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Topic: Hinayana

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	Hinayana, English
		The term Hinayana is an echo of a debate long dead – or rather a debate where the one party is dead and the other one is shouting to the winds.
		The word Hinayana is not Tibetan, it is not Chinese, English or Bantu.
		Hinayana is nothing but a myth, although a confused and disruptive one, and wise Buddhists ought to lay that word at rest on the shelves of the Museum of Schisms, where it rightly belongs, and find other words to denote those spiritual attitudes that they wish to define.
	www.lienet.no /hinayan1.htm (1782 words)

	Hinayana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hinayana is often thought of as pejorative - the word hina means " lower, inferior; poor, miserable; vile, base, abject, contemptible, despicable " (Pali Text Society Dictionary).
		According to the Theravadins, the term was coined by the Mahayana schools solely as a way to differentiate themselves from the schools with which they were in doctrinal dispute.
		However the term is still in current use to describe traditions that aspire to Arhatship, especially in some Tibetan Buddhist circles because they inherited texts and teachings from all of the 'yanas' and simply adopted the terminology of the Mahayana Sutras.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Hinayana.html (682 words)

	Mahayana Hinayana Theravada
		Hinayana thus means 'The despicable vehicle', and has approximately the same value as calling an afro-american person a 'nigger' (according to an American person - as for myself, I am no American, so my sensibilities on this matter may be wrong).
		The term Hinayana is an echo of a debate long dead - or rather a debate where one of the debaters is dead and the other one is shouting to the winds.
		Hinayana belongs to an old and long dead debate that ought to be buried and forgotten a long time ago.
	www.buddhanet.net /budsas/ebud/ebdha091.htm (1197 words)

	Mahayana Hinayana Theravada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hinayana thus means 'The despicable vehicle', and has approximately the same value as calling an afro-american person a 'nigger' (according to an American person - as for myself, I am no American, so my sensibilities on this matter may be wrong).
		The term Hinayana is an echo of a debate long dead - or rather a debate where one of the debaters is dead and the other one is shouting to the winds.
		Hinayana belongs to an old and long dead debate that ought to be buried and forgotten a long time ago.
	www.budsas.org /ebud/ebdha091.htm (1197 words)

	Mahayana Buddhism, Hinayana Buddhism, Buddhism Sects, Huinayanas, Mahayanas
		The older version of Buddhism (the Hinayanas) believed that the only way to attain nirvana was by leading a monastic life of austerity, abandoning all worldly pleasures.
		Hinayana (Huinayanas) professes to follow the basic principles of the Pali canon and, by this standard, may be identified with primitive Buddhism.
		Hinayana denies any god outside and above man and so logically concerns itself only with self, which it seeks to spare the trial of continuous rebirth by Nirvana annihilation.
	festivals.iloveindia.com /buddha-purnima/mahayana-hinayana.html (712 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum -> The term 'Hinayana'
		Moreover, in Eastern and Northern Buddhism, the term 'Hinayana' came to be mostly used to refer to the lower level of spiritual motivation and practice which prepared for the Mahayana level.
		In fact, it is a mistake to equate the ‘Hinayana” with the Theravada School, both because the term is a disparaging one not accepted by the school, and also because it was used to refer to all schools which did not accept the Mahayana Sutras as authoritative.
		Hinayana is a derogatory term meaning "Small Vehicle" or "Inferior Vehicle" (like a skateboard, which carries only one), used by people who claim to follow the "Mahayana" to refer to followers of the Theravada school or "Way of the Elders", as if they themselves have already passed that stage.
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/index.php?showtopic=21602 (6692 words)

	Hinayana
		Hinayana remains the form in Ceylon, Burma, and Siam, hence is known as Southern Buddhism in contrast with Northern Buddhism or Mahayana, the form chiefly prevalent from Nepal to Japan.
		Another rough division is that of Pali and Sanskrit, Pali being the general literary language of the surviving form of Hinayana, Sanskrit of Mahayana.
		According to Mahayana teaching its own aim is universal Buddhahood, which means the utmost development of wisdom and the perfect transformation of all the living in the future state; it declares that Hinayana,aiming at arhatship and pratyeka-buddhahood, seeks the destruction of body and mind and extinction in nirvana.
	www.purifymind.com /drfu33.htm (286 words)

	Buddhism and the Trade Routes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The term Hinayana ("Low Vehicle," "Lesser Vehicle") refers to the group of Buddhist schools or sects that appeared before the common era and those schools or sects that were later derived from them.
		Hinayana was originally a pejorative term used by supporters of the Mahayana ("Great Vehicle," discussed below) to describe those who did not accept Mahayana teachings as the authentic words of the Buddha.
		Although Theravada is sometimes used to replace the pejorative term Hinayana, in actuality Theravada Buddhism is the last remaining school of the twenty or so early Indian non-Mahayana schools of Buddhism to survive and is not an adequate substitute.
	www.asiasocietymuseum.com /buddhist_trade/glossary.html (693 words)

	Deer Park
		Hinayana Buddhism views the cravings and desires of human beings as the reason for their agony, and believes that one can reach emancipation through introspection and the control of one's desires.
		Thus, Hinayana Buddhism's philosophy and organization focuses on transcendence of desire, and seeks deep forests or the insides of caves as the venue for ascetic practices.
		Hinayana Buddhism also recommends that one enter monkhood, so that one can separate oneself from luxuries, and even essentials, such as clothing and housing.
	www.zen-catskillny.org /html/buddhism.html (962 words)

	Mahayana Buddhism
		Hinayana sees that liberation can only be achieved through one's own effort, while Mahayana consider assistance from outside as possible.
		Nirvana, to Hinayana is the final exit from the world, while it to Mahayana considered becoming conscious of one's own absoluteness and gaining a state of mental aloofness from all.
		The Hinayana attitude is to defeat the world by analysing its elements and using that knowledge for individual conduct.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/8916/index2.html (1069 words)

	500428: The Chief Characteristics and Doctrines of Mahayana Buddhism
		Hinayana Buddhism was called Southern Buddhism, since it prevailed in southern countries like Burma and Ceylon.
		The Hinayana is exceedingly hard; whereas the burden of the Mahayana is light, and does not require one to totally renounce the world and his affections for humanity.
		The Hinayana was for the Buddhist elect chiefly: the Mahayana is for everybody.
	www.stanford.edu /group/King/publications/papers/vol1/500428-The_Chief_Characteristics_and_Doctrines_of_Mahayana_Buddhism.htm (3277 words)

	Shambhala Sun - The Wisdom of the Body in the Hinayana, Mahayana and Vajrayana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hinayana emphasizes these four mindfulness practices as meditations upon the nature of relative reality, while the Mahayana approach makes use of these practices as a way of realizing the absolute truth.
		From the Hinayana point of view, the body is the basis for the self-clinging that is said to be the cause of suffering.
		In the Hinayana tradition, mindfulness of body is also practiced using the method known as the “meditation on ugliness,” or the “meditation on that which is repulsive.” The object of one’s meditation, in this case, includes both one’s own body and the bodies of others.
	www.shambhalasun.com /index.php?option=content&task=view&id=1437 (4345 words)

	Brian Hafer - Is Deity Yoga Buddhist? The Philosophical Foundations of Tantric Practice
		Hinayana practice has been likened to refusing a cup of poison, that is, ceasing to commit acts of body and mind which cause direct or indirect harm to oneself.
		The goal of Hinayana practice is to reach the stage of an arhat, one who has rid oneself of the defilements of ignorance (avidya), attachment (raga), and aversion (dvesha) with the aid of a teacher.
		The Hinayana that is often criticized in the texts of the other two vehicles as having fallen into the trap of reification of the dharmas is also descended from the Sthaviravada.
	home.comcast.net /~bhafer/deityyoga.html (12280 words)

	Page Title
		The essence of the Hinayana Vows which are the codes of moral discipline is weariness with samsara.
		The followers of Hinayana take refuge in the Buddha alone and pledge themselves to work from not until death to liberate themselves from samsaric suffering.
		Hinayana Dharma is concerned with the pacification of emotions.
	home.comcast.net /~anitsering/page6.html (909 words)

	Brian Hafer - Is Deity Yoga Buddhist? The Philosophical Foundations of Tantric Practice
		Hinayana practice has been likened to refusing a cup of poison, that is, ceasing to commit acts of body and mind which cause direct or indirect harm to oneself.
		The goal of Hinayana practice is to reach the stage of an arhat, one who has rid oneself of the defilements of ignorance (avidya), attachment (raga), and aversion (dvesha) with the aid of a teacher.
		The Hinayana that is often criticized in the texts of the other two vehicles as having fallen into the trap of reification of the dharmas is also descended from the Sthaviravada.
	bhafer.home.comcast.net /deityyoga.html (12280 words)

	[No title]
		Hinayana Teachings The Hinayana teachings are also known as the "Inferior Vehicle," referring to the fact that the vehicle to be ridden is small and inferior.
		Opposition between Hinayana and Mahayana After Shakyamuni's death, his disciples were at variance as to how the Buddhist teachings should be taught and transmitted, and split into two schools, the conservative Theraveda school and the progressive Mahasamghika school.
		It is further said that the Hinayana teachings are centered on the self, and that the practice of those teachings is ultimately for personal perfection and emancipation only.
	www.nst.org /articles/lbshm.txt (965 words)

	The Terms Hinayana and Mahayana
		The terms Hinayana (theg-dman, lesser vehicle, modest vehicle) and Mahayana (theg-chen, greater vehicle, vast vehicle) appeared first in the Prajnaparamita Sutras (Sher-phyin mdo, Sutras on Far-Reaching Discriminating Awareness, Perfection of Wisdom Sutras) in approximately the second century of the modern era.
		When the Indo-Tibetan tradition studies and discusses Hinayana systems of philosophical tenets, their reference is Vaibhashaka and Sautrantaka, which are Sarvastivada, another of the eighteen schools.
		Both the Hinayana and Mahayana schools outline paths for shravakas (listeners to Buddha's teachings) and pratyekabuddhas (self-realizers) to reach the purified state of an arhat (liberated being), and for bodhisattvas to reach Buddhahood.
	www.berzinarchives.com /web/en/archives/study/comparison_buddhist_traditions/theravada_hinayana_mahayana/terms_hinayana_mahayana.html (373 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum -> Hinayana-theravada
		Hinayana means 'lesser vehicle' and concerns the initial drives and perceptions that lead a person toward the position in which loving kindness becomes the major motivational force.
		In Mahayana sutras it is used to refer to the selfish path of seeking enlightenment for oneself as opposed to the Bodhisattva ideal.
		First, from the context of Mahayana Sutras that talk about Hinayana, it seems that when they are referring to a specific school (and often they are not referring to a school), they are referring to the Sarvastivada tradition.
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/index.php?showtopic=8083 (2084 words)

	Four Noble Truths - the Karmapa website
		Hinayana literally means "lesser vehicle," but this term should in no way be a reproach or be construed to any way diminish the importance of the teachings.
		In fact, the teachings of the Hinayana are very important because they suit the capacities and development of a great number of students.
		The fundamental teachings of the Hinayana are the main subject matter of the first turning of the wheel of dharma.
	www.kagyuoffice.org /buddhism.4nobletruths.html (5161 words)

	Hinayana Mahayana Politics Legal Society - Buddhism News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hinayana and Mahayana which work principally at the level of body;...
		The Hinayana champions the arhat ideal, the Mahayana, the bodhisattva...
		Yoga, Nyaya, Vaishesika and Mimamsa; Jainism and Indian Hinayana and Mahayana...
	www.buddhismnews.com /buddhism/hinayana-mahayana-politics-legal-society.html (228 words)

	The Three Vehicles: Hinayana, Mahayana and Tantrayana
		The term Hinayana (smaller vehicle) appeared only much later, around the first century CE, when teachings of a different nature appeared which were called Mahayana (greater Vehicle).
		Due to the negative connotation of the term Hinayana, the World Fellowship of Buddhists decided that the term Hinayana should be dropped to refer to Buddhism existing today, and the term Theravada should be applied.
		The teachings on the Four Noble Truths and meditation form the basis of Theravada and Hinayana practice.We must not confuse Hinayana with Theravada because the terms are not synonymous.
	members.fortunecity.com /kalachakra1/vehicles.html (1966 words)

	Parinibbana: Hinayana
		O termo Hinayana é o eco de um debate morto há muito tempo — ou ainda um debate onde um lado está morto e o outro está gritando aos ventos.
		Hinayana — originalmente significando "veículo de qualidade desprezível" — adquiriu o novo significado "veículo de menor capacidade".
		Hinayana não é tibetano, é páli/sânscrito, e é ofensiva, o significado depreciativo permanece inalterado por quaisquer tentativas de suavização.
	www.nibbana.org.br /hinayana.html (1722 words)

	Mahayana verses Hinayana
		Mahayanist Buddhists typically translate the term "Hinayana" as the "lesser" or "inferior vehicle." When a Mahayanist or Vajrayanist refers to Theravadan Buddhism as 'Hinayana' they may not realize that to call someone's philosophy 'inferior' or 'lesser' is most clearly an offensive gesture.
		There perhaps the use of the Hinayana construct to build a platform of faith in Vajrayana's "superiority" from which to teach was no doubt used for a simple hill-people, who might have felt a bit insecure compared to the peoples of lowland origins of Buddhism.
		It must be understood that using the term 'Hinayana' is clearly an example of wrong speech, which violates both the precepts and Noble Eightfold Path, which are the core of Buddhist principles.
	www.greatwesternvehicle.org /hinayanavsmahayana.htm (1084 words)

	Hinayana Curriculum
		Hinayana studies are the foundation for Buddhist learning.
		In our subsequent courses, which are currently in final stages of development, we inquire into the ways this view can be applied dynamically through the practices of the Hinayana path, where techniques of the mindfulness, concentration and insight are explored in detail.
		Furthermore, our studies look at the core principles of Buddhist ethics and society, and the relations of the Hinayana to the other teachings of Buddhism which are studied in the 300 and 400 level curriculum.
	www.nalandabodhi.org /hinayana_curriculum.html (346 words)

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