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Topic: Hindu Nationalism

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	Hindu nationalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hindu nationalism is the political and cultural expression, histriographical and political theories of Indian nationalism distinctive to Hindu society in India, which asserts being Hindu as not merely a religious identity, but a national identity.
		This article endeavors to explore the roots of religious nationalism in the history of India and Hinduism, the political and cultural expression of nationalism of the mainstream Hindu population, as well as fundamentalism and the contemporary revival of Hinduism.
		The main inspiration of Hindu nationalism arises from the glories of the Mauryan Empire and the Gupta Empire, under whom India was politically and military dominant and prosperous, and Hindu religion and culture at its greatest heights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hindu_Nationalism (2655 words)

	Hindutva - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Indian subcontinent (which includes the area south of the Himalaya and the Hindu Kush, usually Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and sometimes Afghanistan) or Akhand Bharat is the homeland of the Hindus.
		Hindus have been historically oppressed in their own land by invading forces like the Muslims and the Christians.
		A Hindu state (or rather, declaration of a Hindu nation) must be established to protect the rights of the Hindus in their homeland and bring about a general cultural revival.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hindutva (1563 words)

	Hindu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Hindu, as per modern definition is an adherent of philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, the predominant religious, philosophical and cultural system of the Indian subcontinent and the island of Bali.
		Hinduism, especially its history and heritage, is vitally important, and the political identity and expression of India and other countries' Hindus.
		Hindus in India are cremated upon open grounds upon wooden pyres, though the use of cremation chambers is increasing in popularity owing to the scarcity of wood and lack of exposure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hindu (3488 words)

	The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India by Thomas Blom Hansen; Oxford University Press, Delhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The main story of the book is about the growth of Hindu nationalism in the last decade of 20th century as a result of complex interplay of the social and political processes that have been generated by the expansion of democracy.
		His main argument is that Hindu nationalism has emerged and taken shape neither in the political system as such nor in the religious field but in the broader realm of public space in which a lot of political activity takes place.
		Hindu nationalism emerged due to massive and protracted labour of organisation and ideological promulgation, the existence of certain receptivity and disgruntlement of broad social milieu and the presence of certain strategic conditions of possibilities in the political field.
	www.dalitstan.org /store/bkrev/saffwave.html (2190 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Nationalism [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nationalism was still an elite phenomenon for a couple of centuries after the Treaty of Westphalia, but during the 19th century in Europe it spread widely and became popularized.
		All forms of nationalism rely on the population being a nation; that is, that all the members of the population believe that they share some kind of common culture, and culture can't be wholly separated from ethnicity.
		The nationalization of the Suez Canal by Gamal Abdel Nasser.
	encyclozine.com /Nationalism (3350 words)

	World Policy Journal - World Policy Institute
		Hindu nationalists, however, believe that for a thousand years India has been a single cultural unit that absorbed all its invaders, and that Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, and Buddhists are all converts from, or offshoots of, a basic Hindu entity.
		Hindu nationalists, for example, want to change the name of Allahabad, that great city on the Ganges, to Prayag, which they claim was the original name for the town mentioned in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana, and other mythological texts before the Muslim Moghul emperor, Akbar, changed its name to suit his own god.
		There had been Hindu nationalist rallies at the site for several years previously, but in 1992, whipped up by BJP politicians, 200,000 militants shouting "Hindustan is for the Hindus" and "Death to the Muslims" stormed the mosque and using sledgehammers, picks, and bare hands literally reduced the mosque to rubble.
	www.worldpolicy.org /journal/greenway.html (2232 words)

	(DV) Chatterji: Hindu Nationalism and Orissa -- Minorities as Other
		Adivasis are 8.01 percent of the nation's inhabitants, yet 40 percent of the displaced population.
		Where conversions to Hinduism are acquiescent and occur with the complicity of non Hindus, acquiescence is produced by its intimacy with the dominant.
		Hindu nationalism is aided by the state as it operates as legatee to its imperial coloniser, inheriting and modifying its biopolitics.
	www.dissidentvoice.org /Mar04/Chatterji0309.htm (5230 words)

	Hindu nationalism & women
		The kind of nationalism that is being peddled by the RSS is one that has been functioning for the last century and a half to maintain the highly subordinate position of women in India.
		On the one hand, the role of women in national liberation movements has legitimised their coming out of the home into the public sphere, and has helped them confront their own subordination within a domestic patriarchy along with the national oppressor.
		On the other hand, the elite's concern to defend their ``national culture'' against western invasion has led them to defend the subordination of women to the community, and with it some of the most retrograde of traditional customs.
	www.ambedkar.org /gail/Hindunationalism.htm (2108 words)

	Postmodernism, Hindu nationalism and `Vedic science'
		THE contemporary Hindu propagandists are inheritors of the 19th century neo-Hindu nationalists who started the tradition of dressing up the spirit-centered metaphysics of orthodox Hinduism in modern scientific clothes.
		Hinduism, in contrast, absorbs the alien Other by proclaiming its doctrines to be only "different names for the One Truth" contained in Hinduism's own Perennial Wisdom.
		Whereas classical Hinduism limited this passive-aggressive form of conquest to matters of religious doctrine, neo-Hindu intellectuals have extended this mode of conquest to secular knowledge of modern science as well.
	www.flonnet.com /fl2026/stories/20040102000607800.htm (4374 words)

	MBEAW: Hindu Nationalism
		The Brotherhood in Saffron: The Rashtriya Sayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Revivalism (Boulder: Westview, 1987).
		In the Belly of the Beast: The Hindu Supremacist RSS and BJP of India.
		Hindu Nationalism and Indian Politics: The Origins and Development of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (NY: Cambridge, 1990).
	mbeaw.org /resources/religion/hindunationalism.php (852 words)

	India's leader-in-waiting fans Hindu nationalism \| csmonitor.com
		NEW DELHI – To devotees, he is the savior of Hindu India: "as pure as the Gangotri, and as broad as the Ganges," as one put it.
		Among the Indian middle class, the byproduct of Hindutva was a new discourse of muscular nationalism.
		That Hindu forces are stoking the fires is seen in the appointment of one Vinay Katiyar to head the BJP in the crowded "cow-belt" state of Uttar Pradesh.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/0726/p01s04-wosc.html (1866 words)

	Hindu nationalism - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hindutva was and is still often perceived as a racist ideology, speaking of Hindus as a select race and calling for the extermination or exile of all Muslims and Christians from India.
		Hindu extremists also blamed Gandhi for conceeding Pakistan to the Muslim League via appeasement.
		It is estimated by the National Human Rights Commission that over 2,000 people were killed, and tens of thousands of Muslims displaced.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Hindu_Nationalist (2666 words)

	Asia Times
		These nations do not call themselves "secular", but some Indians are hell bent on being identified as citizens of a "secular" nation.
		Hindutva was first defined by V D Savarkar, one of founders of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangha (RSS), the right-wing Hindu grouping set up by the British in the early 1920s to keep Hindus divided and to extend British colonial rule.
		During the Cold War period, particularly from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s, India was a witting victim of yet another hollow debate.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/EB04Df03.html (1249 words)

	Print : Hindu Nationalism vs. Islamic Jihad
		Typically overloooked, however, is the fact that India's growing Hindu militancy--which enjoys close ties with the Indian government--is stoking Hindu-Muslim conflict in the regio and undermining India's secular democracy.
		The movement includes militant organizations that--in retaliation for a deadly attack by Muslims on a trainload of Hindus--helped organize the systematic killing of as many as 2,000 Muslims in the western state of Gujarat in March.
		It appears that some of these Hindu extremist groups receive some of their funds from charities in the U.S. and the U.K. We should ensure that no funds from the United States gathered under charitable causes are used to finance terrorism, and we must publicly condemn the violence and officials who support ethnic cleansing.
	www.eppc.org /printVersion/print_conf.asp?eventID=28 (660 words)

	Hindu science - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Hindu science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Basically naturopathic system of medicine widely practised in India and based on principles derived from the ancient Hindu scriptures, the Vedas.
		Hospital treatments and remedial prescriptions tend to be nonspecific and to coordinate holistic therapies for body, mind, and spirit.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Hindu+science (101 words)

	Postmodernism, Hindu nationalism and "Vedic science" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Both the Hindu right and the Nehruvian left, as long as they remained prisoners of modern scientific ways of thinking, were equally "derivatives" of their colonial masters.
		True national liberation will mean a rediscovery of India’s unique gestalt, which, in the postcolonial narrative, lies in its holism, monism or non-dualism, as compared to the tendency of the Western science towards separation of objects from their context.
		The gist of this argument, as it appears in Hindu nationalist writings on Vedic science, is simple - all that is dangerous and false in modern science comes from the Semitic monotheistic habit of dualistic and "reductionist" thinking, which separates the object from the subject, nature from consciousness, the known from the knower.
	gv.agora.eu.org /article.php3?id_article=849 (8654 words)

	Hindu nationalism and secularism in Indian politics - On Line Opinion - 17/6/2004
		The defeat of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led by former Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee in the recent 2004 national elections, and the return to power of the Indian secularist Congress Party led by Sonia Gandhi, does not suggest a major reversal in religious ideology.
		Hindu nationalism, represented by the BJP, failed to be an election winner despite the fact that 82 per cent of Indians are Hindus.
		While the Hindu secularists of the Congress Party never sought to discover their religious roots or to make demands on non-Hindus, radical Hindu nationalists of the VHP and RSS sought such a national religious identity and to change the practice of Hinduism itself.
	www.onlineopinion.com.au /view.asp?article=2297 (865 words)

	Indian voters deal setback to Hindu nationalism \| csmonitor.com
		In fact, in a sign that Hindu nationalism may be on the wane, voters seemed fatigued with identity politics.
		The BJP fared poorly in regions most affected by the violent controversies surrounding Hindu nationalists' struggle to unite their brethren around a sense that India is first and foremost a Hindu nation.
		Their goal was to bolster the Hindu majority and to confront enemis, both external (the British) and internal (minorities such as the Muslims).
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0517/p07s01-wosc.html (1215 words)

	Query: Is Hindu Nationalism "Semiticization"?
		When speaking with one of my informants, I asked him if this new type of Hinduism wasn't a form of "Semiticization of Hinduism." He responded that it is better to co-opt a little bit and survive than to die a glorious death.
		One of the most intriguing concepts is the idea about the "Semiticization of Hinduism." 1000 years of Islam, 300+ years of Christian missionaries, 100+ years of western style modernity/modernism, secular-democratic government, these variables have definitely placed their mark on Hinduism's outward expressions.
		Certainly I know that the majority of Hindus are not members of the BJP, but I think even some of the more moderate and Nehru style "secular" Hindus have some opinions about the whole matter and have been influenced by the nationalist rhetoric.
	www.hindunet.org /srh_home/1995_10/msg00078.html (880 words)

	Overlooked Danger: The Security and Rights Implications of Hindu Nationalism in India
		Similarly, atrocities against Hindus in Bangladesh and Pakistan-supported militancy in Kashmir are often cited as justifications for the persecution of Muslims in India.
		The erosion of the nation’s integrity in the name of secularism, economic and moral bankruptcy, incessant conversions from the Hindu fold through money-power, ever-increasing trends of secession, thought patterns and education dissonant with the native character of the people, and State-sponsored denigration of anything that goes by the name of Hindu or Hindutwa.
		Then–Vishwa Hindu Parishad Secretary B. Sharma characterized the gang rape of four nuns in the state of Madhya Pradesh in September 1998 as the “anger of patriotic Hindu youth against the anti-national forces.” The nuns were accused of trying to convert local Hindus to Christianity.
	www.law.harvard.edu /students/orgs/hrj/iss16/narula.shtml (12336 words)

	II News Wire Archive: Hindu nationalism
		Hindu nationalist party leader resigns; Grassroots activists object to 'moderate' stance
		Hindu activists vow to swamp temple town despite arrests
		India: Hindu nationalist group organizing training camps; children learn to use weapons 'to defend their faith'
	www.infidels.org /wire/category_archives/hindutva.shtml (895 words)

	rediff.com: Ashutosh Varshney: A Defining Moment for Hindu Nationalism?
		But it is clear that the BJP's moderation of recent years, forced by the exigencies of ruling India, has made the right wing of Hindu nationalism, especially the VHP and the RSS, extremely unhappy.
		It may be worth asking where the meeting points between the BJP and the right wing of Hindu nationalism at this point are.
		The author is associate professor of political science and director of the Centre for South Asian Studies at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
	www.rediff.com /news/2002/apr/02guest.htm (949 words)

	Hindu Nationalism : The First Phase - Page20
		Charles H. Heimsath provides us a good summing up in his Indian Nationalism and Hindu Social Reform.
		He notes that up to the first decade of the twentieth century, the Indian National Congress had tried to define a new India in terms borrowed from European political experience and western social ethics.
		Moderate constitutionalists like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Pherozeshah Mehta and S.N. Banerjee were replaced by men such as Lajpat Rai, Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo, "all of whom identified the nation with the religious tradition of Hinduism".
	www.hindubooks.org /HinduPhe/hindu_nationalism/page20.htm (153 words)

	Alternatives : India at the Mercy of Hindu Nationalism
		The carnage in recent months revealed not only the rise of Hindu nationalism but also the weakening of India as a nation-state.
		The Indian National Congress Party, which held power prior to the BJP, had promoted secularity for India as the founding vision of the country.
		As a member of a coalition, it could not maintain the national cohesion necessary or the country’s political stability.
	www.alternatives.ca /article231.html (736 words)

	India: Hindu Nationalism Returns To Politics
		A politically motivated revival of militant Hindu nationalism (Hindutva) would not bode well for the Christians and other religious minorities of India who, under the BJP, have suffered the worst persecution in all India's years of independence.
		Related Hindu organisations that come under the same umbrella as the BJP have stepped up their militant language.
		According to another SCMP article of 1 July, entitled "Three Ministers Quit ahead of Cabinet Reshuffle", Advani "is said to nurse a deep-rooted bias against the country's Muslims and has been formally charged by the Central Bureau of Investigation over his role in the demolition of the Babri Mosque in 1992.
	jmm.aaa.net.au /articles/398.htm (1099 words)

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