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	Hindustani classical music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hindustani (हिन्‍दुस्‍थानी) Classical Music is an Indian classical music tradition originating in the North of the Indian subcontinent circa the 13th and 14th centuries CE.
		In contrast to Carnatic music, the other main Indian classical music tradition originating from the South, Hindustani music was not only influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions, Vedic philosophy and native Indian sounds but also by the Persian performance practices of the Afghan Mughals.
		Music and dance flourished during this period, and the Hindu musician Tansen is still well-remembered.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hindustani_classical_music (1385 words)

	Indian Music....Explained on CuisineCuisine.com
		The South Indian music is called Carnatic, in reference of the Southern State of Karnataka, and the northern branch, Hindustani, in reference of the Hindi speaking region going to North-West Frontier and to Poorab, the East.
		Carnatic music is nearly totally unified and the different schools are based on the same ragas (about 300 different ragas), same solo instruments, mainly the veena, flute, violin and same rhythm instrument, the mridangam and the ghatam.
		In the Indian musical tradition, the transmission of music from is primarily "oral" in the sense that the teaching takes place in a scenario of the Guru singing (or playing an instrument) and the sisya or student learning by listening.
	www.cuisinecuisine.com /CultureMusic.htm (1953 words)

	Music of India - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The two main traditions of classical music have been Carnatic music, found predominantly in the peninsular regions and Hindustani music, found in the northern and central parts.
		From them on, most of north India was under Islamic rule, and Hindustani music is the result of a fusion of Mughal, Arabic and Persian traditions with traditional Indian music.
		Carnatic music, on the other hand, traces much of its contemporary concert repertoire to a series of composers and musicologists in the 15th and 16th centuries including Govindacharya, Venkatamakhin, Purandaradasa, Tyagaraja and Muttusvami Dikshitar.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Music_of_India (1250 words)

	Carnatic music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Carnatic music, the sampurna ragas (the ones that have seven notes in their scales) are classified into the melakarta system, which groups them according to the kinds of notes that they have.
		Written notation of Carnatic music was revived in the late 17th century and early 18th century, which coincided with rule of Shahaji II in Tanjore.
		Thyagaraja (1759?-1847), Muthuswami Dikshitar (1776-1827) and Syama Sastri (1762-1827) are regarded as the trinity of carnatic music.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carnatic_music (4063 words)

	Classical Music - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Every musical tradition has its classics, the pieces of music in that tradition that seem near to indistructible, or at least unavoidable when talking of that musical tradition.
		Most classical music traditions mentioned in the previous section had at least part of their historical development overlapping with the popular and folk music genres of their day.
		Neo-classical music is music written after this period, that nonetheless revives some characteristics of the music of that classical period.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /classical_music.htm (760 words)

	Hindustani classical music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A number of musical instruments are associated with Hindustani classical music.
		Hindu religious vocal music, bhajan is the most popular form in northern India.
		Hindustani music organizes these pitches using a system called sargam, the equivalent of Western solfege.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hindustani_music (1385 words)

	Cultural Heritage
		Hindustani classical music was greatly patronised by the Muslim rulers of northern India, particularly by the Mughal and Awadhi (Lucknow) courts.
		Hindustani music has two major vocal traditions: dhrupad, which is an austere rendition of the chosen raga, and khyal, which has a great degree of embellishment and is lighter on the ear.
		Music videos on new 24-hour music channels became the vehicles of their success, and anybody who had even half a voice but a nice face and a good body became an overnight sensation.
	www.journeymart.com /Dexplorer/AsiaIS/India/culturalheritage/music.asp (1283 words)

	Indian Classical Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The rationale is specifically contrast (usually), as opposed to Turkish music where modes are chosen for a directed development, or Arabic music where the frequent modulations should be as unnoticed as possible, etc.
		In both Hindustani and Carnatic music, songs (or instrumental compositions in Hindustani music) are usually (although not always) preceded by an improvised unmeasured prelude (alap/alaapana) which is sometimes extensive.
		Hindustani music is the music of North India, involving both Hindu and Muslim musicians.
	www.medieval.org /music/world/india.html (463 words)

	Books on Indian Music (carnatic & hindustani) - A Bibliography
		Tala sangraha : compendium of talas in Karnatak music
		The music of India, foreword by Ravi Shankar.
		Hindustani music with ancient musical theory and to propound an accurate and
	www.geocities.com /Athens/5180/musbks2.html (1532 words)

	Indian classical music,hindustani classical music,carnatic music,semi-classical music
		Western classical music is based upon the equal tempered scale, and rests upon melody, harmony and counterpart while Swara and Tala are the two basic components of Indian classical music.
		Hindustani music is prevalent all over India except in the Southern States, where Carnatic music is practiced.
		The percussion accompaniment is the Mridang or Pakhawaj, a one-piece drum, as opposed to the two-piece drum, the tabla in khayal.
	www.itcsra.org /sra_faq_index.html (1439 words)

	Sumitra Guha - Hindustani Classical Vocalist based in Delhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The music of India is perhaps one of the oldest in the world.
		The highly developed and sensitive music was but the outcome of the ancient ecclesiastical and celestial music.
		The earliest defined music that we know is that of Rigveda, the oldest was recited by using three tonal regions.
	www.sumitraguha.com /classicalmusic.htm (1287 words)

	Jazz and the Subcontinent
		Senders has a solid background in western music performance, theory and history, having studied four years with a tutor in Cambridge and two at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, but his first reaction to Hindustani music was one of inspiration and passion.
		Another reason that Hindustani music may adapt to and blend with other influences is that Persian influences were grafted onto the rootstock of Hindustani music during the Mughal empire (1526-1857) when Islamic law was not tolerant of praising other than Allah, so the creative energy of the music had to be malleable.
		In Indian music, melodic tension and resolution is created in two primary ways: moving from dissonance to consonance with the drone, and by creating lines that move toward important melodic material central to the raga (chalan).
	www.rootsworld.com /rw/feature/redd_india.html (3498 words)

	Hindustani music -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		the music of northern India and Pakistan that developed as a distinct type from the late 12th or early 13th century, when the Islamic conquest of the northern parts of the subcontinent brought special emphasis to Arabic and Iranian musical practices, which merged with ancient Hindu traditions.
		Music from the classical age—the Western historical period of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven—is classical music.
		Originally known as hillbilly or mountain music, country music grew from the folk music that was brought to North America by Anglo-Celtic settlers in the 1700s and 1800s.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9040522?tocId=9040522 (815 words)

	Indian Melody : Hindustani Classical Music - An Introduction
		The Hindustani music's counterpart of the gamakams in Carnatic music are the meends.
		The Hindustani music that developed during the Moghul (15th and 16th Centuries, A.D.) is based on the rich Indian tradition and its interaction with Moghul influences.
		During the rule of Moghul emperor Akbar, Hindustani music reached its zenith, mainly due to Mian Tansen, who was one of the nine jewels in Akbar's court.
	www.indianmelody.com /hindintro.htm (1023 words)

	MusicalNirvana - Hindustani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Indian music is one of the oldest unbroken musical traditions in the world.
		Hindustani tradition extends all the way from Kashmir in the north, Punjab in the west to Bengal / Assam in the east, Maharashtra / north Karnataka in the south.
		Before independence (and division of the sub continent), Hindustani was equally strong in present day Pakistan and Bangladesh, though the tradition has weakened in the last half a century in those coutries.
	www.musicalnirvana.com /hindustani/hindustani.html (112 words)

	... Social Domain of Hindustani Music... part 2
		Hindustani classical music has been a part of the American musical scene for much of this century--Ravi Shankar himself first toured America in 1932 (Shankar 1968: 68); yet a comprehensive document has yet to emerge on the subject.
		As a student of music, the musicians with whom I interacted invited me to several mehfils and were always glad to share their insights.
		Music functions as a polysemic sign-vehicle for the transmission of culture.
	www.worldofstuff.com /matt/comps/comps3.htm (580 words)

	hindustani music,hindustani classical music,hindustani music online,hindustani music download,hindustani classical ...
		Hindustani music seems to have been profusely influenced by the music of Persia and Arabia.
		The main architect of the existing system of Hindustani music was Pandit V N Bhatkhande, who was responsible for the classification of the Ragas into the 10 Thats.
		Hindustani music has a number of embellishments and ornamentations or Gamaks like Meend, Kana, Murki, etc. which enhance its aesthetic appeal.
	www.india4world.com /indian-celebrities/Indian-Music (304 words)

	... Social Domain of Hindustani music... part 3
		Indian music was in my family, so to speak, even though there was only one family member who was practicing, and that was my mother.
		Hindustani music was a part of pop culture in the late 1960's and many of my non-Indian-American interviewees entered the music at that time.
		This is difficult for the student of the vocal tradition to do, given the nature of the training that Americans receive in Hindustani music, often sporadic periods of training over many years from several teachers, supplemented by recordings, concerts, and notes taken at lessons (see appendix 2).
	www.worldofstuff.com /matt/comps/comps4.htm (1294 words)

	Music
		North Indian music is recognised by the specific school it belongs to.
		Since this form of music is deeply spiritual and has a devotional bias, the compositions reflect these aspect.
		Literary content is an important component of Carnatic music Musicians generally render the compositions of the musical trinity of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Shyama Shastri.
	www.goindiago.com /culture/music.htm (329 words)

	Clissical Indian Music - Hindustani Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Music flourished under Mughal patronage but with the emperor Aurangzeb and then the British at the helm, Indian classical music shifted base, as it were.
		Pandit Bhatkhande's efforts at compiling theory and musical practice are vital and continue to provide an important base for Hindustani music.
		Hindustani music makes a clear distinction between the open form (anibaddha) marked by the absence of definite parts and rhythmic accompaniment and the closed form (nibaddha) that has a clear-cut beginning and end, and a definite rhythm.
	www.indiaheritage.com /perform/music/m-c-h.htm (370 words)

	Indian Music: Hindustani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		What binds these musical schools are not political or administrative structures; rather, gharanas are bound by some combination of intellectual and artistic styles—formulated, shared and represented by the membership.
		Curiously, the power-structure between a musical master and his subordinate students is reflected in the hierarchical-structure of musical instruments.
		The dhrupad was the key form of music at the beginning of the Hindustani tradition (c.
	www.trincoll.edu /~mrao/music/hindustani.html (548 words)

	Toronto Gharana/Music
		Musical fashions, like all other fashions, have always undergone change after change and have been molded and remolded to suit changed tastes and trends through every era.
		In this process, Hindustani music, as it is to-day stands inseparably associated with, and deeply indebted to Gwalior.
		What was more, since the opening of the Pandit music school, he was fox- a long time able to avail himself of Bhatkhand ji's valuable association and Guidance -thanks to which today raja Bhaiya is regarded as a skilled singer and a learned scholar in the art of music.
	www.pathcom.com /~ericp/gwalior.html (2198 words)

	Hindustani Music Web Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		North Indian Classical Music - An article with information on raag, taal, history and modern instrumental recital structure.
		Satragi Music - A small technical introduction to Hindustani music including a few sections on Bhatkhande.
		-- Benjamin Disraeli Hindustani "Expecting the world to treat you fairly because you are a good person is like expecting a bull not to attack you because you are a vegetarian." (Dennis Wholey) Good breeding consists in concealing how much we think of ourselves and how little we think of the other person.
	www.searchmusicnetwork.com /Styles_Classical_Indian_Hindustani.html (1850 words)

	Hindustani Music Rudra Vina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Structurally, the rudra vina of Hindustani music has a three feet long stem and two resonance gourds, placed two feet apart.
		A music range of two octaves is covered in these half steps, and all three octaves are playable on the rudra vina.
		The vichitra vina is a fretless instrument often used in Carnatic music, and only rarely in Hindustani music (where it is referred to as the batta bin).
	www.eindiaplus.com /musicanddance/Htmlfiles/rudravina.html (351 words)

	Hindustani Music Tanpura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Hindustani sangit bansuri is longer and permits two octaves.
		The bansuri in Carnatic sangit is shorter with eight holes and its musical range spans two-and-a-half octaves.
		The seven holes of the older models in Hindustani music permitted each note of the saptak to be played through a separate hole.
	www.eindiaplus.com /musicanddance/Htmlfiles/bansuri.html (459 words)

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