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Topic: High dynamic range imaging

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	High Dynamic Range (HDR) Photography in Photoshop CS2
		High dynamic range (HDR) images enable photographers to record a greater range of tonal detail than a given camera could capture in a single photo.
		High dynamic range imaging attempts to utilize this characteristic by creating images composed of multiple exposures, which can far surpass the dynamic range of a single exposure.
		A clear example where global tonal hierarchy is not violated is the example used in the page on using a GND to extend dynamic range (although this is not how local adaptation works).
	www.cambridgeincolour.com /tutorials/high-dynamic-range.htm (3000 words)

	High dynamic range imaging
		In computer graphics and cinematography, high dynamic range imaging is a set of techniques that allow a far greater dynamic range of exposures than normal digital imaging techniques.
		The intention is to accurately represent the wide range of intensity levels found in real scenes, ranging from direct sunlight to the deepest shadows.
		Paul Debevec[?] is widely considered to be the founder of the discipline of high dynamic range imaging.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/High_dynamic_range_imaging.html (69 words)

	VRMAG - HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE IMAGING, PANOSCAN & SPHERON
		HDR means High Dynamic Range; this refers to the contrast ratio between the brightest point or pixel and the darkest point or pixel in a real life scene or image.
		High Dynamic Range formats are 32 bits per color channel and/or store some of the information exponentially.
		I haven't tested how much range you can capture with this camera by bracketing, as the dynamic range of the location where we tested it was not that great.
	vrm.vrway.com /vartist/VR_industry/HIGH_DYNAMIC_RANGE_IMAGING_PANOSCAN_SPHERON.html (1382 words)

	High dynamic range imaging
		In computer graphics and cinematography, high dynamic range imaging (HDRI for short) is a set of techniques that allow a far greater dynamic range of exposures than normal digital imaging techniques.
		Greg Ward (Larson) is widely considered to be the founder of the discipline of high dynamic range imaging.
		The use of high dynamic range imaging in computer graphics has been popularised by the work of Paul Debevec.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/h/hi/high_dynamic_range_imaging.html (178 words)

	High dynamic range imaging in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		In computer graphics and cinematography, 'high dynamic range imaging' (HDRI) is a set of techniques that allow a far greater dynamic range of exposures than normal digital imaging techniques.
		When preparing for display, a high dynamic range image is often tone mapped and combined with several full screen effects.
		Information stored in high dynamic range images usually corresponds to the physical values of luminance or radiance that can be observed in the real world.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/High_dynamic_range_imaging (1406 words)

	The GSMT Book: Chapter 4, Section 4.7.6.1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		AO support high dynamic range imaging by improving the concentration of flux for an unresolved faint source (proportional to S, the Strehl ratio), and by reducing the amplitude of the noncoherent seeing halo (proportional to (1-S)).
		In high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) applications, employing coronagraphy or nulling to suppress the coherent diffraction core results in the detection of the faintest sources usually being limited by speckle structure in the image, rather than by the photon noise.
		High dynamic range imagery of bright sources will often be limited by speckle structure in the uncorrected halo of the bright source rather than by its photon noise, particularly if coronagraphy or nulling is employed to reduce the amplitude of the diffracted component.
	www.aura-nio.noao.edu /book/ch4/4_7_6_1.html (4299 words)

	The Future of Digital Imaging - High Dynamic Range Photography (HDR)
		The word "contrast" is often used interchangeably with dynamic range, though I prefer to use "contrast" to refer to the perceived contrast of a scene, which may be different from the measured dynamic range.
		When the dynamic range of the source scene is too great for any one stage of the process, something must be sacrified: you must either give up detail in the shadows or the highlights.
		Of all imaging tasks, editing is the one that demands the highest dynamic range.
	www.cybergrain.com /tech/hdr (3072 words)

	ImageMagick: High Dynamic-Range Images
		High dynamic-range imaging (HDRI) permits a far greater dynamic range of exposures (i.e.
		HDRI accurately represents the wide range of intensity levels found in real scenes ranging from the brightest direct sunlight to the deepest darkest shadows.
		By default image pixels in ImageMagick are stored as unsigned values that range from 0 to the quantum depth which is typically 16-bits (Q16).
	imagemagick.org /script/high-dynamic-range.php (262 words)

	High Dynamic Range Imaging at spaceship.ca
		The amount of tones between the darkest fl and the brightest white is known as the dynamic range.
		However, as you eye moves around a scene, it quickly adjusts to the amount of light you are focussing on which effectively increases the overall dynamic range of the scene up to a max of around 20 stops.
		High Dynamic Range Imaging (HDR) brings a similar effect to film, by allowing the combination of many different exposures of the same scene into one image using specialized software.
	spaceship.ca /article/155/high-dynamic-range-imaging (494 words)

	What are HDR or High Dynamic Range Images? - Brajeshwar
		HDR or High Dynamic Images are one that can store pixel values that span the whole tonal range of the real-world which are quite high, in the range of 100,000:1.
		However, the number of bits itself may be a misleading indication of the real dynamic range that the image reproduces – converting a Low Dynamic Range image to a higher bit depth, does not change its dynamic range of course.
		Second, the same type of tonal curve is used for converting RAW data to either 8- or 16-bit, which means the dynamic range reproduced does not increase with the bit-depth of the output format.
	www.brajeshwar.com /2006/what-are-hdr-or-high-dynamic-range-images (977 words)

	Photoshop CS2 HDR
		Dynamic range though is one of the limitations that hasn't yielded much over the years to technology's inexorable advances.
		Dynamic range refers to the range of brightness levels that exist in a particular scene – from darkest – before complete and featureless fl, to lightest – before complete featureless white.
		While the majority of day to day scenes are easily handled by this dynamic range, there are situations, especially for the landscape photographer, where more is needed.
	www.luminous-landscape.com /tutorials/hdr.shtml (2484 words)

	Stitched HDRI
		This is a first attempt using fully automatic Gradient Domain High Dynamic Range Compression to compress the bightness range of the HDRI to the range of a computer monitor.
		The scene you photograph to create your curve should have a high dynamic range of light, preferably the entire range of your camera, and the stops of your bracket should be taken in small increments.
		Of course the number would change based on the dynamic range in any given scene but it would be a starting point for estimating the number and increments required.
	www.gregdowning.com /HDRI/stitched (1829 words)

	AHDRIA and High Dynamic Range Imaging
		High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging is the process of taking "photographs" (usually referred to as HDR images) from real-life scenes with a sensitivity and range of light far beyond what normal cameras are capable of capturing.
		The most common method for producing HDR images is to capture a single scene over a range of exposure levels (say, 3-15) and then mathematically combine this collection of low dynamic range (LDR) images into a single HDR image.
		Gradient Domain High Dynamic Range Compression A "Results" page for Fattal, Lischinski and Werman's paper, Gradient Domain HDR Compression; includes HDRI files, algorithm comparisons, and many of the standard benchmark images.
	www.cs.uh.edu /~somalley/hdri_images.html (2851 words)

	Directions in High Dynamic Range Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Dynamic range refers to the ratio of the maximum brightness that a particular display system can produce to its minimum brightness, also called fl level.
		For example, CRT displays in an office environment only have a dynamic range of 1:50, because their maximum brightness is limited and there is a lot of ambient illumination.
		Since this is an analog technology, the dynamic range depends strongly on the input signal and ambient illumination.
	www.cse.yorku.ca /~av/HDR_report.htm (4868 words)

	Range
		A range can be described using the appropriate octave identification, for example, "from one-line c to two-line g".
		There is usually a difference (sometimes a large one) between the total range of the part and a smaller range that the part stays in most of the time (heading to the extreme highs and lows only occasionally).
		It may be in the middle of the range, or at the top or bottom, but writing in the power range should guarantee that the part is easy to play (or sing), sounds clear and strong, and can be easily heard, even when many other instruments are playing.
	cnx.org /content/m12381/latest (1191 words)

	A new approach to dynamic range: Digital Photography Review
		The work of a professor at Columbia University has lead to the invention of a new approach to dynamic range on CCD's.
		Nayar explains that in a conventional imaging chip on a digital camera, for example, all of the light-collecting "pixels'' are equal in the way they collect light, while in the new technology neighboring pixels are exposed differently.
		In their work, the scientists produced images comparable to those produced by a 12-bit digital camera, which has a range of 4,096 brightness levels, even though the imaging system they used had a detector that yields only 8-bits, or 256 brightness levels.
	www.dpreview.com /news/0009/00090702columbiadynrange.asp (748 words)

	High Dynamic Range Imaging: Next Generation Digital Photography and Cinema
		High Dynamic Range Imaging (HDRI for short) is a set of techniques that allow a far greater dynamic range of exposures than normal digital imaging techniques.
		The intention is to accurately represent the wide range of intensity levels found in real scenes, ranging from direct sunlight to the deepest shadows.
		To overcome this problem, we have developed at the MPI Informatik High Dynamic Range (HDR)video compression algorithm that can store complete color information that is visible to the human eye.
	www.idw-online.de /pages/de/news149909 (816 words)

	High Dynamic Range Imaging - Studia AS
		High dynamic range imaging produces images with a much greater range oflight and color than conventional imaging.
		High dynamic range imaging produces images with a much greater range of light and color than conventional imaging.
		"High Dynamic Range Imaging" is the first book to describe this exciting new field that is transforming the media and entertainment industries.
	www.studia.no /vare.php?isbn=0125852630 (1458 words)

	High dynamic range imaging \| Definition in Computer Dictionary \| Define meaning of High dynamic range imaging
		This provides the opportunity to shoot a scene and have total control of the final imaging from the beginning to the end of the photography project.
		One can capture as wide a range of information as possible on location and choose what is wanted later.
		Gregory Ward is widely considered to be the founder of the discipline of high dynamic range imaging.
	www.cpupedia.com /definition/high+dynamic+range+imaging.aspx (231 words)

	High Dynamic Range Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		High dynamic range (HDR) images ameliorate this problem by essentially representing each pixel as a triplet of floating point numbers.
		After a general introduction to tone reproduction, in this presentation two specialized topics relating to tone reproduction are discussed, namely a proposal for validation of tone reproduction algorithms, and the use of color appearance models in high dynamic range imaging.
		He is founder and editor-in-chief of ACM Transactions on Applied Perception, and is also writing a book on high dynamic range imaging which will be published in the summer of 2005 by Morgan Kaufmann.
	www.cs.rit.edu /~spr/CLQABS/erikr.html (216 words)

	Recovering High Dynamic Range Radiance Maps from Photographs
		Neither computer screens nor paper can display nearly the dynamic range (ratio between dark and bright regions) as what is present in the real world, and as a result cameras are not designed to capture even close to such a range.
		There is a variety of light probe images (omnidirectional, high dynamic range measurements of incident illumination) available in the light probe image gallery.
		RADIANCE Synthetic Imaging System image format (Described in Greg Ward's "Real Pixels" article in Graphics Gems II.) They can be viewed on an X11 display using the ximage program and/or converted to floating point data using the "pvalue -df -H -h" program from the RADIANCE package.
	www.debevec.org /Research/HDR (344 words)

	CAVE \| Projects: High Dynamic Range Imaging: Multiple Exposures
		A simple way to acquire a larger dynamic range of scene radiances is by combining several exposures of the scene.
		The computed response function is used to fuse the multiple images into a single high dynamic range radiance image.
		Using this algorithm, we demonstrated the emulation of cameras with a variety of response functions, ranging from linear to logarithmic.
	www1.cs.columbia.edu /CAVE/projects/hdr_me/hdr_me.php (439 words)

	HDR
		Often a 24 bit range is not sufficient to capture all of the highlight or shadow detail present in a scene.
		This high dynamic range information is combined and the tonal range is reduced using a means of tonal mapping.
		Another use for HDR images is to actually capture the full dynamic range of a scene for scientific or industrial uses.
	www.panoscan.com /HDR.html (629 words)

	How to Create High Dynamic Range Images - - PopPhotoSeptember 2006
		It may have been perfect shooting conditions in the field, with a graduated neutral density filter or some other filter stacking combo, or maybe it was painstakingly crafted in Photoshop with tons of dodging and burning and layer masking.
		Often explained as "seeing more like the human eye," HDR imaging combines several shots of a given scene to overcome the exposure range limitations of traditional single-shot photography -- and the final results have much more detail from shadows to highlights, and everywhere in between.
		HDR imaging has exploded over the past year, with discussion groups and websites devoted to techniques and critiquing the results.
	www.popphoto.com /howto/3038/how-to-create-high-dynamic-range-images.html (536 words)

	AHDRIA and High Dynamic Range Imaging
		High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging is the process of taking "photographs" (usually referred to as HDR images) from real-life scenes with a sensitivity and range of light far beyond what normal cameras are capable of capturing.
		The most common method for producing HDR images is to capture a single scene over a range of exposure levels (say, 3-15) and then mathematically combine this collection of low dynamic range (LDR) images into a single HDR image.
		Gradient Domain High Dynamic Range Compression A "Results" page for Fattal, Lischinski and Werman's paper, Gradient Domain HDR Compression; includes HDRI files, algorithm comparisons, and many of the standard benchmark images.
	www2.cs.uh.edu /~somalley/hdri_images.html (2859 words)

	High Dynamic Range Imaging - PictureCorrect Photography Tips
		One of the most common problems photographers face is taking pictures with both a very bright and a very dark part in the image.
		The dynamic range is defined as the brightness ratio between the brightest and the darkest point in an image.
		Therefore, the conceptual and practical solution to the high dynamic range imaging could be just like that: increase the bits per channel as necessary.
	www.picturecorrect.com /photographytips/high_dynamic_range_imaging_techniques.htm (984 words)

	High Dynamic Range Imaging
		The range between light and dark is limited in photography.
		The solution is to take several pictures ranging from over-exposed (which show shadow detail) to under-exposed (revealing bright details).
		Not only is the dynamic range improved by HDR, but the colours are much closer to the original rich tones of this lovely church.
	members.tripod.com /~NZPhoto/hdr1.htm (248 words)

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