good Cholesterol)
		An HDL test measures the level of high-density lipoprotein, or HDL, in the blood.
		HDL is known as the good carrier for cholesterol.
		The HDL test is generally done along with a total cholesterol and LDL test.
	www.3-rx.com /hdl/default.php (293 words)

	High density lipoprotein : HDL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Lipids are carried in bloodstream in complexes with protein particles forming lipoproteins.
		High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is a class of blood lipoproteins.
		Epidemiological studies show that high concentrations of HDL (over 60 mg%) have protective value against cardiovascular diseases (ischemic stroke, myocardial infarct etc.) and low concentrations of HDL (below 35mg%) are a positive risk factor for these diseases, especially for women.
	www.city-search.org /hd/hdl.html (349 words)

	Hdl cholesterol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chromium supplements increased HDL cholesterol levels by an average of nearly 6 points, a 16 percent increase.
		HDL removes cholesterol from the blood by carrying.
		High blood cholesterol is one of the major risk factors for heart disease.
	health.hrum.com /info-hdl-cholesterol.html (198 words)

	American Family Physician: Managing Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Genetically determined high levels of HDL are associated with longevity and a decreased incidence of coronary artery disease.
		HDL is a class of particles containing lipids (phospholipids, cholesterol and triglycerides) and proteins (apolipoproteins, enzymes and lipid transfer proteins).
		High dosages of statins may be useful in patients with moderately elevated triglyceride levels but not in patients with severe elevations.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_5_60/ai_57437010 (490 words)

	High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDLC)
		HDL may act as a protective scavenger molecule (reverse cholesterol transport).
		Gordon DJ and Rifkind BM, "High Density Lipoprotein – The Clinical Implications of Recent Studies," N Engl J Med, 1989, 321(19):1311-6.
		Frohlich JJ and Pritchard PH, "The Clinical Significance of Serum High Density Lipoproteins," Clin Biochem, 1989, 22(16):417-23.
	www.labcorp.com /datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/pr005500.htm (505 words)

	HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol
		HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is sometimes called "good" cholesterol because it helps prevent cholesterol (a waxy, fatlike substance) from building up in the arteries.
		HDL, which is made mostly of protein and only a small amount of fat, helps clear LDL (low-density lipoprotein) or “bad” cholesterol from the body.
		A person at risk for heart disease may be advised to raise his or her HDL cholesterol levels by eating a balanced diet, exercising and losing weight, and stopping tobacco use.
	my.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/sth149511.asp (132 words)

	High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol Test -- Adult Health Advisor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The HDL test helps check your risk for heart disease or atherosclerosis, which is a hardening, narrowing, or blockage of the arteries.
		HDL is called good cholesterol because having high levels of HDL in your blood reduces your risk of heart disease.
		HDL makes it harder for the LDL to stick to the walls of your blood vessels and cause disease.
	www.medformation.com /ac/crsaha.nsf/file/crs-aha-tst_hdl.test (625 words)

	Lipids Online Slides: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		High-density lipoprotein (HDL) facilitates the removal of unesterified cholesterol from cells; the cholesterol is then esterified by the action of the lipoprotein-associated enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT).
		The only known genetic causes of high HDL are deficiencies in the genes for cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and hepatic lipase.
		In subjects with a deficiency of CETP, the conversion of HDL to very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) is blocked, leading to delayed catabolism of HDL CE, with consequent marked increases in the concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I. Slide 20 of 27
	www.lipidsonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?tk=10&pg=2 (959 words)

	Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, alcohol, and coronary mortality in male smokers -- Paunio et al. 312 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		High density cholesterol and incidence of coronary heart disease--the Israeli ischemic heart disease study.
		High density lipoproteins cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women: the follow-up study of the lipid research clinics prevalence study.
		Lipoproteins and blood pressure as biological pathways for effect of moderate alcohol consumption on coronary heart disease.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/312/7040/1200 (2569 words)

	HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, Eastern Carolina
		An HDL cholesterol level of 60 mg/dL (1.56 mmol/L) or higher is desirable.
		An HDL level of 40 to 60 mg/dL (1.04 to 1.56 mmol/L) is considered acceptable.
		High levels of HDL cholesterol appear to help protect against heart disease.
	www.uhseast.com /151986.cfm (234 words)

	Diabetic Life - Adding Fiber May Help Diabetics
		Researchers found that fiber supplements lower levels of "bad" low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increase levels of "good" high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in people with this type of diabetes.
		High blood cholesterol is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it already had been established that fiber supplements could help reduce blood cholesterol levels in the general population.
		Their total blood cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL were measured at the start of the study and again after 90 days.
	www.diabeticlife.org /ms/news/525369/main.html (472 words)

	The Protective Capacity of Normal High Density Lipoprotein Against Lipid Oxidation
		Reverse cholesterol transport in HDL and lipid oxidation may be linked to the multifactorial regulation of an inflammatory response in atherosclerotic lesions.
		HDL may play a role in atherosclerotic lesion dynamics and serve as a marker for clinical events.
		HDL and the inflammatory response induced by LDL-derived oxidized phospholipids.
	www.ijem.org /1/1.html (752 words)

	High Density Lipoprotein
		The chart above provides a visual comparison of high density lipoprotein breakdown in three categories: low, normal and desirable.
		The majority of the men who participated in this study exhibited low HDL values and may be at risk for future cardiovascular disease.
		However, the vast majority of the women displayed either normal or high levels of HDL in the serum and have low risk of heart disease.
	www.ku.edu /~lba/HDL.htm (67 words)

	Consensus Statement: Triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein, And Coronary Heart Disease
		It recommended that HDL cholesterol be measured in all patients with high blood cholesterol (≥ 240 mg/dL) and in those patients with borderline high blood cholesterol (200-239 mg/dL) who had definite CHD or two other CHD risk factors (one of which could be male sex).
		Low HDL cholesterol was entered in the treatment decision algorithm as one of the major risk factors that would affect the assessment of overall coronary risk and therefore influence clinical decisions about treatment.
		It is apparent, as in most lipoprotein fractions, that HDL is a heterogeneous collection of particles of differing size and composition and that subpopulations of HDL are altered in many of the dyslipidemias.
	vidyya.com /archives/1230_4.htm (6275 words)

	Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: Comparison of 2 homogeneous high-density lipoprotein cholesterol assays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		However, these methods are time-consuming, affected by high triglycerides, are not suitable for complete automation, and require a large sample size.
		Reagent 2 contains standard cholesterol enzymes and a unique detergent that absorbs to the surface of low-density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, and chylomicrons, thereby inhibiting their reaction with the cholesterol enzymes while selectively solubilizing HDL and allowing for its reaction with the cholesterol enzymes.
		High, medium, and low HDL-C controls (Sigma Diagnostics, St Louis, Mo) were analyzed with each run.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_199811/ai_n8812730 (1153 words)

	HDL-C (High-density lipoprotein cholesterol)
		The cholesterol carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is ‘good’ cholesterol, because it’s being taken away from the body tissues back to the liver.
		Conversely, LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol is being transported from the liver to the rest of the body and increases the risk of CHD by leading to the formation of fatty deposits in the arteries.
		The accuracy of these tests is variable and it would be unwise to base the whole direction of your life on a single reading of this kind.
	www.heartuk.org.uk /artman/publish/article_280.shtml (1110 words)

	Diabetes: Correction of hypertriglyceridemia with low hig... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ultracentrifugation of plasma lipoproteins was conducted according to the method of Havel et al.
		Thus, reciprocal changes were observed between plasma triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels in diabetic (disease-control) rats and diabetic rats treated with the compound.
		Atherosclerosis 39:293-300, 1981 (17.) Taskinen M, Nikkila EA: High density lipoprotein subfractions in relation to lipoprotein lipase activity of tissues in man-evidence for reciprocal regulation of [HDL.sub.2] and [HDL.sub.3] levels by lipoprotein lipase.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:16788472&refid=holomed_1 (2477 words)

	News - Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol a Risk Factor for Stroke in Elderly Patients
		Dutch researchers report that low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a risk factor for coronary artery disease-related or stroke-related death in patients older than 85 years.
		The researchers say the study results show that low levels of total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol are all associated with increased mortality risk, which puts in question the necessity of cholesterol-lowering therapy in the elderly.
		As well, low HDL cholesterol -- but not high LDL or high total cholesterol -- is a risk factor for fatal coronary artery disease and stroke in people older than 85 years.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256D6A006792B3 (521 words)

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