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	High voltage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		High voltages may lead to electrical breakdown resulting in an electrical discharge as illustrated by the plasma filaments streaming from a Tesla coil.
		High voltage is used in electrical power distribution, in cathode-ray tubes, to generate X-rays and particle beams, to demonstrate arcing, for ignition, in photomultiplier tubes, and high power amplifier vacuum tubes.
		High voltage circuit breakers often use a blast of high pressure air, a special dielectric gas (such as SF6 under pressure), or immersion in mineral oil to quench the arc when the high voltage circuit is broken.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/High_voltage_differential (2037 words)

	Differential TTL - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Differential TTL is a type of binary electrical signalling based on the TTL (transistor-transistor logic) standard.
		The "low" voltage level is zero to 0.8 volts, and the "high" voltage level is 2 volts to 5 volts.
		Differential TTL signalling was used in the Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) standard devised by IBM, but this is mostly obsolete.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Differential_TTL (377 words)

	High-voltage differential signalling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		High-voltage differential (HVD) signalling is an electrical signalling system using high-voltage signals, as opposed to low-voltage differential signalling (see LVDS).
		In computer electronics, "high voltage" normally means 5 volts or more.
		Since any interference to the signals coming from external sources is likely to influence the two wires by an equal amount, leading to a 'common mode' signal which is removed by the receiver, the maximum cable length is increased compared with single-ended circuitry.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /High-voltage_differential_signalling (240 words)

	Low voltage differential signaling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		LVDS is a differential signaling system, which means that it transmits two different voltages which are compared at the receiver.
		The low common-mode voltage (the average of the voltages on the two wires) of about 1.25 V allows LVDS to be used with a wide range of integrated circuits with power supply voltages down to 2.5 V or lower.
		Its high speed, and its use of in-channel synchronisation, makes it possible to send serial data faster than could be done with a parallel bus, and using fewer wires.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/low_voltage_differential_signaling (919 words)

	General Test & Measurement Accessories
		High voltage probes are useful for measuring voltages beyond the standard input range for the oscilloscope.
		The low voltage differential probes are used primarily to measure extremely low signal levels, often in the microvolts, up to moderate levels of several volts.
		High voltage differential probes are very useful in measuring moderately high voltages found in industrial environments.
	www.atcweb.com /gentmass.htm (1075 words)

	Ultra2 SCSI Low Voltage Differential (LVD) Drives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Low Voltage Differential (LVD) devices are defined under the Ultra2 subset of the SCSI-3 standard.
		HVD devices require a special controller and are not compatible with LVD or single-ended devices; therefore, when DiffSens senses an HVD device, it disables the operation.
		The low voltage and current component of LVD allows the differential transceivers to be implemented into the drive's on-board SCSI controller, eliminating the need for separate and costly external high voltage differential components.
	www.seagate.com /support/kb/disc/ultra2.html (702 words)

	High Voltage Differential Tutorial, SCSI
		High Voltage Differential is different from the regular SCSI you encounter in most computer stores today.
		Why not HVD???: HVD was great for it's purpose in the past, but a new technology has arrived that makes HVD obsolete.
		LVD aka Low Voltage Differential is out, allowing 12 meters of maximum bus length.
	www.cablemakers.com /hvd.htm (295 words)

	High voltage differential - The Jiggies Reference Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		High voltage differential stands for an electrical signalling system using high voltage, as in opposite to low voltage differential signalling (see LVD).
		This is because the signal on the wires is not received as a delta of a signal wire to ground, but as the difference between pairs of wires not related to ground (hence the term "differential").
		The principles regarding frequency and power level for the first primitive RADAR units used high voltage, high frequency alternating currents.
	www.jiggies.com /reference/High_voltage (326 words)

	High-voltage differential input receiver (US6525607)
		The differential input receiver includes a first stage, a second stage, and a third stage, which incrementally reduce in stages the common mode of a differential signal received from the external channel.
		During a power-down mode, clamping circuits in the differential input receiver clamp the voltage at nodes in the differential input receiver, and clamp the differential output from the first stage, to a predetermined voltage to prevent electrical overstress of oxide layers of n-channel and p-channel devices in the differential input receiver.
		Consequently, electrical overstress of oxide layers is prevented, and the voltage swing level of inputs from the external channel is reduced in stages from a higher voltage level to a lower voltage level.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US06525607 (300 words)

	Low voltage differential signaling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The low common-mode (the average of the voltages on the wires) of about 1.25 V allows LVDS be used with a wide range of circuits with power supply voltages down to V or lower.
		The low differential voltage 350 mV as stated above causes LVDS consume very little power compared to other For example the static power dissipation in LVDS load resistor is 1.2 mW compared the 90 mW dissipated by the load for an RS-422 signal.
		high speed and its use of in-channel makes it possible to send serial data than could be done with a parallel and using fewer wires.
	www.freeglossary.com /LVD (911 words)

	high voltage drivers - modulators - amplifiers - pulse generators
		This differential drive technique increases the lifetime of the modulator by maintaining a zero mean voltage across its terminals.
		However, the relatively low voltage requirements of the transverse field RTP Pockels cell allow Leysop to switch the high voltage at high repetition rates with acceptable power consumption at the driver.
		Safety is paramount and the high voltage output is provided by a safe high voltage (SHV) form of the BNC connector and a matching lead is supplied to connect to the Pockels cell terminals.
	www.eoc-inc.com /driver_amplifiers_pulse_generators.htm (693 words)

	Terms
		Used solely with a differential SCSI bus (where all devices are of the High Voltage Differential type).
		This type of terminator was introduced to eliminate/reduce unwanted oscillations in bus signals; the principle is to clamp voltages when they otherwise would rise too high and to feed current into the line to eliminate undershooting of a signal.
		The Low Voltage Differential is a requirement for the higher speeds at a reasonable cost and is the only way to have adequate skew budgets.
	www.micro-a.com /Terminators/scsi_terminat_terms/scsi_terminat_terms.html (416 words)

	Single-Ended (SE) and Differential (High Voltage Differential, HVD) Signaling
		Conventional logic is used: a positive voltage is a "one", and a zero voltage (ground) is a "zero".
		Differential SCSI is a great idea in theory, and one might have thought it would become very popular.
		High voltage differential signaling has been around since the earliest SCSI-1 standard, so devices have been theoretically available as either SE or HVD since the start of SCSI use on the PC--of course, whether any particular model has been implemented in HVD is another story altogether.
	www.storagereview.com /guide2000/ref/hdd/if/scsi/protDiff.html (1005 words)

	Low voltage differential signaling - TheBestLinks.com - Ampere, Computer, Computer network, Computer bus, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This is unlike the more common technique of single-ended signalling, in which the transmitter generates a single voltage that the receiver compares with a fixed reference voltage, both relative to a common ground connection shared by both ends.
		The high voltage levels give the signals some immunity from noise, since few naturally occurring signals can create that sort of voltage.
		Other examples include differential ECL, PECL, RS-422 and RS-485, but LVDS is currently the only scheme that combines low power dissipation with high speed.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Low_voltage_differential_signaling.html (1047 words)

	Tektronix: Products > Accessories > High Voltage Probes
		High Voltage Measurement Solutions extend your oscilloscope's ability to safely and accurately capture real time signal information from "elevated" or "floating" voltage systems.
		Whether the measurement is a floating voltage level or an elevated voltage referenced to earth ground will determine which solution you choose.
		High Voltage Differential Probe offerings safely extend the measurement capabilities of your oscilloscope for elevated voltage levels not referenced to earth ground.
	www.tek.com /products/accessories/oscilloscope_probes/high_voltage.html (290 words)

	LVD - Ultra2 SCSI Low Voltage Differential Drives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Industry wide, the terms Low Voltage Differential (LVD) and Ultra2 SCSI are used interchangeably.
		The low voltage and current components of LVD allow the differential transceivers to be implemented onto the drive's on-board SCSI controller, eliminating the need for separate and costly external high voltage differential components.
		High Voltage Differential (HVD) devices require a special controller and are not compatible with LVD or single-ended devices; therefore, when DiffSens senses an HVD device, it disables the operation.
	www.seagate.com /support/kb/disc/ultra2_scsi_lvd.html (1047 words)

	High-voltage differential driver using stacked low-breakdown transistors and nested-miller compensation (US6760381)
		The output stage uses p-channel and n-channel driver transistors that are coupled to differential outputs through cascode transistors.
		A common-mode voltage is fed back to a second stage to adjust signals for deviations in the common-mode output bias.
		Nested miller compensation stabilizes the amplifier using capacitors between the final outputs and the four signals from the second stage and the differential signals from the first stage.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06760381__ (586 words)

	Rancho.com - SCSI, SCSI Expander, SCSI Expanders, SCSI Converter, SCSI Converters, SCSI Expander, SCSI Expanders, SCSI ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Any application where converting HVD devices to LVD, HVD to SE or where longer cables on a single-ended LVD or HVD SCSI interface is required.
		RTLVD-3HVD - The RTLVD-3HVD is a 3-1/2 Drive Bay LVD to HVD (Differential-ended) and HVD to SE (Single-ended) SCSI Converter.
		RTLVD-PHVD4R - The RTLVD-PHVD4R is a Stand-alone LVD/SE to HVD or HVD to LVD/SE SCSI Converter.
	www.rancho.com /Products.aspx?ID=28&Model=RTLVD-HVDCD (699 words)

	Accessories - Differential Probe - SI-9002 - TiePie engineering
		The differential input is useful in measurements of power semiconductor circuits, as no reference to ground is required.
		The Differential Probe - SI-9002 is small and light, so it can be used in a very convenient way; just plug it into the input of, for example, the Handyscope HS3.
		The supplied voltage must be less than 12V and greater than 4.4V, otherwise the probe could be damaged or can’t be operated properly.
	www.tiepie.nl /pages/uk/si9002.html (301 words)

	ADF25A High Voltage Differential Probe for DSO : Link Instruments Inc.
		The ADF25A is an active oscilloscope probe which permits differential measurements to be made with a conventional grounded oscilloscope.
		The probe incorporates a dual balanced differential switched attenuator system which is combined in a single ended output which can be fed directly to a one channel of an oscilloscope.
		Because the output and power connections are ground referenced and separated from the differential inputs, a specially isolated power supply is not required and two or more probes may be powered from a standard power supply.
	www.linkinstruments.com /adf25.htm (438 words)

	SNIA - Storage Networking Industry Association: Dictionary U
		Differential Ultra SCSI supports bus lengths of up to 25 meters.
		Low voltage differential (LVD) Ultra2 SCSI supports bus lengths of up to 12 meters.
		High voltage differential Ultra2 SCSI supports bus lengths of up to 25 meters.
	www.snia.org /education/dictionary/u (791 words)

	LVD Drives
		Recently a number of organizations have attempted to use the newer Low Voltage Wide (LW) or Low Voltage Differential drives, which are easily obtainable, as a replacement for the older WD drives.
		This is because the older drives use a high voltage wide differential logic defined under the Small Computer Standard Interface (SCSI) 2 ULTRA specification, while the newer LVD drives use a low voltage differential logic defined under the SCSI 3 ULTRA2 specification.
		The second solution is to use a translation device manufactured by Rancho Technology, Inc. These translation devices are available to support HVD to LVD drives as well as HVD to single ended devices.
	www.hummingbirdcomp.com /lvd.htm (469 words)

	Tektronix: Products > High Voltage Differential Probes - P5200 * P5205 * P5210: Introduction
		The P5200 Active Differential Probe converts floating signals to low voltage ground referenced signals that can be displayed safely and easily on any ground referenced oscilloscope.
		The P5210 is a Differential Probe that is capable of measuring floating voltages up to 5,600 V (DC +pk AC) safely and has a bandwidth up to 50 MHz.
		It is supplied with two sizes of hook tips and has an overrange visual and audible indicator which warns the user when they are exceeding the linear range of the probe.
	www.tek.com /site/ps/0,,51-11195-INTRO_EN,00.html (252 words)

	Accessories - Differential Probe - SI-9002 - TiePie engineering
		Using a built-in differential amplifier, it scales and converts the high voltage differential input to a low voltage single ended BNC output.
		The wide bandwidth and the high accuracy of this Differential Probe cater for a wide range of applications.
		Voltage limit is the lesser of the DC+Peak AC and RMS values.
	www.tiepie.com /uk/products/Accessories/Differential_Probe_SI9002.html (301 words)

	LVD SCSI Cables and Terminators
		Low Voltage Differential, LVD SCSI is defined under the Ultra subset of the SCSI-3 standard.
		That's double the fastest SCSI-2 standard (40 Mbytes/sec), and immensely ahead of the SCSI-1 standard used prior to 1992 in which SCSI bus rates were as slow as 3 Mbytes/sec.
		2) "High Voltage Differential" or just "Differential" - HVD is/was great for applications where you have devices a long ways apart from each other or if you are in a high noise environment.
	www.connectworld.net /cables/lvd100.html (813 words)

	Low voltage differential signaling - The Jiggies Reference Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The high voltage levels used to make the signals largely immune to noise, since few naturally occurring signals can create that sort of voltage.
		However when using smaller voltages, the chance of mistaking random environmental noise for signal becomes much more of a problem.
		The voltage difference between the two wires comprises about 300 millivolts.
	www.jiggies.com /reference/LVDS (562 words)

	National Semiconductor Corporation? today announced two new high-performance members of its growing family of ...
		The chipset is based on the LVDS technology which provides high speed data transfer while maintaining low noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference), low cost and minimal power consumption.
		The combination of high data transmission rate and low-voltage operation provides an ideal, cost-effective solution for a wide range of today?s applications, including moving video data between boards or boxes in a system.
		Even the large amounts of data inherent in full-motion video and 3-D graphics can be moved at high frequencies without requiring large amounts of power or creating noise and EMI problems.
	www.national.com /news/item/0,1735,28,00.html (548 words)

	Westek Electronics - High voltage differential probe
		THE new Schaffner MD200 high voltage differential probe, available from Westek Electronics, is suitable for the verification of voltage surge pulse outputs from EMC test generators.
		The use of the Schaffner MD200 differential probe avoids any safety hazard associated with the single input probes which can render oscilloscope or other measuring instrument chassis at mains plus peak voltage potential.
		The MD200 is also suitable for the safe measurement of power line voltages thereby avoiding the use of specially adapted oscilloscopes.
	www.ferret.com.au /articles/33/0c016633.asp (234 words)

	Notes about the Adaptec 2940U2W host adapter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Unless your jukebox has a Low Voltage Differential (LVD) SCSI interface, Pegasus recommends using an Adaptec AHA-2930 Ultra or AHA-2940 Ultra for external single-ended SCSI 2 peripherals instead of the AHA-2940U2W.
		The Adaptec 2940U2W SCSI adapter was a good choice for high performance workstations and servers with SCSI internal devices however, it is not well suited for external devices that rely on the single-ended SCSI 2 interface.
		The low voltage differential SCSI interface (U2W/U3W/Ultra160/Ultra320) have not yet surfaced as an option on most optical libraries available today.
	www.pegasus-ofs.com /eSupport/aha2940u2w.htm (662 words)

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