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Topic: Himalayan Balsam

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	Himalayan Balsam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) is a large annual plant, native to the Himalaya.
		Himalayan Balsam is sometimes cultivated for its flowers.
		It is now widely established in other parts of the world (such as the British Isles and the United States), in some cases becoming an invasive weed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Himalayan_Balsam (234 words)

	Himalayan Balsam
		Himalayan Balsam is native to the Himalayan region of Asia.
		Himalayan Balsam is a annual herb with a thick, much branched, hollow stem, purple to reddish tinge, growing to 0.6 to 2 metres tall.
		Himalayan Balsam has escaped ornamental planting to predominately colonize moist areas along river, stream and ditch banks.
	www.agf.gov.bc.ca /cropprot/hbalsam.htm (280 words)

	Himalayan balsam
		Himalayan balsam is a bamboo-like annual with characteristic flowers resembling the shape of an English “Policeman’s helmet” (one of its common names).
		Himalayan balsam has a poor root structure so it is relatively easy to pull by hand.
		Himalayan balsam is partially shade tolerant and located in lowland, riparian areas including stream sides, ditches, and wetlands.
	www.shim.bc.ca /invasivespecies/_private/himalayan_balsam.htm (711 words)

	BBC - British Isles - A User's Guide To Natural History
		Himalayan balsam is a beautiful plant from the Himalayas in Asia, which can reach up to three metres in height and has large bright pink flowers.
		Himalayan balsam was first introduced to the British Isles in 1839 as a garden plant, and by 1855 it had escaped gardens and was growing in the wild.
		As well as causing problems for native species, Himalayan balsam also increases the risk of riverbanks washing away because it stops the more long-lived plants such as grasses, which bind the soil with their roots, from growing.
	www.open2.net /naturalhistory/invaders/wanted/himalayan_balsam.html (535 words)

	Centre for Ecology and Hydrology: Biodiversity Research Highlights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Himalayan balsam and the plant diversity of riverbanks
		Himalayan balsam is a widespread invasive plant along the riverbanks of northern Europe.
		Results of this study show that Himalayan balsam does indeed reduce plant diversity (by about a third) and this effect can be detected at both patch and riverbank scales.
	www.ceh-nerc.ac.uk /sci_programmes/RHArchive.html (1845 words)

	Himalayan Balsam - Impatiens glandulifera information page
		It is very aromatic such that large stands of Himalayan Balsam can become overpowering to the senses.
		Himalayan balsam has a poor root structure so it is relatively easy to pull by hand, cut stems will re-grow from the roots.
		Himalayan Balsam can be controlled by hand pulling, mechanical cutting or by grazing.
	www.brickfieldspark.org /data/himalayanbalsam.htm (597 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Advice: Himalayan balsam control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Introduced to the UK in 1839, it is now naturalised, especially on riverbanks and increasingly in waste places and has become a problematical weed.
		Himalayan balsam tolerates low light levels and, in turn, tends to shade out other vegetation, impoverishing habitats.
		Himalayan balsam can be controlled with a weedkiller based on glyphosate, such as Roundup or Tumbleweed.
	www.rhs.org.uk /advice/profiles0705/himalayanbalsam.asp (384 words)

	balsam - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about balsam
		Policeman's helmet or Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera is a Himalayan species of flower that has become well established along the waterways of the British Isles.
		In medicine and perfumery, balsam refers to various oily or gummy aromatic plant resins, such as balsam of Peru from the Central American tree Myroxylon pereirae.
		Out of thy poisons brewedst thou balsam for thyself; thy cow, affliction, milkedst thou--now drinketh thou the sweet milk of her udder.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /balsam (253 words)

	NOTIFIABLE WEEDS - South Gloucestershire Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) is an annual herb native to the Himalayan region of Asia.
		Himalayan Balsam releases hundreds of seeds that are ejected up to 20 feet and can spread far and fast in streams and rivers.
		Japanese knotweed is not a native to Europe, therefore the pests and diseases that control it in Japan are not present in the Uk.
	www.southglos.gov.uk /SouthGlos/Environment/StreetCareAndCleaning/Weeds (678 words)

	Balsam - LoveToKnow Garden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Himalayan Balsam - Impatiens glandulifera is also known as Poor Man's Orchid, Indian Touch-Me-Not, Pink Peril, Policeman's Helmet, Ornamental Jewelweed.This genera Impatiens comes from Latin name which means impatient, refereing to the explosive dispersal of seed.It is a highly invasive weed native to the Himalayan region of India found at an elevation of 4000 meters.
		Balsam is easily grown in full sun to half shade.
		Balsam is sold in large quantities as an ornamental plant.
	garden.lovetoknow.com /wiki/Balsam (634 words)

	BBC - Wiltshire - Green Wiltshire - Vomiting alien needs to be stopped
		"Himalayan balsam crowds out native plants such as comfrey and willowherb, which are important food sources for insects (which are themselves a vital part of the river food-chain).
		The race is on to clear a stretch of the River Mead, where a blanket of Himalayan balsam is about to flower, and just about to form the rocket-fuelled seed-pods.
		One (perhaps the only) piece of good news about the Himalayan balsam is that it is incredibly easy to pull up.
	www.bbc.co.uk /wiltshire/green/vomiting_alien.shtml (427 words)

	News
		Volunteers from Nantwich have attacked Himalayan Balsam on the River Weaver, where the problem plant is crowding out native plant species and destroying habitats for insects, birds and mammals.
		And because the balsam colonises riverbanks, some of the seeds land in the water and are carried downstream, allowing it to spread even more rapidly.
		A further problem is that when the balsam dies back in autumn the riverbanks are left bare, increasing the risk of erosion.
	www.merseybasin.org.uk /rvipress.asp?pid=2945 (460 words)

	Himalayan balsam - Impatiens glandulifera: More Information - ARKive
		Himalayan or Indian balsam was introduced to British gardens from the Himalayas in 1839 and since then has become widely naturalised (4).
		The generic part of the Latin name Impatiens means impatient, and refers to the means of dispersal of the seed, which is the key to the aggressive spread of this species (6).
		Although a popular plant with many, to conservationists Himalayan balsam is a very frustrating species to deal with.
	www.arkive.org /species/ARK/plants_and_algae/Impatiens_glandulifera/more_info.html (592 words)

	The Ted Ellis Trust
		Orange balsam is a member of the family Balsaminaceae and the genus Impatiens includes the 'busy lizzies', which are so familiar to gardeners.
		Unlike its larger and invasive cousin, Indian balsam Impatiens glandulifera, which is also known as 'Himalayan balsam' or 'policeman's helmets', orange balsam does not seem to pose a threat to other species and I think it is a welcome addition to the diversity of the reserve.
		The orange balsam or jewel weed of Canada, introduced at a lake near Aylsham in 1927, soon found its way to the banks of the Bure and by means of its floating seeds spread downstream and eventually colonised a vast area of ronds and reed swamps round broads lower down the valley.
	www.wheatfen.org /tethtml/ob.html (643 words)

	Guardian \| Country diary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A breakwater of boulders, installed to prevent erosion of Low Barns Nature Reserve, has gradually back-filled with river gravel and silt, which now supports a forest of Himalayan balsam, one of the fastest spreading alien species.
		The balsam forest is still producing thousands of blooms when few other nectar sources are available.
		"Himalayan balsam bashing" has become a favourite way for conservation working parties to let off steam but trying to control this invader may be a lost - perhaps even counterproductive - cause, given its easy avenues of opportunity along river corridors, prolific production of dormant seeds and value to hard-pressed honeybees.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4750952-103500,00.html (257 words)

	Himalayan balsam - Weed information - HDRA Weed Management
		Himalayan balsam grows up to 3 m tall and is reputed to be the tallest annual plant found in the UK.
		The seed is transported by water but can also be carried in mud by animals and man. Himalayan balsam has spread at the rate of 645 km²per year in the UK.
		Himalayan balsam is growing on both sides of the Thames at Sonning, and is also growing along the roadside near my home on the Hertfordshire/London borders.
	www.gardenorganic.org.uk /organicweeds/weed_information/weed.php?id=96 (607 words)

	Impatiens ecology
		The invasion ecology of Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle)
		Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) is the tallest spontaneous annual plant in Europe.
		The species is known to be a strong competitor, to be able to reduce the fitness of native plant species and to eventually replace them in invaded sites.
	www.ufz.de /index.php?en=1094 (202 words)

	PINE - LoveToKnow Article on PINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		longifolia, a Himalayan species, is remarkable for the great length of its lax slender leaves, of a grass-green tint; the cones have the points of the scales recurved.
		It is known in India as the cheer pine ; the wood is good, resinous, and moderately durable; the tree is common on the foot-hills of the I-f imalayas.
		Gerardiana, a north-west Himalayan species, is a medium-sized tree with a conical head, growing on the more elevated parts of the mountain range; it furnishes edible seeds.
	www.1911ency.org /P/PI/PINE.htm (3745 words)

	Bristol Regional Environmental Records Centre (BRERC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Himalayan (or Indian) Balsam is an annual herb that germinates from seed in February/March and dies back each winter.
		Himalayan Balsam prefers to grow in wet ground so is often found along river banks and smaller watercourses and in damp hollows in woodland.
		erosion - Himalayan Balsam dies back in winter leaving bare areas vulnerable to erosion by rain, high water etc, and the plants it shades out (grasses etc) have roots that would bind the soil preventing erosion.
	www.brerc.org.uk /articles/odor.htm (786 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Aliens invade UK rivers
		Giant hogweed, Himalayan balsam and Japanese knotweed have been blamed for much of the damage as they take a stranglehold on banks.
		Alistair Driver, one of the report's authors, said urgent action is needed to protect the character of the nation's water courses.
		Himalayan balsam is the tallest annual plant found in Britain, growing up to two to three metres in height.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/uk/110823.stm (412 words)

	'Triffid' threat to native flora
		The tallest annual plant in Britain, the Himalayan balsam, is crushing the growth of native wild species almost unchecked.
		In Cheshire, rivers becoming inundated with the balsam include the Weaver, Dane, Peover Eye, Bollin, Dee and the Mersey and in Lancashire the Ribble and Lune are seriously affected.
		"The Himalayan balsam's superior ability to colonise watersides and efficient seed dispersal is out-competing our native flora at an unprecedented rate," he said.
	www.manchesteronline.co.uk /news/s/14/14555_triffid_threat_to_native_flora.html (525 words)

	The Kitten’s Pyjamas » Blog Archive » Himalayan Balsam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Himalayan Balsam is a weed that runs particularly rife near rivers and waterways.
		Within 12-14 weeks of flowering, a single plant can produce up to 800 seeds, firing them up to 7 metres from their exploding seed pods, and the seeds can remain viable for up to 2 years; they can even germinate under water.
		One of the main problems on the river is Himalayan Balsam, which we are trying to remove.
	www.kittenspyjamas.com /?p=356 (300 words)

	Invasion from the Himalaya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Known as either Himalayan balsam or Policemen’s helmet, the invader is a tall Impatiens with striking purple flowers that start to appear in early July.
		Although Himalayan balsam is only moderately common here, other parts of the world, such as Great Britain and Czechoslovakia have been overwhelmed with this invader and its entry is prohibited in New Zealand.
		However, because Himalayan balsam is an annual, if the plants are removed before they are allowed to disperse their seeds, they can be controlled.
	www.salmonriver.org /weed.htm (354 words)

	Bexley Council - Bexley Grammar Stained Glass Success (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Invasive plants, such as Giant Hogweed, Japanese Knotweed and Himalayan Balsam were brought to Britain in the 1800s as ornamental plants and have quickly spread beyond people's gardens.
		Himalayan Balsam, with its pretty pink flower, is a particular problem along the Cray.
		NWKCP is running a programme of spraying Giant Hogweed and Japanese Knotweed and hand-pulling Himalayan Balsam along the Cray.
	www.bexley.gov.uk /news/2005/05/2702.html (366 words)

	Big Pull
		Himalayan Balsam loves the rich moist soil found alongside riverbanks and streams, like the Blackwater Valley, and can grow in full sun or heavy shade.
		Himalayan Balsam comes from the Himalayas and was introduced into this country by the Victorians in the 19th Century.
		Being annuals, Himalayan Balsam dies back in Autumn leaving the river banks devoid of vegetation, which results in erosion.
	www.blackwater-valley.org.uk /big_pull.htm (490 words)

	[No title]
		The alien Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) is spreading rapidly in one area, and Welsh Poppy (Mecanopsis cambrica) is also present.
		It would be advisable to remove the existing clump of Himalayan Balsam and for the gardeners to be aware of the spread of this species.
		Similarly, Himalayan Balsam, introduced into gardens in 1839, escaped into the wild and is now common and widespread.
	www.fobp.co.uk /wildflowers2.doc (962 words)

	Defra, UK; ERDP - Organic Entry Level Stewardship handbook
		Himalayan balsam, rhododendron or Japanese knotweed) may be controlled by cultivation before establishment, cutting in the first year and selective trimming or manual removal thereafter
		Himalayan balsam, rhododendron or Japanese knotweed) may be controlled by selective trimming or manual removal.
		You may apply up to 12.5 tonnes/ha (5 t/acre) of FYM in a single application, but only where the grassland is regularly cut.
	www.defra.gov.uk /erdp/schemes/oels/handbook/chapter3-k.htm (1372 words)

	Cumbria News Release
		Around 30 of the Environment Agency's Finance and Corporate Services team are leaving their Warrington desks in a joint offensive to root out the Himalayan balsam enemy around Bassenthwaite.
		Apart from strangling native species, balsam is particularly harmful on river banks which, in the autumn, are left bare of vegetation and vulnerable to erosion.
		Without their help, we wouldn't have been able to make the same impact on Himalayan balsam around Bassenthwaite," he said.
	www.thecumbriadirectory.com /News/News_Release.php?id=126 (366 words)

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