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Topic: Hijaz line

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	Saudi Aramco World : Pilgrim's Road
		Since labor along the line was nonexistent—there were Bedouins, of course, but those sons of the desert scorned manual labor as not befitting free men—the Turkish Army supplied the deficiency with a draft of 5,630 enlisted troops, mostly from Syrian and Iraqi regiments.
		Lacking lateral access to the projected line, for there were then, as now, few roads in the area able to bear heavy loads, the construction crews were obliged to carry all food, fuel and building materials with them as they went, instead of stockpiling them along the route where needed.
		Considering that the line had been laid down half a century previously, had been subjected to systematic sabotage for two years by British and Arab raiders, and had received no maintenance at all south of Ma'an since 1917, the line was in surprisingly good shape.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/196505/pilgrim.s.road.htm (4233 words)

	Hejaz railway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1913 a new station, the Hijaz Station, was opened in central Damascus as the starting point of the line (Damascus to Medina is 1300 km (820 miles)).
		The line was repeatedly damaged in fighting during the First World War, particularly at the hands of the guerrilla force led by T.
		An attempt was made to re-open the line in the mid 1960s, but this was abandoned due to the Six Day War in 1967.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hejaz_railway (641 words)

	Latif's Cavern: 08/01/2002 - 08/31/2002 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is the fundamental fault line within the Middle East, which is the primary reason as to why a political solution for the Kurds is not being agreed upon.
		Hijaz is an independent entity from Saudi Arabia and is renowned for its cosmopolitanism.
		The Hijaz is not a source of great wealth and were it to become independent it would be entirely dependent on American aid in the initial years.
	latif.blogspot.com /2002_08_01_latif_archive.html (15790 words)

	North_Hijaz
		The old railway line is in fact, the old Turkish - Hejaz railway built at the beginning of the 20th century and became famous in the West when Lawrence of Arabia decided to attack it a few times.
		The rail line hasn't been used in 80 years, and there isn't much left to it, but it is enough to make an interesting trip.
		He had a second map which had a dashed line from Deesah back to Tabuk representing what we assumed to be a dirt track back to Tabuk.
	www.baynardscastle.com /adventures/n_hijaz.html (4163 words)

	Kashmir, Ted Thornton, NMH, Northfield Mount Hermon
		The wording in the agreement said the line was to continue "north to the glaciers." On this basis, India claimed the area for itself while Pakistan argued that the Kashmiris should have been free to decide their own future through a plebiscite (the population was mostly Muslim).
		From the Indian point of view, the language of the 1949 agreement was clear: "north to the glaciers" meant a line going slightly northwest along the natural watershed of the Saltoro peaks.
		The Pakistanis were equally sure: the phrasing intended the line to continue northeasterly as it did through the rest of Kashmir.
	www.nmhschool.org /tthornton/mehistorydatabase/kashmir.php (597 words)

	Emerging Markets Economic Briefings
		One of the principle difficulties - as with the Hijaz line - is that of gauge.
		Both lines were built over a century ago and are narrow gauge (105 cm), which would need to be expanded to standard gauge (143 cm) if they were to take more modern, higher-capacity, rolling stock.
		The Hijaz line, while still in need of great improvement, is proving to be a great success in shipping goods between Jordan and Syria.
	www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com /weekly01.asp?id=925 (1100 words)

	THE HIJAZ RAILROAD LINE ON THE DARB AL HAJJ AL SHAMI (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jordan heritage extends to the ordinary dwellings of peasants and urban dwellers, to the cultural landscapes of rural Jordan, and to the Ottoman infrastructure of the pilgrimage forts and later the stations of the significant Hijaz Railroad Line.
		The Hijaz under the Ottomans was very much dependant on its food supply (e.g., mainly grains) on Egypt and Bilad al Sham, such supplies were ordered and orchestrated by the Ottoman administration due to the ultimate religious importance of the Hijaz as the Holy land that housed Mecca and Medina.
		Later on after the inception of the Hijaz Railroad Line during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid, the departure of the Surra Procession was initiated from the Yildiz Hamidiye Mosque in Istanbul.
	www.akmb.gov.tr /turkce/books/osmanli/r.daher.htm (8293 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Arabia
		It is a peninsula of an irregularly triangular form, or rather, an irregular parallelogram, bounded on the north by Syria and the Syrian desert; on the south by the Indian Ocean, on the east by the Persian Gulf and Babylonia, and on the west by the Red Sea.
		Its outlying circle is girt by a line of mountains low and sterile, although, towards Yemen and Oman, on the lower south-west and lower south-east, these mountains attain a considerable height, breadth, and fertility.
		The second is Hijaz, on the west coast and including Mecca and Medina, the two famous centres of Islam.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01663a.htm (12127 words)

	Saudi Arabia the Middle Ages
		When the caliph was strong, he controlled the Hijaz, but after the ninth century the caliph's power weakened and the Hijaz became a target for any ruler who sought to establish his authority in the Islamic world.
		It was more arid and barren than the Hijaz and was surrounded on three sides by deserts and separated from the Hijaz by mountains.
		To the west was the Hijaz, which derived a cosmopolitan quality from the foreign traffic that moved continually through it.
	www.country-studies.com /saudi-arabia/the-middle-ages.html (1439 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Baghdad Railway (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The line runs from Istanbul, Turkey, to Basra, Iraq; it connected what were distant regions of the Ottoman Empire.
		Immediate protests were made to Turkey by France, Russia, and, particularly, Great Britain, which saw in the projected line a direct threat to its empire in India.
		By playing on imperialistic rivalries, the construction of the railroad was a factor in bringing about World War I. By the end of the war only a stretch between Mosul and Samarra remained to be completed on the main line, which Syria and Iraq later undertook and finished.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/BaghdadR1.asp (420 words)

	The Hindu : Arab oil weapon remains elusive
		Jeddah is the capital of the Hijaz province, a historic strip of land that runs along the Red Sea coast linking Africa and the Levant through the Arabian peninsula.
		As the home to the Muslim shrines, Hijaz was at the centre of the geopolitics of the Muslim world and had a political evolution very different from that of the interior parts of the Arabian peninsula.
		The Hijaz was the last province to be integrated into the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
	www.hindu.com /2002/04/26/stories/2002042601021400.htm (740 words)

	Big flag! - Ummah.com
		Hassan was the last of this line to hold the disputed claim to the caliphate, but his progeny eventually established themselves as hereditary emirs of Mecca, the role continuing under Ottoman rule.
		The last of the line to rule as emir of Mecca and King of Hijaz along the Red Sea was Hussain bin Ali.
		It is a symbolic restatement that the Hashemite claim to the Gulf and Hijaz lands on its eastern coast remains in force.
	www.ummah.net /forum/showthread.php?t=44824 (965 words)

	Hejaz Railroad, Saudi Arabia - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		The Hijaz Railway, conceived as a convenient route to the holy cities of Medina and Makkah for Muslim pilgrims from the Turkish Ottoman Empire, had a short but eventful existence in the early years of this century.
		The Hijaz Railway was built with fortifications at regular intervals along its route, manned by Turkish garrisons to protect this vital link of the far flung Ottoman Empire.
		Today, the scenes of these skirmishes and the remains of the Hijaz Railway can be seen virtually untouched along the route to Mada'in Saleh, which was itself an important station on the railway.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /hejaz_railroad.htm (256 words)

	Confectionary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hijaz is currently in hiding in London, England.
		Due to the current bun shortage Hijaz has been unable to indulge his passion for doughnuts and Turkish sweetmeats.
		Hijaz thanks you from the bottom of his larder.
	www.hypernews.org /HyperNews/get/Free/7/6.html?inline=1&nogifs (128 words)

	Rail that Survived Demolition by "Lawrence of Arabia": An Analysis
		The rail lines were also used to facilitate the movement of the Turkish military and to provide greater centralization to the ailing Ottoman Empire.
		The track of the Hijaz railway became the theater of a critical military engagement led by a British officer and explosives expert, Lawrence of Arabia.
		Strain and work-hardening lines were seen at this top surface, likely the result of the engine and train car wear during use (Figure 8).
	www.tms.org /pubs/journals/JOM/0307/Dean-0307.html (1643 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Chronicles \| The remaking of Suez
		It was strategically located; it was a staging post for pilgrims visiting Mecca; Mohamed Ali used it as a base from where to suppress the Wahabi uprising in the Hijaz; petroleum was discovered there; and the Suez Canal ushered in a new era of commercial navigation.
		In the course of their inspection, they discovered that the repair work that had been done on this road by the Municipality of Suez under the government of the former prime minister did more harm than good.
		Indeed, so emboldened was the Society for the Advancement of Suez by the king's visit that, in addition to its other demands, it asked for an extension of the electric tram line from Heliopolis to their city -- a request that was very difficult to meet.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2000/514/chrncls.htm (1856 words)

	Hejaz
		Although he initially assumed the leadership of all the Arabs, the lack of allied recognition and opposition from Imam Yahya of Yemen and ibn Saud of Najd resulted in his recognition as King of Hijaz alone.
		A title held by male members of the Hashimite dynasty, descended in the male line from Hassan, elder twin son of Ali, the 4
		Sharifa: hereditary title for a lady of the Hashimite dynasty, descended from Hassan in the male line.
	www.4dw.net /royalark/Arabia/hijaz.htm (647 words)

	T. E. Lawrence Studies List > British Military Intelligence in the Palestine Cam
		Radio communication between stations in the Hijaz and Transjordan and the main HQ in Damascus became one of the most important sources for information on the Arab Revolt and on the intentions and capabilities of the Ottoman forces there.
		There were two separate telegraphy circuits, both running alongside the Hijaz railway: a line for civilian and military purposes, and a 'traffic line' for the internal use of the 89 railway stations along the railroad.
		The first Ottoman wireless station in the Hijaz was set up in Medina in June 1915, at the initiative of the Germans, who were interested in utilising it for communicating with their troops in East Africa.
	www.telstudies.org /forums/lofiversion/index.php?t194.html (4577 words)

	Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah, by Richard Burton (chapter18) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Geographically considered, the plain is bounded, on the East, with a thin line of low dark hills, traversed by the Darb al-Sharki, or the “Eastern road,” through Al-Nijd to Meccah: Southwards, the plateau is open, and almost perfectly level as far as the eye can see.
		Commanded by a high line of rocks on the North-West, and built as it is in most places without moat, glacis, earthwork, or outworks, a few shells and a single battery of siege guns would soon render it untenable.
		An Acacia-tree or two on the Eastern side, and behind it a wall-like line of mud houses, finish the coup-d’oeil; the interior of this building is as simple as is the exterior.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /b/burton/richard/b97p/chapter18.html (6722 words)

	The Last Line of Defense
		Al Hijaz was published in Mecca, and it was followed in 1909 by Al Raked and Al Kibla.
		The last line of defence against tyranny has been breached; we are in the middle of a House of Saud-sponsored Arab dark age.
		Ibn Saud's use of Rihani as a ghostwriter is in line with his dependence on non-Saudi advisers, though surrendering Islamic issues to a non-Muslim is unique and reflects the ruler's fear that a Muslim writer would have had difficulty with what he had to say.
	www.geocities.com /saudhouse_p/thelast.htm (11850 words)

	Hijaz Railway
		Railroad between Damascus, Syria and Madina (then Hijaz, now Saudi Arabia), 1,320 km long.
		Among the main purposes of the railway was to help pilgrims to travel to the two cities of Madina and Mecca, perceived as the most holy by Muslims.
		Since then, it is only the line between Damascus and Amman which has been used.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/hijaz_rw.htm (156 words)

	T. E. Lawrence Studies List > Hejaz Railway
		The only rolling stock on the line south of Maan to the border was the chassis abandoned on the line in front of the ruined Mudawwara station.
		There was partial rebuilding of the line between Maan and Tabuk in the sixties and the relaying of the al Hasa - Batn al Ghul sector in the seventies.
		Unfortunately, the fact is that there is very little damage to line or rolling stock which can be identified as Lawrence's work due to the clearances, repairs, further demolition and reconstruction of the past eighty years, particularly after the first war, during the second world war and later in the 1960's.
	www.telstudies.org /forums/lofiversion/index.php?t44.html (3205 words)

	Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah, by Richard Burton (chapter24) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This line is a succession of low plains and basins, here quasi-circular, there irregularly oblong, surrounded by rolling hills and cut by Fiumaras which pass through the higher ground.
		On the line of march the Mahmil, stripped of its embroidered cover, is carried on camel-back, a mere framewood.
		We carried two small brass guns, which, on the line of march, were dismounted and placed upon camels.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /b/burton/richard/b97p/chapter24.html (5510 words)

	Nabataea: Maps of the Hejaz Railway
		Over the years there has been a lot of discussion about what the name of the railway really is, and how the names of the stations should be spelled.
		Should the railway be called Hijaz, Hejaz, or Hedjaz.
		The Turks built the line, and wrote their Turkish language with Arabic script so that the Arabs could read the name plates etc. So no matter what spelling you use, someone will disagree with you.
	nabataea.net /hijazstations.html (174 words)

	Saudi Railways invites EoIs: Consultancy contract -DAWN - Business; October 12, 2002
		Both these lines, as per the plans, will be connected to the existing railway track between Riyadh and the Gulf coast.
		Hijaz Railways, during the Ottoman period was connecting Hijaz to countries as far as Syria through Jordan.
		Remnants of the old Hijaz Railways could still be seen in some of the cities of the Kingdom, such as Tabuk, from where the trains used to pass through while transporting pilgrims to Hijaz and back.
	www.dawn.com /2002/10/12/ebr4.htm (540 words)

	Services - Out Side Plans (OSP)
		Al Hijaz unrivaled experience in Out Side Plant Construction is evident by it's successfully project completed.
		We also have our own precasting division which manufactures all types of precast manholes, hand holes, cabinet bases, etc. The precasting division has its own quality control department, which keeps an update of all testing records and ensures ahead of schedule delivery time period.
		Al Hijaz is mainly involved in Out Side Plant projects (OSP) and it has been completed several major projects in different regions with 100% successful results.
	www.alhijaz.com.sa /osp.htm (308 words)

	Tourret Publishing - Hedjaz Railway
		Initially the Beirut to Damascus line, started in 1894, was used for the supply of materials for the Hedjaz Railway which itself started in 1900.
		The Hedjaz Railway is known to many people because of the exploits of Lawrence of Arabia in the First World War, who skilfully raided the line to cause the Turks to defend it but was careful never to completely sever it.
		Despite the loss of the official records in Damascus, private sources of official information have been located and used, and this book serves to coordinate this information and to put it on a more permanent basis, as well as make it more widely available.
	www.tourretpublishing.com /HedjazRailway.htm (302 words)

	British Empire: The Map Room: Middle East: Transjordan
		Meanwhile, The Germans had funded and built the Hijaz railway line that went from Damascus to Medina and passed through the lands that would become the Transjordan.
		The eastern portion, called Transjordan, was to have a separate Arab administration operating under the general supervision of the commissioner for Palestine and with Jewish immigration specifically avoided.
		Although it was not a rich country by any stretch of the imagination, the fact that it lay near vital lines of communication was enough to maintain Britain's interest in the area.
	www.britishempire.co.uk /maproom/transjordan.htm (2606 words)

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