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Topic: Himalayan Griffon Vulture

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	Himalayan Griffon Vulture
		The Himalayan Griffon Vulture, Gyps himalayensis, is an Old World vulture in the order Accipitriformes, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks.
		Like other vultures it is a scavenger, feeding mostly from carcasses of dead animals, which it finds by soaring over open areas and mountains.
		The Himalayan Griffon Vulture is a typical vulture, with a bald white head, very broad wings, and a short tail.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/Himalayan_griffon_vulture.html (134 words)

	Himalayan Griffon Vulture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Himalayan Griffon Vulture, Gyps himalayensis, is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks.
		Like other vultures it is a scavenger, feeding mostly from carcasses of dead animals, which it finds by soaring over open areas and mountains.
		The Himalayan Griffon Vulture is a typical vulture, with a bald white head, very broad wings, and a short tail.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Himalayan_Griffon_Vulture (168 words)

	The Hawk Conservancy Trust - Griffon Vulture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		As is the case with most large vultures, it is a rather silent bird, but utters a variety of grunting and hissing calls.
		It is seldom the first to a carcase - it is mostly attracted by the presence of Ravens and Bearded Vultures.
		At the carcase, usually in large numbers, it is a voracious feeder and it is said that a group can strip the carcase of a yak in two hours.
	www.hawk-conservancy.org /priors/himalayangriffon.shtml (480 words)

	Griffon Vulture - Definition, explanation
		The Griffon Vulture, Gyps fulvus is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kitess, buzzards and hawks.
		Like other vultures it is a scavenger, feeding mostly from carcasses of dead animals which it finds by soaring over open areas.
		Griffon is a typical vulture, with a white bald head, very broad wings, short tail and a 2.5m wingspan.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/g/gr/griffon_vulture.php (153 words)

	Himalayan Griffon Vulture -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It is closely related to the (The 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles) European (Large vulture of southern Europe and northern Africa having pale plumage with fl wings) Griffon Vulture, G.
		Like other (Any of various large diurnal birds of prey having naked heads and weak claws and feeding chiefly on carrion) vultures it is a scavenger, feeding mostly from carcasses of dead (A living organism characterized by voluntary movement) animals, which it finds by soaring over open areas and mountains.
		This vulture grunts and hisses at roosts or when feeding on (The dead and rotting body of an animal) carrion.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/himalayan_griffon_vulture.htm (225 words)

	Old World vulture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They are not at all closely related to the superficially similar New World vultures and condors, and do not share that group's good sense of smell.
		Vultures are scavenging birds, feeding mostly from carcasses of dead animals.
		A particular characteristic of many vultures is a bald head, devoid of feathers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aegypiinae (153 words)

	Griffon Vulture # Most of the body and wings are very pale, grey or tan, with a thick black trailing edge on the wings ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Griffon Vulture # Most of the body and wings are very pale, grey or tan, with a thick fl trailing edge on the wings and tail, and a white head.
		The griffon vulture is known as the friendliest and most social all vultures.
		It was the griffon vulture that was usually related to the goddesses and to royalty.
	www.howtodofundraising.com /Griffon/Griffon-vulture.html (599 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Griffon Vulture
		The Griffon Vulture, Gyps fulvus is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks.
		A colony of Griffon vultures can also be found near the town of Beli on the island of Cres in Croatia.
		It is a typical vulture in appearance, with a white bald head, very broad wings and a short tail.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Griffon_vulture (281 words)

	Untitled1
		The himalayan, in particular, is recorded at incredible heights, as it is a mountain dwelling bird, capable of weathering the low air pressure and cold temperatures that go along with life at a high altitude.
		The Himalayan Griffon Vultures are very social, like all members of the griffon family.
		With the Griffons and Cinereous to take care of the meat, and the Lammergeiers to finish off the bones, there was never any problem disposing of the dead.
	www.vultures.homestead.com /Himalayan.html (300 words)

	National Aviary Conservation and Field Research
		The demographic surveys that we are developing in Kazakhstan and in Georgia were initiated because we feared that vulture populations in the former Soviet Union could also be impacted by Diclofenac - either during the breeding season, or when wintering in south Asia.
		Since dead ungulates are the primary food source for vultures, we also suspected that this could result in a decline in food availability that could have consequences for vulture breeding.
		Recently developed mathematical models suggest that vulture decline in the former Soviet Union is caused by increased adult and juvenile mortality.
	www.aviary.org /csrv/vultures.php (509 words)

	Vulture Investing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Many vultures are endangered and conservationists decided to breed some in captivity for 20-30 years in order to protect and make the species larger; these conservationists are trying to get enough birds into a protected area before they all disappear.
		Griffon is a typical vulture, with a white bald head, very broad wings, short tail and a 2.5m wingspan.
		The Hooded Vulture is a typical vulture, with a bald pink head and a greyish “hood”.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/197/vulture-investing.html (1157 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		The Griffon is 95-110 cm (37-43 in) long with a 230-265 cm (91-105 in) wingspan, and it weights between 6 and 13 kg (13.2 and 29 lbs).
		Like other vultures it is a scavenger, feeding mostly from carcasses of dead animals which it finds by soaring over open areas, often moving in flocks.
		The Griffon breeds on crags in mountains in southern Europe, north Africa, and Asia, laying one egg.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Griffon_Vulture (324 words)

	The India Vulture - dying species
		Carcasses---rotting ones at that---are a vulture's typical diet and its scavenging habits are an important link in checking and containing the spread of infectious diseases among animals and even human beings.
		Scientists feel the quantities of pesticides found in carcass may or may not be the cause of the death of cattle but once they are consumed by the comparatively small-framed vultures, they lead to disorders in their reproductive organs, even causing thinning of their egg shells which further results in high mortality rates.
		It's popultion is dwindling sharply in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Uttar pradesh.
	www.the-south-asian.com /Feb2004/india_vulture__dying_species.htm (1104 words)

	Bird Watching Bird Fair Birding Tours conservation Man Sagar Lake Jal Mahal new Bird Park India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Vultures play a vital ecological role; their importance in cleansing the environment and maintaining the balance of nature must not be under-played or ignored.
		A workshop devoted to the vulture crisis convened by BNHS in Delhi in September 2000 (Rahmani and Prakash 2000), a workshop at the 4th Eurasian Conference on Raptors in Sevilla in September 2001 (Katzner and Parry-Jones, 2001), a Roundtable Discussion at the International Ornithological Congress in China in August 2002 (Risebrough et al.
		Whereas sick vultures observed in the field, frequently with drooping heads and necks, invariably died, those that were captured and brought to the Vulture Centre operated by the Bombay Natural History Society and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in Pinjore, Haryana, usually survived after being given food, water, and shelter.
	www.birdfair.org /vultures.htm (5946 words)

	Wild India Portal Himalayan Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Himalayan Greyheaded Fishing Eagle: (Ichthyophaga nana) 64 cms; upto 2400 mts.
		Himalayan Griffon Vulture: (Gyps himalayensis) Hindi name: Bada Gidh; 122cms.
		One of the largest birds in the Himalayas, this sandy-white vulture is purely a mountain bird, sailing majestically over mountains and valleys, searching for dead animals where they gather in numbers to feed.
	wildfilmsindia.com /wildindia/him_bd/hb_02.htm (217 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Systematics within Gypsvultures: a clade at risk
		Vultures consume diclofenac in the carcasses of treated animals, and then experience renal failure and visceral gout followed by mortality within 48 hours of ingestion [12-14].
		Indeed, Houston [2] proposed that their large body size and ability to soar over large distances in search for food are related to the associated migrant distributions and seasonal fluctuations in mortality of ungulates, and that they have consequently become incapable of actually killing their own prey (see also [52]).
		Many Gyps vulture populations have become increasingly dependent on domesticated animals, especially cattle, and this has contributed to their catastrophic decline in Pakistan and India, due to their secondary exposure to the veterinary pharmaceutical drug diclofenac (see [12,13,15,53]).
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2148/6/65 (5379 words)

	Oriental White-backed Vulture (Gyps benegalensis) and Long-billed Vulture (Gyps indicus)
		The necropsy of dead vultures showed that 80% of adults, 63% of sub-adults, 19% of juveniles and 13% of nestlings had visceral gout (Gilbert et al 2002) and this finding of consistent with the earlier reports from India (The Peregrine Fund 2000).
		All parties agreed to a manifesto that suggests obtaining, holding and possibly breeding three Gyps species of vultures in captivity as a safety measure, until the threat of Diclofenac is removed from the environment.
		In April 2005 WWF-Pakistan conducted a baseline vulture population survey in eight Districts of Balochistan to ascertain if non-Gyps species are facing the similar threats as shown by Gyps vultures in Punjab province and rest of range state countries.
	www.wwfpak.org /sc_vulture.php (631 words)

	Himalayan tours,Himalayan birding tours, Himalayan Adventure Tour to Himalaya,Tours to Himalayas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nearby mountains could include Himalayan griffon vulture, lammergeyer, khalij, koklas and cheer pheasant, crimson sunbird, fire-breasted flowerpecker etc.
		Meals: breakfast, lunch and dinner Early start for a 4-hour drive to Ranikhet through the Himalayan roads stopping en route for birding and to look for three species of forktails and brown dipper.
		Great hornbill, Pallas's fish eagle, grey-headed and lesser fish eagle, red-collared falconet etc. are some of the rare birds that are found in Corbett.
	www.junglelore.com /north-india-tour-packages/himalayan-birding-tours.htm (1112 words)

	Kazakhstan
		Demography of vultures in south-eastern Kazakhstan: In South Asia, vulture populations have declined so sharply that there is the threat that 3 species will soon go extinct in the wild.
		This is especially shocking because one of these species, the Indian white-rumped vulture, was once the most numerous raptor in the world with a population size of 10 to 40 million individuals.
		Although we have laid the framework for traditional vulture population monitoring, this approach is not sufficient to understand population trends.
	www.wcs.org /international/Asia/centralasia/kazakhstan (885 words)

	VULTURES and CONDORS
		These birds are periodic visitors to wildlife parks and it is noticeable numbers have severely lessened; in some areas no birds have been sighted in parks since 1996, though plenty of food is still available which should continue to attract them.
		For some unknown reason the Himalayan Griffon has fourteen tail feathers, whereas the norm for birds is only twelve.
		It is a huge vulture reaching 1.25 metres in length and with a head and neck which are not bare but are covered in a long fluffy layer of down, which becomes a long ruff at the base of the neck.
	www.lairweb.org.nz /vulture/himalayan.html (209 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Old World vulture
		Old World vultures are not closely related to the superficially similar New World vultures and condors, and do not share that group's good sense of smell.
		The similarities between the two groups of vultures are due to convergent evolution rather than a close relationship.
		If vultures had head feathers they would become spattered with blood and other fluids, when the vultures eat flesh from carcasses, and thus be difficult to keep clean.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Old_World_vulture (203 words)

	phorum - MalayBirders - Re: [birders] Himalayan Griffons in Malaysia / Singapore
		Himalayan Griffon are probably not comfortable crossing large/wide bodies of sea areas for e.g.
		Historically, Himalayan Griffons and other large vultures have not been recorded in Indonesia or Borneo, possibly due to the hazardous nature of crossing a wide stretch of sea.
		The recent Batu Pahat Griffon reported by KC is very interesting, as it relates to a H.Griffon caught in Muar in Jan 1995 (now probably still in Melaka Zoo), and the date of this recent Griffon sighting (B. Pahat, Jan 2006) is similar to the one caught in 1995 (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, 1999).
	www.surfbirds.com /phorum/read.php?f=45&i=9391&t=9385 (2214 words)

	National Aviary Conservation and Field Research
		In the Republic of Georgia, biologist Alexander Gavshelishvili has monitored populations of Eurasian Griffon Vultures and Cinereous Vultures for the past 15 years (there are no Himalayan Griffons in Georgia).
		Adjacent nesting by Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) and Himalayan Griffon Vulture (Gyps himalayensis) on the Tibetan Plateau, China.
		Causes and impacts of temporospatial declines of Gyps vultures in Asia.
	www.aviary.org /csrv/vultures2.php (516 words)

	Vulture breeding centre likely in Himachal - India Travel Forum \| IndiaMike.com
		Our observations on vultures this year in Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh tie up with the general situation as stated by the Bombay Natural History Society That is, that apart from the Himalayan Griffon Vulture, most other species of Indian vultures are highly endangered.
		After many years of research into the causes of the drastic decline in vulture populations there seems to be general agreement (after the virus and pesticide theories have been discounted) that the cause seems to be a vetinary product called Diclofenac, a non-steroid anti inflammatory drug given to livestock.
		As vultures are scavengers at the top of the food chain, it's thought that this becomes concentrated in the vultures and causes organ failure.
	www.indiamike.com /india/showthread.php?t=8525&goto=nextoldest (435 words)

	Vulture Alert-2
		The Indian Griffon, Himalayan Griffon and Cinereous Vulture are altitudinal migrants.
		Although Griffon is known to winter at number of places in the Indian subcontinent, the drastic decline in population when food and habitat is available in abundance, could indicate a decline in its over all population.
		The intense competition from other vulture species for food was also reduced due to the population crash but no increase in population of the species was observed.
	home.att.net /~spiderhunters/attachments/Vulture-update2.htm (2431 words)

	TDG - Tajikistan Development Gateway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It is established for the protection and reproduction of the mountain forests (nuciferous and juniper) and interesting animals: Siberian ibex, wild boar, brown bear, stone marten, weasel, ermine, fox and wolf.
		The birds protected are presented by the chukar partridge, snowcock, golden eagle, bearded vulture, kestrel, wood pigeon Columba palumbus, rufous (eastern) turtle dove Streptopelia orientalis and numerous representatives of passerine birds.
		The bearded vulture, golden eagle, kestrel, chukar partridge, Himalayan snowcock and numerous species of passerines are also under protection.
	www.tajik-gateway.org /index.phtml?lang=en&id=2089 (464 words)

	ENVIRONMENT-INDIA: Decline of Vultures an Ecological, Health Risk
		''India's vulture population has declined by over 98 percent over the past decade from tens of thousands of birds to just a few hundred, leading to a serious ecological imbalance,'' said R D Jakati, who is in charge of the vulture centre in the Himalayan foothills in Punjab state, some 300 kilometres north of Delhi.
		Officials at the Vulture Centre were sceptical about the future of their own institution, because funding for it runs out next year and the federal government has so far shown little interest in keeping the project going.
		When vulture populations were reported to be dying out a few years ago in the Keoladeo National Park in western Rajasthan state, scientists attributed this to the indiscriminate use of the pesticide DDT, both as an agricultural pesticide and in malaria control.
	www.ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=18610 (1226 words)

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