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Topic: Hindu reform movements

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Contemporary Hindu movements - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hinduism is going through a phase of regeneration and reform through the vehicle of several contemporary movements. It is notable that most of the Hindu movements, with the exception of Hare Krishna movement, reflect a Smarta ideology. These movements stress the spiritual science aspects of the Hindu traditions, creating a form that is egalitarian that does not discriminate based on jati (ethnic group), gender, or race. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_neo-_and_quasi-Hindu_movements   (622 words)

The Emerging Dalit Theology: A Historical Appraisal Bhakti movements within Hinduism between 14th and 16th centuries symbolised low castes’ aspiration for an egalitarian society and religion. Recent Dalit protest movements in India have increasingly used the term Dalit to demonstrate the rejection of derogatory names given by outsiders and further, to refer to their pain, suffering and hope for liberation. The Bhakti movement stood for transformation of Hindu society and used religious resources to push forward the basic ideology that all persons were equal before God. www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=1121   (4979 words)

Hinduism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Uttara ("later") Mimamsa school is perhaps one of the cornerstone movements of Hinduism and certainly was responsible for a new wave of philosophical and meditative enquiry, renewal of faith, and cultural reform. Hindus stress meditative insight, an intuition beyond the mind and body, a trait that is often associated with the ascetic god Shiva. A core sacred text of Hinduism and it's philosophy, the Bhagavad Gita, often referred to as the Gita, is a summation of the Vedic, Yogic, Vedantic and Tantric philosophies. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hindu_pantheon   (4979 words)

Wikipedia - Hindu Jainism and Buddhism and Sikhism, in that order, were originally unbound reform movements in Bharat, growing from but essentially a part of mainstream society which has been identified as Hindu. Hindus are divided into four castes by birth: the Brahmins (priestly, religious and intellectual class), the Kshatriyas (warrior, ruling class of kings and soldiers), the Vaishyas (merchants, traders and businessmen) and the Shudras (farmers and laborers). A Hindu is widely considered to be an adherent of the four Vedas, the prime holy books of Hinduism, and as well of the great epochal classics of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. wiki.domains-directory.com /info/Hindu   (4979 words)

Untitled Document While these social and religious reform movements were taking place in the urban, western-educated, Hindu middle-class society, the Muslim social and religious reform movements were unfolding in the countryside amongst the peasantry. The ideas of these movements may be traced back to Shah Waliullah (1703-62) of Delhi, who had called for a puritanic reform of Indian Islam, but in Bengal the movements took the form of a peasant revolt. It cannot, however, be denied that the movements sharply demarcated the boundaries between a Muslim and a non-Muslim, or, for that matter, between a Muslim belonging to the movement and a Muslim who was not. www.amrakojon.org /anis5.html   (4979 words)

Ram Mohan Roy Ram Mohan Roy (May 22, 1772-September 27, 1833) was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj, one of the first Hindu reform movements. It should be noted, however, that the Brahmo Samaj undoubtedly heralded the beginning of the Hindu renaissance, paving the way for other movements. He stated that according to the Hindu scriptures, the best means of achieving bliss was through pure spiritual contemplation on and worship of the Supreme Being, and that sacrificial rites were intended only for persons of less subtle intellect. www.termsdefined.net /ra/ram-mohan-roy.html   (621 words)

Ram Mohan Roy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rammohun Roy, also spelt as Ram Mohan Roy, or Raja Ram Mohun Roy ( Bangla : রাজা রামমোহন রায়, Raja Ram Mohon Ray), ( May 22, 1772 - September 27, 1833) was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj, one of the first Hindu reform movements. Ram Moham Roy also made people aware of the fact that polygamy, which was extremely prevalent in his day, was in fact contrary to Hindu law. In the history of social reform in India, Ram Mohan Roy's name will always be remembered in connection with the abolition of sati (the immolation of widows). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy   (621 words)

Hinduism Information on Hinduism. Believersweb.org     Hinduism was now so philosophical in theory and so corrupt and legalistic in practice that reform movements arose within it.  Two of the most known were BUDDHISM and JAINISM.  Another reform was a movement back to the worship of a supreme personal God.  Not that Hinduism became monotheistic; polytheism was never really eliminated. Instead, a TRIAD of Hindu gods was often used to represent the impersonal and absolute Brahman (neuter).  Brahma (The masculine form of the word Brahman) was regarded as the Creator, VISHNU as the Preserver, and SHIVA as the Destroyer. Their polytheistic religion, a sort of proto-Hinduism, was in some ways a form of witchcraft.  The pre-Vedic Hindus especially worshipped a MOTHER GODDESS and a horned god in the posture of a yogi.  They offered sacrifices to the various gods, but did not maintain any temples. www.believersweb.org /view.cfm?ID=627   (739 words)

Page47.rtf Many Hindu reform movements saw their task as reforming both Hinduism and Indian society.\par \par Among the Sikhs, the Nirankari movement called for a rejection of existing Sikh practices and a return to the "formless" worship of the founder, Guru Nanak. Reform movements arose in every region of South Asia under British con\-trol, and while each reflected its own local culture and religious tradition, all shared the fundamentalist attitude of the Brahmo Samaj in criticizing contem\-porary forms of religiosity and in seeking to return to some presumed state of purity located in the past. From the standpoint of the Vedas, Dayananda argued, one should oppose not only religious corruption but also what he saw as the evils of contemporary Indian society, such as caste, untouchability, and the subjugation of women. www.wku.edu /~alan.anderson/102/Reading/102Davis-52Pages/Page47.rtf   (739 words)

Alpheus--Theospohy as a Political Movement The suitability of theosophy as a belief-system for Hindus struggling to come to terms with the impact of the west on their cultural heritage appears in the extent to which it incorporates doctrines characteristic of Hindu reform movements of that time. Blavatsky, like Swami Vivekannanda and Sri Aurobindo, and, perhaps slightly more awkwardly, like Dayananda Sarasvati, eulogised the Hindu tradition whilst also calling for reform of corruptions found in its modern expressions. She, like them, evoked a true Hinduism that incorporated a monotheistic and evolutionary cosmology according to which the divine could be found at work within all things. www.alpheus.org /html/articles/esoteric_history/bevir1.html   (739 words)

Retreat And Rage - Page43 To call them reform movements, which is how they are generally described, is to miss their avowedly anti-Hindu orientation. It was this form of Islam, with the saint cult as its core, that was sought to be rejected in the nineteenth century by a number of movements such as the Ahi-i-Hadith, the Tariqah-i-Muhammadiyah, the Faraizi and the Al-Taaiyuni. But, in India, a movement was launched against such Islamic practices by the orthodox ulema on the ground that they resembled Hindu practices. www.hindubooks.org /HinduPhe/retreat_and_rage/page43.htm   (739 words)

Hinduism - Enpsychlopedia The Uttara ("later") Mimamsa school is perhaps one of the cornerstone movements of Hinduism and certainly was responsible for a new wave of philosophical and meditative enquiry, renewal of faith, and cultural reform. There are also a number of revered Hindu Tantras, Puranas and Sutras that command the respect of various Hindu sects of different persuasion, some including the Mahanirvana Tantra, Tirumantiram and Shiva Sutras. These are described in the two principal texts of Hindu Yoga: The Bhagavad Gita and the Yoga Sutras. www.psychcentral.com /psypsych/Hinduism   (5474 words)

Brainwashing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Brainwashing or thought reform is the application of coercive techniques to change the beliefs or behavior of one or more people for political purposes. Note that some religious groups, especially those of Hindu and Buddhist origin, openly state that they seek to improve the natural human mind by spiritual exercises. Benjamin Zablocki sees brainwashing as "term for a concept that stands for a form of influence manifested in a deliberately and systematically applied traumatizing and obedience-producing process of ideological resocializations" and states this same concept had historically also been called thought reform and coercive persuasion. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brainwashing   (4526 words)

FAQ On Indian Culture : The Holy Cow Many social reform movements in India ( Jainism, Buddhism, the Bhakti Movement, Gandhi's non-violent movement) advocated non-violence, and no cruelty to animals. The cow has a special role in the Hindu mythologies; Kamadhenu is a wish-fulfilling cow. Slaughter of the cows is banned in several states, as it is offensive to some Hindus. www.kamat.com /indica/culture/holy-cow.htm   (4526 words)

Hinduism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Uttara ("later") Mimamsa school is perhaps one of the cornerstone movements of Hinduism and certainly was responsible for a new wave of philosophical and meditative inquiry, renewal of faith, and cultural reform. The term ahimsa first appears in the Upanishads, and is the first of the five Yamas, or eternal vows/restraints in Raja Yoga. The Yogas provide a sort of alternate path (or faiths) that links together various Hindu beliefs, and can also be used to categorise non-Hindu beliefs that are seen as paths to mokṣha, or nirvāṇa. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hinduism   (6911 words)

Country Information, a world portal on countries, politics and governments Many follow a blend of all three beliefs and this is by far the most common form of religion for Hindus, with a mix of Shaivism, Shaktism and Vaishnavism as well as other reform movements. Most of modern discourses, essays and analysis of Hindu religion and society, and re-telling of its greatest epics, are published in the English language. This practice, once established, was exploited for political power by various communities, with distinct religions getting special privileges and recognitions as opposed to members of a sect, reform movement or of the larger mass of people. countryiworld.com /wiki-Hindu   (3420 words)

white His research interests lie in modernist forms of Asian religion (Hindu and Buddhist reform and revival movements - with a current focus on the Buddhist ecumenist Anagarika Dharmapala) and in religious responses to the environment and environmental crisis. He is the author of Hindu Iconoclasts: Rammmohun Roy, Dayananda Sarasvati, and Nineteenth Century Polemics Against Idolatry (Wilfred Laurier University Press, 2004) and numerous articles addressing the interface of visual art and religion. He has held an internship in the Department of Oriental Antiquities of the British Museum in London, has been a Faculty Research Fellow with the Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute in India, and is a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. www.carleton.ca /chum/salmond.htm   (3420 words)

India Abroad: A History of Modern India: Revivalist Movements and Early Nationalism@ HighBeam Research The social reform agenda of men such as Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and Jyotibai Phule was relatively clear-cut - oppose backward Hindu religious and social practices by creating public awareness against them. Also, try to energize the British administration (which they believed was essentially modern in outlook) to legislate against oppressive Hindu customs. static.highbeam.com /i/indiaabroad/november011996/ahistoryofmodernindiarevivalistmovementsandearlyna   (211 words)

Gandhi: Patron Saint [69] Bayly examines the relationship between wealthy patrons and leaders of reform movements such as the Hindi movement and the cow-protection movement in the late 1880s. Bayly uses for example the patronage of Madan Mohan Malaviya, a leader of the Hindu revivalist movement, the Hindu Mahasabha, by the wealthy magnate Ram Charan Das. He is a saint."[106] Birla did not claim to be a saint and did not feel he had to live up to Gandhi's ideal of trusteeship. inic.utexas.edu /asnic/pages/sagar/spring.1994/leah.renold.art.html   (6423 words)

Monthly Review February 2005 Samir Amin As a result, the communists in India have maintained (or even expanded upon) a degree of popularity that protects society from regression at the very time when almost all communist movements were entering a phase of decline. The fact remains that, as in West Bengal and Kerala, when the local parliamentary communist powers went a little further, as far as the Indian constitution allowed, the positive results recorded in social and economic terms were significant and the popular support for the reformers was reinforced. In India, Hindu nationalists, like the defenders of political Islam elsewhere (Pakistan in particular), submit to the expansion of dependent peripheral capitalism. www.monthlyreview.org /0205amin.htm   (6423 words)

Hinduism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Uttara ("later") Mimamsa school is perhaps one of the cornerstone movements of Hinduism and certainly was responsible for a new wave of philosophical and meditative enquiry, renewal of faith, and cultural reform. This empirical and eminently sensible manner of religious application is key to the Sanatana/Hindu Dharma and was especially championed by rationalists like Adi Sankara and Swami Vivekananda. Sadhus (Hindu ascetic) are often seen meditating in padmasana (lotus pose). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hinduism   (6423 words)

Aryan race - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This was an early kind of New Age philosophy, that took inspiration from Indian culture, in particular from the Hindu reform movement the Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dayananda. Some Dravidians, most commonly Tamils, claim that the worship of Shiva is a distinct Dravidian religion, to be distinguished from Brahminical "Aryan" Hinduism. Largely because of this association with Nazi and imperialist racism the word "Aryan" is now somewhat, much like the Hindu symbol of the swastika, tainted and considered taboo in European and North American culture. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aryan_race   (6423 words)

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 Gandhi actively supported the British in World War I in the hope of hastening India& freedom, but he also led agrarian and labor reform demonstrations that embarrassed the British. On Jan. 30, 1948, while holding a prayer and pacification meeting at New Delhi, he was fatally shot by a Hindu fanatic who was angered by Gandhi’s solicitude for the Muslims. After his death his methods of nonviolent civil disobedience were adopted by protagonists of civil rights in the United States and by many protest movements throughout the world. www.bartleby.com /65/ga/Gandhi-M.html   (6423 words)

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 Gandhi actively supported the British in World War I in the hope of hastening India& freedom, but he also led agrarian and labor reform demonstrations that embarrassed the British. On Jan. 30, 1948, while holding a prayer and pacification meeting at New Delhi, he was fatally shot by a Hindu fanatic who was angered by Gandhi’s solicitude for the Muslims. After his death his methods of nonviolent civil disobedience were adopted by protagonists of civil rights in the United States and by many protest movements throughout the world. www.bartleby.com /65/ga/Gandhi-M.html   (706 words)

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 Gandhi actively supported the British in World War I in the hope of hastening India& freedom, but he also led agrarian and labor reform demonstrations that embarrassed the British. On Jan. 30, 1948, while holding a prayer and pacification meeting at New Delhi, he was fatally shot by a Hindu fanatic who was angered by Gandhi’s solicitude for the Muslims. After his death his methods of nonviolent civil disobedience were adopted by protagonists of civil rights in the United States and by many protest movements throughout the world. www.bartleby.com /65/ga/Gandhi-M.html   (706 words)

Elsewhere in India: Dalits etc. Jha, V. Stages in the history of Untouchables, Indian Historical Review 2, 1975: 14- 31 [G] Jones, K. Socio-Religious Reform Movements in British India. Wiebe, P.D. and Ramu, G.N. Christian and Hindu Harijans: a study of the effects of Christian programmes in India, Eastern Anthropologist 28, 3, 1975 An assessment of India's policy of compensatory discrimination for disadvantaged groups. www.ambedkar.org /impdocs/Isc.htm   (706 words)

Reinterpreting Adivasi Movements in South Asia conference In Jharkhand, for example, the development of land, water and forest resources has determined colonial, national and international policies, whilst ideas about tribal education, uplift, welfare and social and religious reform have informed debates amongst and between Christian and Hindu missionaries, anthropologists and sociologists, governmental and non-governmental organisations, and activists. The Hul (Santal Rebellion) of 1855-56 marked a watershed in the colonial response to the political and social conditions of tribals in India. The State of Jharkhand was inaugurated in November 2000, on the anniversary of Birsa Munda's birth, and since its inception has been administered by a coalition headed by the Bharatiya Janata Party. www.sussex.ac.uk /development/1-4-5-5-7.html   (706 words)

Dalit Voice - The Voice of the Persecuted Nationalities Denied Human Rights Even this part of the movement was sought to be hijacked by Brahminical counter-revolutionaries, covering it with the false name of Hindu reform movement. Such is the role of Radical Bhagati (Sufi) movement, in giving rise to not only countrywide movements that were contemporary to Sikh revolution, but also the colourful phenomenon called Sikh revolution. This fits perfectly with the revolutionary ethos of his work because we said the golden test of a movement is the former works for the unity of a people on various fronts and the latter for disunity. www.dalitvoice.org /Templates/oct2004/editorial.htm   (706 words)

Dalit Renaissance The call to return to the Vedas was given by Dayananda Saraswathy and Rajaram Mohan Roy Their idea was to reform Hindu religion. What actually happened was the spranging up at different levels of anticaste, non-brahmin movements. The leaders of Indian Renaissance like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Dayananda Saraswathy stood against the Brahmin Supremacy in even aspect. www.saxakali.com /southasia/Dalit_Renaissance.htm   (3512 words)

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