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Topic: Hindu Mahasabha

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Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha

Sangh Parivar

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

Syama Prasad Mookerjee

Nathuram Godse

Zamindari system

Bhagat Singh

Dhoti

Beretta 1934

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	Asian Studies Institute - Other published material
		The articulation of the Hindu identity of the lower caste peasantry in Bengal during the last phase of colonial rule was to a large extent the result of deliberate endeavours of the various Hindu religious organisations.
		For example, the Hindu Mission from the 1930s on clearly realised that in order to thwart what it conceived to be the Muslim threat, it was essential to mobilise the lower caste segments of the Bengali Hindu population.
		The point that this paper seeks to drive home is that the Scheduled Caste responses to the Hindu Mahasabha activities in the 1940s, as well as their electoral support for the Congress in 1946, reflected their integrationist feelings and their willingness to co-operate with their co-religionists across class and caste lines.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /asianstudies/publications/working/changingBorders.html (5976 words)

	Manas: History and Politics, Indus Valley
		Hindu Pad-Padashahi [1925], a treatise on Hindu Kingship, or more particularly on the glories of India under Maratha rule, showed as well the impact of political events on Savarkar’s thinking: both the Khilafat movement, as well as the Moplah Rebellion, doubtless played a part in turning Savarkar against Muslims.
		Not only did the Hindu Mahasabha, whose presidency Savarkar assumed in 1937 upon the rescission of the order which confined him to Ratnagiri District, not oppose the British position in World War II, but the Mahasabha played no role in the Quit India movement and indeed even assisted the British in its suppression.
		It is no surprise that he should appeal to the leadership of the present generation of Hindu extremists, who are similarly bereft of intellectual ideas, moral sentiments, and the barest standards of truth in public life, and whose idea of bravery entails murderous onslaught upon religious minorities.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/History/Hindu_Rashtra/veer.html (1270 words)

	Pakistan Today: Front Page 662005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Hindu communalists would willingly accord Muslim communalists the position of sole spokesmen of the Muslims if by doing so this gesture is reciprocated, in turn, by them.
		The notion of Hindus and Muslims being separate, antagonistic, nations was central to the Hindu 'nationalist' discourse articulated by 'upper' caste, principally Brahmin, ideologues in late nineteenth century Bengal and Maharashtra.
		The Mahasabha was essentially an 'upper' caste outfit, representing as it did 'upper' caste interests while at the same time claiming to champion the rights of 'Hindu nation'.
	www.paktoday.com /advani.htm (1798 words)

	Hedgewar And RSS
		But certain sections of the Hindu intelligentsia felt threatened by the Muslim mobilisation for the Khilafat movement and invented like Scottish nationalism a sense of Hindu identity through organisations like the Hindu Mahasabha and the RSS.
		The purpose was to dispel the British perception of Hindu as weak and effeminate.
		The Sanskritised Hindu culture which the RSS championed was that of high tradition, and even its techniques bore the marks of Brahminical culture".
	www.countercurrents.org /comm-ramaswamy260603.htm (1837 words)

	The Hindu : Mahasabha seeks quota for forward caste poor
		Leaders from both the ruling Congress and the Opposition BJP were seen on the dais along with the mahasabha leaders as the rally began with an invocation and chanting of slokas.
		The Congress MLA and mahasabha president, Bhanwarlal Sharma, the State Education Minister, Bulaki Das Kalla, and senior State BJP leader, Ghanshyam Tiwari, were among the speakers.
		Brahmins and Rajputs are in the forefront of the agitation seeking reservation for the poor among the forward castes in the State, where election is due this year-end.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2003/09/08/stories/2003090802021300.htm (144 words)

	Rise of Hindtva
		With the weakening of Congress and a strengthening of the Hindu nationalist movement, by May 1996, the BJP was able to become the plurality party in the Lok Sabha capturing 195 seats behind the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
		Hinduism holds honor and morality highly, and the uncovering of Congress as corrupt and scandalous during the spring of 1996 allowed the BJP to claim to be the only major political party featuring classical Hindu morality embodied in its members.
		Since Hinduism believes in the transmigration of souls--the notion that one's soul passes from body to body until it achieves purity-- the ultimate goal is moksa (liberation), which is the end of the rebirth cycle.
	www.geocities.com /Indianfascism/fascism/rise_of_hindtva.htm (6974 words)

	The Hindu : Karnataka News : Godse accompanied Savarkar to Shimoga in 1944
		The Hindu : Karnataka News : Godse accompanied Savarkar to Shimoga in 1944
		The late Bhoopalam Chandrashekariah, president of the Hindu Mahasabha State unit, is seated to Savarkar's left.
		The conference motivated the activists of the Hindu Mahasabha to keep their organisation alive by holding the Ganesha festival every year under the banner of the Veer Savarkar Hindu Sanghatan Mahamandali.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2004/09/22/stories/2004092205650400.htm (530 words)

	Manas: History and Politics, Indus Valley
		The general consensus appears to be that Nathuram, who saw himself as a passionate and ardent defender of the Hindu motherland against the depredations of Muslims, was at one point active in the RSS but resigned his membership in the early 1930s.
		Whether Godse formally remained a member of the RSS is much less important than the fact that though the Hindu Mahasabha and the RSS had some ideological differences, both organizations were united in their extreme hostility to Gandhi as well as to Muslims.
		Sardar Patel, the Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister in Nehru’s Cabinet, was himself inclined to view the Mahasabha and the RSS as organizations that had together created an atmosphere in which, as he wrote on 18 July 1848 to the Hindu Mahasabha leader, Shyam Prasad Mookerjee, “such a ghastly tragedy [Gandhi’s assassination] became possible.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/History/Hindu_Rashtra/nathuram.html (492 words)

	3. The Bodh Gaya temple controversy
		The anti-Hindu bias of Ambedkarite Buddhism was strengthened by the parallel Buddhist animus against Tamil Hindus in Sri Lanka and Burma/Myanmar, as well as by the tendency among Nehruvian intellectuals to construe Buddhism historically as an anti-Hindu revolt.
		The RSS claims credit for mobilizing the Hindu opposition, but the main point is probably that the Backward Castes inside Laloo Prasad Yadav’s own party (Janata Dal, now Rashtriya Janata Dal) are not as insensitive to Hindu concerns as some political scientists always assume in their fevered dreams of a big anti-Brahmin alliance.
		Hindus never destroyed the Mahabodhi temple, they never took it from the Buddhists, they have handed it over for Buddhist worship in a settlement piloted by the Hindu Mahasabha, and they are not interfering nor claiming a right to interfere with Buddhist practices there.
	koenraadelst.voiceofdharma.com /books/acat/ch3.htm (2117 words)

	Hindutva Series : Hindu History - A Search for Our Present in History
		And this is why Hinduism is called a Living Idea, guided by the sum total of human wisdom that is not considered to be embodied in one person, or one book, or one period of human history.
		If Hindu Cosmogony is to be believed, Shiva-Nataraj symbolizes not merely the rhythm of physical force of a dancer; but also the cosmic process of creation, renewal and destruction of life.
		According to the Hindu concept, life was divided into the four stages of Brahmacharya (childhood and celibate youth), Grihasta (householder), Vanaprastha (householder who has begun his quest for spiritual pursuits) and Sanyasin (a person who has given up wordly attachments in search of spiritual quest).
	newsanalysis-intl.tripod.com (3500 words)

	Secular India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The interest of Indian Hindu nationalists in fascism and Mussolini must not be considered as dictated by an occasional curiosity, confined to a few individuals; rather, it should be considered as the culminating result of the attention that Hindu nationalists, especially in Maharashtra, focussed on Italian dictatorship and its leader.
		Savarkar was declared president of the Hindu Mahasabha as soon as he was released in 1937, and he held that office until 1942.
		The president of the Hindu Mahasabha put forward his claim on the content of his meeting with Netaji four years after Gandhi’s assassination, when the image of the Hindu Mahasabha and its affiliation were badly damaged by the suspicion of their involvement in the murder.
	www.www.secularindia.net /article33.html (5306 words)

	ANSWER TO CHARGE-
		I publicly joined anti-caste movements and maintained that all Hindus should be treated with equal status as to rights social and religious, and should be high or low on their merit alone and not through the accident of birth in a particular caste or profession.
		Thus deprived of his virile leadership and magnetic influence, the activities and influence of the Hindu Mahasabha too got crippled and when Dr. Mookerjee became its President the Mahasabha was actually reduced to the position of a hand-maid to the Congress.
		A group of Hindu Mahasabhaites wanted to know what the Hindu Mahasabha's attitude should be with regard to the Congress Government which was certain to be the Government of the New State, ruling over the so-called India State in the remaining Part of India.
	www.geocities.com /hindu-rastra/mipyh2.html (5523 words)

	Onlinevolunteers.org - Gujarat Carnage: Upsurge or Shame By Ram Puniyani, May 2002
		Hindu Mahasabha did enter electoral battles against Congress, propagating its concept of Hindu Rashtra but it did not get any electoral support and at the best of times its support base did not go beyond a percent or two of the total votes polled.
		Hindu Mahasabha and RSS combine, for whom Hinduism is pure and simple Brahminism in a newer garb of modern language, opposed his interpretation.
		Since the majority of Hindus are quiet and not taking on the aggressive Hindusim of Sangh Parivar, it is trying to create an impression that its Hinduism is THE Hinduism and it is the spokesperson of Hindus.
	www.onlinevolunteers.org /gujarat/news/articles/ram-may.htm (1418 words)

	Magnanimity In spite of Political Differences
		If the newspaper were to remain in Nagpur, the Hindu Mahasabha would have to work heavily, to raise the required amount.
		This would be counter-productive to the interests and spirit of the Hindu Mahasabha.
		Mandalekar, where Veer Sawarkar, (the spiritual leader of the Hindu Mahasabha) was also present, the topic was hotly debated.
	www.hssworld.org /doctorji/kali_narrations/22.htm (352 words)

	4. Hindutva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Following Savarkar, the RSS-BJP and other Hindu parties including Savarkar’s own Hindu Mahasabha use the term “Hindu” in the broad sense: as including Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Veerashaivism, Arya Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, Indian tribal “animists”, and other sects and movements which elsewhere are sometimes described as separate religions in their own right.
		Hinduism has become international, and increasingly includes people who have never seen India or have only been there once or twice on a family visit, appalled at the dirt and lack of efficiency, and anxious to get back home to London or Vancouver.
		Both the nationalist definition of Hindu-ness developed by Savarkar and the clumsy notion of “Mohammedi Hindus” brandished by the RSS and BJP are elements of an attempt to delink the term Hinduism from its natural religious or cultural contents.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/wiah/ch4.htm (1914 words)

	NetGuruIndia news main page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		That was why Jana Sangh, the party he had founded with a nod from the then RSS sarsanghchalak, Guru Golwalkar, failed to cash in on the sentiment to win the parliamentary election from South Calcutta seat caused by the premature death in 1953 of Dr Mookerjee.
		Dr Mookerjee had in his presidential speech at the Mahasabha conference in 1944 at Bilaspur, laid emphasis on a special endeavour to draw peasants and workers into the fold of Mahasabha or its mass fronts.
		That was in a sense the high noon of communalisation of politics, causing augmentation of influence of both Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha.
	www.netguruindia.com /news/Jul00/06/NAT5.html (935 words)

	HINDU TIMELINE
		-3200: Hindu astronomers called nakshatra darshas record in Vedic texts their observations of full moon and new moon at the winter and summer solstices and spring and fall equinoxes with reference to 27 fixed stars (nakshatras) spaced nearly equally on the moon's ecliptic or apparent path across the sky.
		This largest Hindu temple in Asia is 12 miles in circumference, with a 200-foot high central tower.
		1948: Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated January 30th by Nathuram Godse, 35, editor-publisher of a Hindu Mahasabha weekly in Poona, in retaliation for Gandhi's concessions to Muslim demands and agreeing to partition 27% of India to create the new Islamic nation of Pakistan.
	www.angelfire.com /hi/HSCatYORK/a3.html (12107 words)

	Knot of death
		Bharti's parents and Mahasabha activists who were in the building later claimed that there was a burning smell from the bathroom.
		But she believes it was a case of murder involving Mahasabha activists who were forcing Bharti to give up her new identity as Firdous Bano and return to the Hindu fold.
		Jha, however, could not explain why the police had detained a legally married woman late into the night, and shifted her to a women's home when she wished to be with her husband.
	www.ambedkar.org /News/Kntfdath.htm (946 words)

	A Tribute to Hinduism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		For the new generation of "political Hindus", impatient with the RSS' over-emphasis on organisation, the agnostic and rationalist Savarkar is a key inspiration.
		An extract from his 1937 presidential address to the Hindu Mahasabha in Ahmedabad has been cited by the Congress to suggest that he was the protagonist of the two-nation theory.
		As leader of the Mahasabha from 1937 to 1948, he earned the respect of many Hindus, but never secured their loyalty.
	www.atributetohinduism.com /articles_hinduism/243.htm (653 words)

	Hindu Unity - Links
		It is undeniable that Hindu Maha Sabha ideologue Savarkar spoke of reviving the "race spirit" of the Hindus.
		As late as 1947, British sources spoke of Hindus and Muslims not as contending religions but as "the two races of India", though they knew fully well that these were not separate biological races, most Indian Muslims being the progeny of converts from Hinduism.
		To say that, faced with the choice of being loyal to Britain in her war with Germany, the Hindu Mahasabha took "a particularly strong pro-German position", is the diametrical opposite of the truth.
	www.hinduunity.org /articles/bharathistory/veer.html (2834 words)

	Hindutva Series : Hindu History - British Rule and Independence
		Unlike the fierce struggle between the Muslim monarchy and the Hindu landed nobility in the initial days of Muslim Occupation, the coming of the British power saw a smooth adjustment between the pre-British landed aristocracy and the colonial power.
		Incidentally, Savarkar (the President of the Hindu Mahasabha) had tried to do just this in the Cripps Mission (of Sir Stafford Cripps who was a member of the cabinet mission to India 1946) just before independence.
		But Savarkar and the Hindu Mahasabha were in a minority and so he failed to influence British policy.
	hindutva.org /landbritish.html (4967 words)

	Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha was a Hindu nationalist organization originally founded in 1915 to counter the Muslim League and the secular Indian National Congress.
		K.B.Hedgewar who founded RSS served as vice president of MAHASABHA under presidentship of V.D. Savarkar.
		Soon after India's Indipendence and subsequent assasination of Gandhi a good number of Hindu Mahasabhaite joined BHARTIYA JANA SANGH under the leadership of S.P.Mukherjee who had left HINDU MAHASABHA and joined hands with the R.S.S.for floating a political party right under the control and supervision of R.S.S..
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Hindu_Mahasabha (121 words)

	RSS - THE SANGH: What is it, and what is it not?
		Traditionally conservative but apolitical Hindu temples in USA and Europe are now targeted by the Sangh in order to mobilize second-generation Indian-American youth through organization of VHP-sponsored Hindu summer camps and various religious conventions of HSC.
		Thus, in the nineties, RSS, VHP, and BJP forged the strong Hindu revivalist Rama platform that dwelled on the issue of the "historic" birthplace of Lord Rama in Ayodhya in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
		Clearly, BJP now seems to be the party of choice of the upper caste conservative Hindus-the traditional kingmakers of India-and the political equilibrium seems to have shifted in their direction.
	www.sacw.net /DC/CommunalismCollection/ArticlesArchive/OnRSS.html (5081 words)

	The Subcontinent
		On the one hand, the right-wing Hindu organizations have launched physical attacks on minorities, particularly the Muslims, and on the other, a concerted effort is being made to denigrate the images of modern India’s founders, Mohandas K. Gandhi and Jawarharlal Nehru, by portraying Gandhi’s assassin as a hero.
		It symbolizes a deep-rooted ethos within the Hindu populace which had been submerged for a while under the ambivalence of Gandhi and the eloquent rhetoric of Nehru.
		Pakistan’s founder, Mohamad Ali Jinnah, read the minds of many of the Hindu Brahmins correctly, which is why he demanded the partition of India and even agreed to a truncated Pakistan as a separate homeland for the Muslims.
	www.wrmea.com /backissues/1098/9810059.html (1276 words)

	rediff.com US edition: Row in South Africa over Narasimha temple
		The temple dedicated to Lord Narasimha Deva, (a half-man, half-lion incarnation of Vishnu) at the coastal town of Umhlanga Rocks north of Durban is getting very little community support, and the South African Hindu Mahasabha has dissociated itself from the venture.
		The Hindu community took objection to the fee that was charged at the Maha Chakra Yagna -- a sacrificial ritual held in the Indian township of Phoenix, north of Durban, ahead of construction of the temple.
		Das and his organisation came under fire from local members of the Hindu community when participants had to fork out Rand 108 each and were also compelled to purchase the ingredients required for the prayers from a special stall on the site.
	inhome.rediff.com /us/2001/aug/04sa2.htm (436 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		All this, according to Mr Singhal, was a victory for Hindu society.
		Moreover, such hatred was the driving force in the formation of the Hindu Mahasabha, out of which have sprung organizations like the VHP and the Bharatiya Janata Party.
		Both V.D. Savarkar and M.S. Golwalkar, the founding fathers of the Hindu Mahasabha, made no secret of their belief that Muslims were aliens in India and of their intense hatred of Muslims.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1020907/asp/opinion/story_1174174.asp (542 words)

	HINDU NATIONALISTS CONTINUE TO ATTACK CHRISTIANS IN `SECULAR' INDIA, EDOLPHUS TOWNS in the US Congress, FEBRUARY 11, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Apparently, the Hindu Nationalists are afraid that the Dalits, or `Untouchables', the aboriginal people of South Asia who are at the bottom of the caste structure, are switching to other religions, primarily Christianity, thus improving their status.
		This undermines the caste structure which is the foundation of the Hindu social structure.
		A nun was raped Wednesday night in the eastern state of Orissa where Australian missionary Graham Staines and his two young sons were burnt to death in their car by a Hindu mob on January 22.
	www.dalitstan.org /journal/rights/106/070299.html (797 words)

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