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	Case law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the civil law tradition, case law formally plays a minor role compared to the status of the civil code; however, judicial interpretation of the civil code, interpreting the legal meaning of the code's provisions, clarifying them, and providing for unforeseen developments, is often referred to as a juriprudence constante.
		In France, the jurisprudence constante of the Cour de cassation (for civil and penal cases) or the Conseil d'État (for administrative cases) is in practice equivalent to case law, and is of considerable import in certain domains such as labor law or administrative law.
		High Trees House Ltd [1947] K.B. The different roles of case law in civil and common law traditions create differences in the way that courts render their decisions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Case_law (888 words)

	Tree - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trees are important components of the natural landscape and significant elements in landscaping and agriculture, supplying orchard crops (such as apples).
		The earliest trees were tree ferns and horsetails, which grew in vast forests in the Carboniferous Period; tree ferns still survive, but the only surviving horsetails are not of tree form.
		For example, most palm trees are not branched, the saguaro cactus of North America has no functional leaves, tree ferns do not produce bark, etc. Based on their general shape and size, all of these are nonetheless generally regarded as trees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tree (2091 words)

	Justis - ICLR Special Issue - Central London Property Trust Ltd v. High Trees House Ltd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		They are cases in which a promise was made which was intended to create legal relations and which, to the knowledge of the person making the promise, was going to be acted on by the person to whom it was made and which was in fact so acted on.
		In each case the court held the promise to be binding on the party making it, even though under the old common law it might be difficult to find any consideration for it.
		If the case had been one of estoppel, it might be said that in any event the estoppel would cease when the conditions to which the representation applied came to an end, or it also might be said that it would only come to an end on notice.
	www.justis.com /titles/iclr_s4720014.html (2244 words)

	Trees of the Ogham
		It is one of the first trees to colonize an area after a mature forest is cut; this is probably a large part of its symbolic connection with new beginnings.
		It is not a tree of northern regions, however; it is commonest in central Europe and is replaced by other conifers in the north.
		Graves (1966) makes a case for an additional "blank" ogham, "the unhewn dolmen arch", which he assigns to the mistletoe, a plant for which there is abundant evidence of its ritual importance to the Celts.
	www.csupomona.edu /~jcclark/ogham/ogh-tree.html (2575 words)

	Trees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall and are bare all winter.
		There is a group of trees that I have selected for landscape or parkways to be planted, rather than the old common trees like Ash, Birch, Elm, or Pepper trees.
		Topping may also shorten a tree’s life, both because the resultant large wounds are exposed to decay and insect attack and because the process removes much of the leafy growth needed to manufacture food for the tree to heal.
	www.landscapedoctor.net /pages/trees.htm (2266 words)

	Essay: What apparent problems did the doctrine present to Denning J in the High Trees case; and how did he resolve ...
		In the case of High Trees [1947] KB 135, Denning J redefined the doctrine of consideration by inviting the doctrine of promissory estoppel within a contract.
		According to the doctrine of precedent, Denning J was not overturning the decision made in the House of Lords case of Jorden v.
		In the case of High Trees, tenants were promised by the landlord to have the rate of their leases at £2,500 a year to be by 50% owing to the bombing during the Second World
	www.coursework.info /University/Law/What_apparent_problems_did_the_doctrine_present_to_Denning_J_L365.html (324 words)

	[No title]
		It might be thought that their only difference from 'inherent risk' cases is that the risk is a variable quantity, with the particular amount in a given case depending on the specific situations or factors that exist.
		Since the County would be the defendant, they would have to defend their trees in court, and whatever arguments they use can then be used later to protect the trees should the courts rule in the county's favor.
		Trees don't last forever and (as environmental groups tell you in other contexts) are renewable resources.
	ethics.tamu.edu /pritchar/trees.htm (4694 words)

	Sacred Places: Trees and the Sacred
		Trees have been invested in all cultures with a dignity unique to their own nature, and tree cults, in which a single tree or a grove of trees is worshipped, have flourished at different times almost everywhere.
		The oak tree was also sacred to Zeus, especially the tree at the sanctuary of Zeus in Dodona which also served as an oracle; it would seem the rustling of the leaves was regarded as the voice of Zeus and the sounds interpreted by priestesses.
		In the Old Testament, trees are also associated with the ancient Canaanite religion devoted to the mother goddess Asherah which the Israelites, intent on establishing their monotheistic cult of Yahweh, saught to suppress and replace.
	witcombe.sbc.edu /sacredplaces/trees.html (2614 words)

	Public Domain Content: Case law
		In the civil law tradition, case law formally plays a minor role compared to the status of the civil code, however judicial interpretation of the civil code has interpreted the legal meaning of the code provision clarifying them and providing for unforeseen developments and as such is often referred to as a juriprudence constante.
		A famous example of this evolution in jurisprudence was by Lord Denning, first of the High Court of England and Wales, later of the House of Lords in his development of the concept of estoppel starting in the world renowned High Trees case: Central London Property Trust Ltd. v.
		They also render their decisions so that in some cases it is somewhat difficult to apply previous decisions to future ones.
	www.publicdock.com /Law/Case_law.shtml (788 words)

	Class notes CS251B: Topic 8: Intro to trees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A binary tree consists of a root with no children, or a root with one left child, or a root with one right child, or a root with both a left and a right child.
		They are, in addition, the "flattest" type of tree, ie, they have the largest node to height ratio, where "height" is the maximum distance (number of edges traversed) between the root and any node in the tree.
		The position of an element in the tree is implied by its position in the array: it is an implicit data structure.
	www.cs.mcgill.ca /~cs251/OldCourses/1997/topic8 (2791 words)

	TreeFlow - Background Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Tree growth is generally controlled by climate conditions during the year prior to and including the growing season.
		Trees growing in these types of sites are also less likely to be subject to non-climatic disturbances (such as fires and insect infestation) and the effects of competition from nearby trees.
		Trees used in hydroclimatic reconstructions are not necessarily located in the same watershed as the instumental or gage records.
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /paleo/streamflow/background.html (2060 words)

	Early History - Alfred Denning, Baron Denning
		He was called to the bar in 1923, and was appointed a High Court of Justice judge and Knight Bachelor in 1944.
		Only four years later he was appointed a Court of Appeal of England and Wales as well as a Privy Counsellor, and in 1957 he became a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary with a life peerage as Baron Denning, of Whitchurch in the County of Southampton.
		High Trees House Ltd 1947 K.B. 130 brought him into the forefront of judicial reasoning for his innovative approach to case-based reasoning when he developed the principle of equitable estoppel as applied to contract law.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Acacia1327/alfred-denning-baron-denning-early-history.html (310 words)

	Biotechnology in Food and Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Biotechnologies based on molecular markers can be used to, inter alia: (i) quantify genetic diversity between populations and individual trees; (ii) identify genotypes in taxonomic studies, biological studies and "genetic fingerprinting"; and (iii) locate genes affecting quantitative traits of economic importance.
		High costs are currently an impediment to the direct use of micropropagated material in forestry programmes.
		It is acknowledged that biosafety aspects of genetically modified trees need careful consideration, especially because of the long generation time of trees and the potential for dispersal of pollen and seed over long distances.
	www.fao.org /biotech/sector5.asp (494 words)

	Legume trees and other fodder trees as protein sources for livestock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Sugar cane and trees have well developed systems of biological pest control, require minimum synthetic chemical inputs and are easily separated into high and low fibre fractions as required for the different end uses of feed for monogastric and ruminant animals and fuel.
		This tree is native to the Andean foothills in Colombia.
		The treatment of tree foliage to improve their nutritive value, to remove secondary plant compounds and to enable the longer term storage of feed material is now a high priority for future research.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/T0632E/T0632E13.htm (2296 words)

	Chlorosis on Trees
		This is the case with large amounts of limestone or ash, a deficiency of potassium, or excessive applications of fertilizers high in phosphorus.
		Many of the cases we have seen at the Plant Clinic are on oaks, birch, and sweetgum.
		For many trees, especially shallowly rooted trees, it would help considerably to water in periods of drought lasting 2 weeks, remove dead wood in the tree to promote vitality and avoid wood rots, and fertilize in the fall with a balanced tree fertilizer.
	www.ag.uiuc.edu /cespubs/hyg/secure/subscribers/200014d.html (554 words)

	Raising Cattle and Timber for Profit: Making Informed Decisions about Woodland Grazing
		Trees such as white and burr oaks and some pines are far more adapted to withstand grazing than trees such as aspen and birch.
		In crop tree management, as few as five to more than ten trees per acre can be selected as candidate “crop trees.” Crop trees are the best trees in the woodlot.
		Silvopasture is the cultivation of forage, trees and cattle on the same piece of land.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/naturalresources/DD8128.html (1665 words)

	Judgement - Rawlinson case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The appellant in that case claimed that he had made an agreement with the respondent that the appellant would supply information about gold mines and concessions in West Africa, in return for which he should receive a share in the concessions and a reasonable sum for the information that he provided.
		In that case there was an employee remunerated in the usual way by means of salary but her employer, the defendant, offered to pay her, in recognition of past services and additional responsibility which she was to undertake, a bonus on the net trading profits of the business rather than increase her salary.
		In that case a plaintiff builder supplied estimates to the defendant, who used the estimates in connection with his war damage claims, but the building contract pursuant to which the estimates were submitted was never completed.
	www.ucc.ie /law/restitution/archive/englcases/rawl.htm (8719 words)

	Contract Law, Part 3: Consideration & Deeds
		In this case, the past services (consideration) were done at the request of the subsequent promisor and it was implicit that there would be payment.
		This case involved a stock broker that made a professional error and then signed a document promising to pay his employer back for the damages sustained because of that mistake.
		This case was also important because it refused to allow arguments of a "dominating bargaining relationship (undue influence or economic duress) where businessmen are negotiating at arm's length....
	www.duhaime.org /contract/ca-con3.aspx (2707 words)

	TREES
		A large-scale project initiated in the early 1990s, the TREES (TRopical Ecosystem Environment observations by Satellite) project, is dedicated to the development of techniques for global tropical forest inventory and for monitoring deforestation using satellite imagery.
		The second phase of the TREES project (1996-1999) is funded by the Directorate General -XI (Environment) of the European Commission.
		A future aspect of the TREES II work will be to link direct observations, case studies, and models in an effort to identify dominant processes in land-use/land-cover changes and to select and calibrate models which will feed task 3.2.
	www.geo.ucl.ac.be /LUCC/research/endorsed/14-trees/TREES.HTML (1672 words)

	Trees and Utility Lines: A Battle to Avoid
		The conflict between trees and utility lines is fresh on my mind, having just experienced the power company removing a significant number of limbs from two lovely old pine trees in the right-of-way behind my property.
		But for many homeowners, some of these trees might be planted in someone's memory or be where their children played happily during an earlier time.
		There are a number of reliable tree species that remain small enough that they should not pose a threat, even when they are mature.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /ext/trees_utilities.html (387 words)

	Trees
		This graceful, yellow/orange-flowering tree is native to Colombia and Venezuela.
		A member of the Annonaceae family, this tree is related to the sugar apple and soursop and grows to about 40 or 50 feet in South Florida.
		It is not generally known that the term "Banyan" does not refer to a particular tree species, but rather, to a form of growth, which is that of a huge tree with spreading canopy and massive prop "roots".
	www.zoneten.com /FloweringTrees.htm (1589 words)

	Scientist at Purdue uses DNA evidence to solve 'tree rustling' case
		Tree rustling, or tree poaching, a crime analogous to cattle rustling, occurs when trees are illegally taken from private or public lands.
		The types of trees most likely to fall to this crime are those prized for fine furniture, cabinetry and veneers, including walnut, cherry and white oak, Woeste said.
		Woeste and colleagues recently completed a survey of Indiana's walnut trees and compiled a large database of genetic information to be used in his research on improving the genetic quality of Indiana's hardwood trees.
	news.uns.purdue.edu /UNS/html3month/2004/040701.Woeste.rustling.html (896 words)

	Case 8
		High storm waves often destroy these plants, so they are considered temporary.
		anchineel trees are often feared in the Caribbean for their poisonous fruits and the painful rashes their sap causes.
		While it is a useful tree, since it provides milk, ‘meat’, oil and other products, it is very shallow-rooted and easily undermined by high waves.
	www.unesco.org /csi/pub/source/ero21.htm (1501 words)

	29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: Part 1
		As explained in the phylogenetic caveats sidebar, gene trees are not equivalent to species trees (Avise and Wollenberg 1997; Fitch 1970; Hudson 1992; Nichols 2001; Wu 1991).
		Our standard tree shows that the bird grouping is most closely related to the reptilian grouping, with a node linking the two (A in Figure 1); thus we predict the possibility of finding fossil intermediates between birds and reptiles.
		As mentioned earlier, most phylogenetic trees have some branches with high confidence, because they are well-supported by the data, and other branches in which we have less confidence, because they are statistically less significant and poorly supported by the data.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/comdesc/section1.html (12356 words)

	ABD case study: High Trees CDT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		High Trees Community Development Trust (HTCDT) was set up as a not-for profit limited company in May 1998, and registered as a charity in February 2000.
		The Trust was set up to encourage and enable individuals and small groups resident on St Martin’s Estate and neighbourhood to set up and run projects for the benefit of all sectors of the diverse community.
		In February 2000 High Trees CDT was given license to use the former St Martins Library Centre building as a Community Resource and Information Centre.
	www.dta.org.uk /Content/current_activities/cs_htcdt.htm (679 words)

	OUP: UK General Catalogue
		The first is the variation of contracts by subsequent agreement, where developments in the doctrines of consideration and estoppel are discussed in the light of Williams v Roffey Bros and Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd and the High Trees case.
		The second is the battle over privity of contract, discussed mainly in the light of the Midlands Silicone case and Beswick v Beswick; much of this discussion retains its practical importance even after the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.
		Cross-overs (i) High Trees and increasing pacts (ii) Williams v Roffey and decreasing pacts
	www.oup.com /uk/catalogue/?ci=9780199255757&view=00&promo=jan0575 (479 words)

	Agriculture Quarterly - Oregon Department of Agriculture
		Much like the Christmas tree industry, these trees are planted and harvested well within 12 years — much sooner than the usual timber harvest.
		When first hand planted, Potlatch placed 545 trees per acre — a tight fit for poplars that would be harvested every six or seven years.
		In this case, you can see the forest for the trees whether on the ground by car or in space by satellite.
	www.oda.state.or.us /Information/AQ/AQFall2001/04.html (994 words)

	Ohio Trees - Black Tupelo
		Black Tupelo is native to the entire Eastern United States, and is found in all of Ohio except for the driest counties in the northwestern part of the state.
		In youth, the tree is often pyramidal, but this is not always the case.
		Black Tupelo has female and male flowers on separate trees, but with each of these trees having the possibility of a few perfect flowers interspersed as well (making it a polygamo-dioecious species).
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /Forestry/trees/tupelo_black.htm (570 words)

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