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	Hilary Putnam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Putnam was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1926.
		Putnam's teachers Hans Reichenbach (his dissertation supervisor) and Rudolf Carnap were leading figures in logical positivism, the dominant school of philosophy of the day; one of Putnam's most consistent positions has been his rejection of logical positivism as self-defeating.
		Putnam was disturbed by what he perceived to be a claim by Halberstam that the U.S. was "defending" South Vietnamese peasants from the Vietcong by poisoning their rice crops.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hilary_Putnam (5779 words)

	Hilary Putnam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hilary Putnam is a key figure in the philosophy of mind during the 20th century.
		Putnam has earned a reputation for changing his mind frequently during the course of his career, and he has written on so many diverse topics that it is often difficult to sort out his views.
		Putnam has also made an argument that is regarded by some as a refutation of skepticism known as the Brain in a Vat argument (I'm not sure if he was the first to use that terminology, though).
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/h/hi/hilary_putnam.html (334 words)

	Hilary Putnam - Cogan University Professor Emeritus, Harvard University To appear in the "American ...
		Putnam rejected all three of these positions and developed his own theory of the mind, which has since come to be known as "functionalism." He didn't spend much time arguing against dualism, since that theory was considered outside the scope of a respectable scientific view.
		Putnam and Kripke upset this view in their holding that we often have to look outside the speaker's head, to what items in the environment the speaker's words are causally related to, in order to know what the speaker means.
		Putnam distinguished between two positions: a "metaphysical realism" which holds onto the "radically non-epistemic" nature of truth, and his own modified version of scientific realism, called "internal realism," which takes science at face value and holds that there is nothing more to truth than what would be rationally accepted at the end of scientific inquiry.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /putnam03.htm (4627 words)

	Putnam's Model Theoretic Argument
		Putnam's argument is just another instance of Hegel's insight that representation involves interaction with an object in which different ways of presenting the object are connected and attributed to the object as their causal locus.
		Putnam succeeds in getting interpretations that differ, yet which make the same set of operational constraints true by giving disjunctive definitions of the symbols that allow them to be mapped onto one subset of objects in one situation and onto another subset of objects in other situations.
		Putnam's use of these results shows that the attempt to make language the representation which can come alive and to see all cognitive representation as linguistic will be a failure in the same way that the attempt to make ideas represent in virtue of their phenomenological character or causal origin was a failure.
	www.anselm.edu /homepage/dbanach/PutnamsModelTheoreticArgument.htm (2861 words)

	Hilary Putnam
		By this Putnam means to challenge Identity Theorists on the idea that pain or a state of pain, and not just the feeling of pain or a reaction to pain, but pain itself, is a brain state; states that occur as physical-chemical occurrences in the brain.
		Putnam also explains the weakness in assuming that similar behaviors in two organisms is equivalent to the two having similarities in actual physical details (brain states), whereas it can easily be suspected that the two have similar functional organization.
		Putnam remains clear that it is the input, output and the entire organisms experience of them that is the focus of functionalism and that these are the only relevant aspects.
	web.mala.bc.ca /clemotteo/hilary_putnam.htm (450 words)

	Hilary Putnam - Cogan University Professor Emeritus, Harvard University Pragmatism and Realism - Athenaeum Library of ...
		Hilary Putnam, one of the most important American philosophers of the Post-World War II generation, has also been one of the most prolific.
		Putnam is famous for rejecting metaphysical realism, the view that the character of reality is wholly independent of human practices, and truth means capturing what is out there independently of how anyone would regard it.
		Putnam is right only about the reductive versions of the causal theory, which hold that we can give an exhaustive account of perception in causal terms and can safely dispense with unreduced intentional notions.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /putnam02.htm (2298 words)

	[No title]
		Putnam’s views might still be described as functionalist in the sense of emphasizing the practical functions human beings (and potentially any beings with minds) must perform in a common natural and social world, but he is no longer a functionalist in the specific sense in which that term is used by philosophers of mind.
		Putnam’s views on realism, especially his internal realism, have been severely criticized in dozens of books and articles, both by realist correspondence theoreticians affirming the existence of a mind-independent world and by more radical (Rortyan) pragmatists who want to set the whole issue of realism and truth aside as a fruitless pseudo-problem.
		Even though Putnam has rejected the internal realism that he initially propounded, he continues to think that the metaphysical or scientific realist’s attempt to find a privileged scientific standpoint for describing the world as it is in itself, independently of practice-laden human perspectives, is a complete failure.
	www.pragmatism.org /dmap/putnam.doc (3341 words)

	Amazon.ca: Ethics Without Ontology: Books: Hilary Putnam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to Putnam, the other general problem with ontology is that it is connected to an assumption that there is an intimate connection between objectivity in various disciplines and the existence of objects (facts, entities, properties) as the subject of those disciplines.
		Putnam wants to argue that this apparent difficulty rests on a confusion about the nature of objectivity, for there don't have to be objective moral value entities or non-natural properties or moral facts in order for us to understand ethics as being objective.
		Putnam himself draws the comparison of his ideas here with the Wittgensteinian idea that there several distinct language games, and that none of them is the ultimate to which all the others must be reduced.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0674013107 (1365 words)

	Hilary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hilary Hahn (born November 27, 1979), American Grammy Award–winning violinist.
		Hilary Term is the name of the Spring term at the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin.
		Hurricane Hilary has been used as a designation for Pacific tropical cyclones on several occasions, including in 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hilary (208 words)

	Hilary Putnam's Internal Realism.: Philosophy Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Putnam was born in 1926 in Chicago and educated at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California at Los Angeles.
		Putnam insists that what a linguistic term "refers" to is not determined by mental states alone, but by "paradigmatic examples" that are established in a linguistic or interpretive community and by historical or causal connections that exist in the non-linguistic world.
		Putnam notes at the outset that logical positivism and a chastened form of empiricism were at the center of "Anglo-Saxon" philosophical thought from about 1930 to 1960, prior to the neo-realistic challenge of thinkers such as Putnam himself and Saul Kripke.
	forums.philosophyforums.com /comments.php?id=15144&page=last (4588 words)

	Amazon.ca: Representation and Reality: Books: Hilary Putnam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hilary Putnam, who may have been the first philosopher to advance the notion that the computer is an apt model for the mind, takes a radically new view of his own theory of functionalism in this book.
		Putnam argues that in fact the computational analogy cannot answer the important questions about the nature of such mental states as belief, reasoning, rationality, and knowledge that lie at the heart of the philosophy of mind.
		Hilary Putnam is Walter Beverly Pearson Professor of Mathematical Logic at Harvard University.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0262660741 (667 words)

	Philosophy / Filozofia - Chats / philosophy, analytic philosophy, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, cognitive ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hilary Putnam: To say either "disaster is inevitable" or "progress is inevitable" is a copout, an attempt to evade resonsibility.
		Hilary Putnam: There are two ways of using important: one can ask what the global market and the media counts as important, and one can ask what is really impoortant, important if we are to be more than consumers in the global market.
		Hilary Putnam: I did not mean that philosophical disagreement should cease -that would be the end of philosophy, indeed of independent thinking and reflection, but I am disturbed by the idea of a group which labels itself "analytic philosohy".
	www.filozofia.pl /czat2/hilary_putnam.php3 (2244 words)

	Untitled Document
		Hilary Putnam is Cogan University Professor (Emeritus) at Harvard University, where he taught for 35 years.
		Putnam has written extensively on issues in many areas of philosophy - metaphysics and epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, the theory of value, and American Pragmatism.
		In recent years Putnam has also written on Jewish philosophy and philosophy of religion, including articles on the Negative Theology of Maimonides, an introduction to a volume by Rosenzweig and an essay on the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas.
	www.srhe.ucsb.edu /lectures/info/putnam.html (404 words)

	Book review of Hilary Putnam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Putnam thinks this is an oxymoron because mental life is caused by your bodily content.
		On the other hand, Putnam also takes issue with the "identity theory" that mental states are identical with physical states of the brain (the same way electricity is identical with the motion of charged particles).
		Putnam thinks that mental states are, in a sense, outside the body.
	www.thymos.com /mind/putnam.html (391 words)

	Hilary Putnam
		Putnam argues not, since what the thought is about is different in each case.
		Putnam has also come to see that his advocacy of functionalism is at least partly responsible for people's conviction that his internal realism is just yet another version of anti-realism.
		Putnam is also anxious to revive the pre-philosophical and metaphysically innocent senses of terms like realism and meaning.
	www.philosophers.co.uk /cafe/phil_jun2002.htm (924 words)

	Bates College \| Hilary Putnam
		Hilary Putnam was born in Chicago in 1926.
		Professor Putnam is a past president of the American Philosophical Association (Eastern Division), a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.
		Professor Putnam has developed a position on the nature of truth and justification which he calls "internal realism," or more recently, "pragmatic realism," which has become a widely discussed alternative to both traditional metaphysical kinds of realism and post-modernist scepticism.
	www.bates.edu /x111433.xml (276 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - Putnam, Hilary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Putnam's argument for this relies on the intuition that the same mental state can be realized in different material substrates.
		Putnam now believes that different computational, or Turing machine states can realize the same mental state, and thus that the mind cannot be identified with any particular computing machine.
		Putnam's espousal of a strong form of multiple realizability of the mental has led him to question the importance of studying the brain, the 'implementation of the mind', to understanding the mind.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/putnam.html (282 words)

	Hilary Putnam Bibliography
		Hilary Putnam was born on 31 July 1926 in Chicago, Illinois.
		Putnam taught philosophy at Northwestern University in 1952—53 and at Princeton University from 1953 to 1961, and then he was professor of philosophy of science at Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1961 to 1965.
		Hilary Putnam and Paul Benacerraf (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1964), pp.
	www.pragmatism.org /putnam (6164 words)

	Hilary Putnam - Cambridge University Press
		The richness of Putnam's philosophical oeuvre consists not only in the broad spectrum of problems addressed, but also in the transformations and restructuring his positions have undergone over the years.
		They discuss Putnam's major philosophical contributions to the theory of meaning, the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of science and mathematics, and moral theory.
		Putnam's 'the meaning of meaning': externalism in historical context Juliet Floyd; 3.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521012546 (237 words)

	Amazon.com: Realism with a Human Face: Books: Hilary Putnam,James Conant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Putnam begins with Kant, and in a wide-ranging study that ends with the likes of James, Peirce, and Nelson Goodman, makes a telling case for his belief that philosophy has an important part to play in human social life and values.
		Putnam rejects the contemporary metaphysics that insists on describing both the mind and the world from a God's-eye view.
		Putnam makes it clear that science is not in the business of describing a ready-made world, and philosophy should not be in that business either.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0674749456?v=glance (943 words)

	Hilary Putnam: “Why Reason Cannot be Naturalized”
		If your own culture filters everything you say, CR can’t drop the filter of his own culture to talk about how things are in other cultures; the upshot, according to Putnam, is that other cultures turn into ‘logical constructions’ of your own.
		Philosophy is not supposed to have any sort of special status, according to Quine: it’s not like he can say that philosophical claims are analytic or conceptual truths.
		Putnam also criticizes Quine’s efforts in “Epistemology Naturalized” to replace epistemology with psychology (actually, there were some tendencies in that direction already in “Two Dogmas”, where Quine suggests that the relation of confirmation or justification could be replaced by a relation of germaneness, recording the statistical correlations between certain circumstances and certain utterances).
	www.erin.utoronto.ca /~jnagel/putnam.htm (1035 words)

	Harvard University Press: Words and Life
		Putnam has in mind the difference between respecting science and accepting materialist ideology.
		Putnam is one of the foremost philosophers writing today and this volume collects many of his forays in current philosophical discourse.
		Putnam has earned the right to hit out at that past if anyone has.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/PUTWOR.html?show=reviews (174 words)

	Hilary Putnam by Christopher Norris : Booksamillion.com (0719061962, Paperback) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In this detailed study, Christopher Norris defends the kinds of arguments advanced by the early realist, Hilary Putnam.
		Norris makes a point of placing Putnam's work in a wider philosophical context, and relating it to various current debates in epistemology and philosophy of science.
		Much like Putnam, Norris is willing to take full account of opposed viewpoints while maintaining a vigorously argued commitment to the values of debate and enquiry.
	www.booksamillion.com /ncom/books?pid=0719061962 (133 words)

	HILARY PUTNAM TO DELIVER LECTURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Widely known for his contributions to the philosophy of language and the philosophy of natural science and mathematics, Putnam's most notable works revolve around the philosophy of space and time and the philosophy of geometry.
		Former president of the American Philosophical Association and the Association of Symbolic Logic, Putnam served as Walter Beverly Pearson Professor of Modern Mathematics and Mathematical Logic at Harvard from 1976 to 1995.
		During his visit, Putnam will speak of his recent publication, "Words and Life," a book of essays written throughout the course of his life tracing and detailing his intellectual development over the years.
	www.ohiou.edu /news/months/may96/322.html (227 words)

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