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Topic: Hinomaru

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	The National Flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The vertical-to-horizontal ratio of the flag is set at 2:3; the disc is placed at the exact center; and the diameter of the disc is equal to three-fifths of the vertical measurement.
		The use of a hinomaru as the symbol of the country as a whole dates from its use, by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the late 16th century and Tokugawa Ieyasu in the early 17th century, on the flags of trading ships sent abroad.
		The Hinomaru was first used on the grounds of government buildings in 1872, the year before the lunar calendar was officially replaced by the solar calendar.
	web-japan.org /factsheet/flag/flag.html (419 words)

	Flag of Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The national flag of Japan, known as Nisshōki (日章旗 "sun flag") or Hinomaru (日の丸 "sun disc") in Japanese, is a base white flag with a large red disc (representing the rising sun) in the center.
		A legend says that its origins lie in the days of the Mongol invasions of Japan in the 13th century, when the Buddhist priest Nichiren was supposed to have offered the sun disc flag to the Emperor of Japan, who was considered a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu.
		By the time of the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the sun disc design had come to be regarded as the de facto national flag, and it was officially adopted for use as the civil ensign through the Proclamation No. 57 on January 27, 1870.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flag_of_Japan (859 words)

	The Hinomaru and "Kimigayo" in Contemporary Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Today the Hinomaru and "Kimigayo" are displayed and performed during ceremonies on national holidays, during other public observances on auspicious occasions, and in ceremonies to welcome state guests from abroad.
		Acknowledging that the wide usage of the Hinomaru and "Kimigayo" has taken hold as customary law, the government, on the eve of the 21st century, deemed it appropriate to give them a clear basis in written law.
		A bill to codify the Hinomaru and "Kimigayo" as the national flag and anthem was submitted to the Diet in June 1999.
	web-japan.org /factsheet/flag/hinomaru.html (400 words)

	DUO - Digital utgivelse ved Universitetet i Oslo - The legalization of Hinomaru and Kimigayo as Japan's national flag ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The legalization of Hinomaru and Kimigayo as the national flag and anthem of Japan in 1999 was the result of a political campaign to increase so-called “patriotism” or “healthy nationalism”, initiated in the 1980s by conservative politicians such as Prime Minister Nakasone.
		Hinomaru and especially Kimigayo — due to its associations with the imperial institution and war responsibility, became symbols of the authorities’ campaign and were resisted by teachers’ unions such as Nikkyôso for that reason.
		It is necessary to ask whether the legalization and the developments regarding the use of Hinomaru and Kimigayo in the field of education indicate that the aims of the conservative forces concerning a transformation of national consciousness have been achieved.
	wo.uio.no /as/WebObjects/theses.woa/wa/these?WORKID=10610 (1976 words)

	Hinomaru Red
		The Hinomaru decals in the new Hasegawa George are similar to FS 31136, as are the various Aeromaster decal sheets.
		When an aircraft was first painted, the hinomaru was a bright red (reddish-orange); after exposure to the elements, this color faded to a darker red (a kind of red brown.) Thus, while there may be a correct color for a brand new aircraft, once that aircraft became operational, a range of colors would be possible.
		So, as far as an aircraft exposed to the elements, it seeems that a "correctly" painted aircraft might have bright red hinomarus on the underside of the wings, hinomarus faded to a pinkish or orange-red on the upper wings and some intermediate color on the fuselage.
	www.j-aircraft.com /faq/hinomaru_red.htm (1610 words)

	JCP Gives Views on Hinomaru and Kimigayo, in Reply to Questionnaire
		The song "Kimigayo" was composed in 1880 at the request of the Naval Ministry, and because from 1900 it was mandatory for it to be sung at ceremonies in primary schools, it came to be regarded in the prewar period as the national anthem.
		The Hinomaru flag has a longer history, but the 1870 Meiji Cabinet decree for it to become the Army and the Navy's flag was the first decision in relation to a national flag.
		Imposing the display of the Hinomaru flag and the singing of the Kimigayo song represents immeasurable pressure on education, which is causing a lot of unnecessary strife.
	www.jcp.or.jp /english/e-990315-flag_song.html (1101 words)

	p i x e l s c r i b b l e s :: journal: Finally some info on the Kimigayo thing
		After the end of WW2, Japan was forbidden to fly the Hinomaru flag or sing the Kimigayo, as both were used as symbols of the extreme nationalism that drove Japan to wage war in Asia and the Pacific.
		Due to opposition at the time, this was only a "guidance", not a law, though the Hinomaru and Kimigayo were not officially recognised as the national flag and anthem in Japanese law.
		In 1994, the Hinomaru and Kimigayo were officially recognised by the government as "offical national emblems" and the Teacher's Union dropped their opposition.
	pixelscribbles.com /journal/2005/07/finally-some-info-on-kimigayo-thing.html (627 words)

	Japan Focus
		There was no Hinomaru and no "Kimigayo." The daughter of a Christian pastor, born and raised in the church, Sato had undergone baptism during middle school; whenever "Kimigayo" was played at the entrance or graduation ceremonies for the elementary or middle schools of her two children, they always took their seats.
		This year it was not a "peace ribbon" which a group of townspeople made to express their opposition to the compulsory recognition of the Hinomaru and "Kimigayo," but simply Sato's own "peace ribbon." After the ceremony, many of the graduates gathered in the schoolyard from about noon and questioned the principal.
		On the day of the graduation, Sato was leading the fifth-graders' ensemble; and when they were singing the school song in unison, she accompanied the students on piano, playing "Tomorrow" which the fifth-graders sang as the graduating pupils left the stage.
	www.japanfocus.org /products/details/2167 (3770 words)

	JPRI Working Paper No. 79
		Another problem with the bill was that, although it designated the Hinomaru and Kimigayo as the national flag and anthem, it had no provisions to make their actual observance-- raising the Hinomaru and singing Kimigayo-- obligatory.
		Also, 68.1 percent supported the idea of legislation that declared the Hinomaru and Kimigayo to be the national flag and anthem of Japan (43.0 percent expressed definite support and 25.1 percent moderate support), whereas 25.7 percent were against (11.5 percent definitely opposed and 14.2 percent moderately opposed).
		In addition, given the stronger objections to Kimigayo than to the Hinomaru among the party's members as well as the general public, the party decided to submit an amendment to the government-sponsored bill designating the Hinomaru as the national flag but omitting Kimigayo.
	www.jpri.org /publications/workingpapers/wp79.html (4916 words)

	Camouflage & Markings: IJA Type 1 Fighter Nakajima Hayabusa (Oscar)
		The only factory painting was the Hinomaru on top and bottom wing surfaces (late in the production of Model II also on fuselage sides), fl anti-glare panel on top of the fuselage from the cowling front to the end of the canopy in open position and a few small information stencils.
		The Japanese national insignia Hinomaru (Hi-no-maru = "the sign of the sun") was used in both air services from the early '20s in the six standard positions: on lower and upper sides of both wings and on both sides of the fuselage.
		On the Ki-43 factory or field painted outlines to fuselage Hinomaru were fairly common but there is little evidence of their having been applied to the wings as a rule.
	www.ipmsstockholm.org /magazine/1997/02/stuff_eng_oscar.htm (3994 words)

	Untitled Document
		HINOMARU and KIMIGAYO -- I would like to appeal to all of my friends in the world who are interested in the problems of freedom, democracy, and human rights.
		HINOMARU symbolizes the Japanese Emperor system, stating that the age of the Japanese Emperor (Tennoh) may last forever.
		The students understand that they must conform and participate in activities involving the hoisting of Hinomaru and singing Kimigayo because they have seen their teachers be reprimanded for non-conformity in past instances.
	www.din.or.jp /~okidentt/hinomaru.htm (1320 words)

	Untitled Document
		Hinomaru Kimigayo is just a loyalty test; making it compulsory means that people are forced to be obedient to authority, to give up criticizing authority.
		I believe that if we cannot stop the forcing of Hinomaru Kimigayo, we will not be able to stop the revision of other laws and we will also not be able to stop the revision of the constitution.
		If every teacher who believed that forcing Hinomaru Kimigayo is unjust, didn't stand for while Kimigayo was playing, the authorities could not admonish everyone, they could not punish every teacher.
	www.din.or.jp /~okidentt/kyousokugene.html (625 words)

	wfn.org \| Japanese Christians Oppose Use of Flag and Anthem
		Member churches and organizations of NCC-J are praying and acting together for the abolition of the compulsory use of the Hinomaru and the Kimigayo in solidarity with the punished teachers.
		NCC-J, which is composed of 33 churches and organizations, and the Christian Network for Peace, and includes the Catholic Church in Japan, Reformed Church in Japan, Japan Evangelical Association, and The Church of Christ In Japan, concluded "We denounce war as Christians" in the advent of 2003.
		Upon the recognition that the Hinomaru and the Kimigayo is part of the process of miniaturization, we call for resistance to coercion and opposition to the military cooperation of Japanese government in Iraq.
	www.wfn.org /2004/06/msg00107.html (964 words)

	E-Budo.com - Freedom of Speech is dead and buried in Japan.........
		Hiroko Yonahara, a member of the Yokohama Municipal Assembly who protested raising the Hinomaru flag, speaks to the chamber Tuesday before she and a colleague were expelled for their actions.
		In 1999, the Diet enacted a bill to officially recognize the Hinomaru flag as Japan's national flag and "Kimigayo" as the national anthem.
		The question of whether to give official status to the flag and "Kimigayo," unofficially translated as "His Majesty's Reign," was a sensitive issue because of their association by some with Japan's Imperial system and past militarism.
	www.e-budo.com /forum/printthread.php?t=12524 (477 words)

	Aircraft Carrier FAQs part 2
		It is clear from the sketches that the hinomaru was applied to the forward deck of the HIRYU with a white outline and that the two "runway" demarcation lines, in white, passed through the hinomaru.
		The sole reason I put a hinomaru on her bow was because I have a recent Gakken publication that has a nice illustration of her that shows a red hinomaru with a white border, as well as a kana "ka" symbol on the port fantail.
		Regarding the forward deck hinomaru on the CV HIRYU: There are two paintings done in 1942 by a member of her crew which show the red hinomaru surrounded by a white outline and with two runway stripes through it on the forward deck in Model Art No.109 p.p.49 and 51.
	www.j-aircraft.com /faq/aircraft_carrier_pt2.htm (11451 words)

	JPRI Critique Vol. VI No. 9
		The hymn and the Hinomaru, a red sphere on a white field, have long been in informal use.
		Teachers who in the past refused to take part in revering Kimigayo and the Hinomaru in ceremonies were routinely punished with formal reprimands from their local Boards of Education.
		But when a large portion of the general public is against the legalization, ignoring their protest against the roles that Kimigayo and the Hinomaru played in the past is to create a mechanism for forcing obedience to state power with no questions allowed.
	www.jpri.org /publications/critiques/critique_VI_9.html (1831 words)

	Asia Times Online - The trusted news source for information on Japan
		You said it is "desirable not to force" teachers and students across the nation to hoist the Hinomaru flag, and sing the Kimigayo anthem in unison at school.
		Still, not a few Japanese, especially teachers' unions, consider Hinomaru and Kimigayo to be social and cultural remnants, and unhelpful ones, of the nation's wartime militarism.
		Older generations must be reminded by this issue of Hinomaru and Kimigayo of the Maintenance of Public Order Law enacted in 1925, which strictly limited freedom of speech and strived to protect Kokutai, or the National Entity of Japan, which was commonly used to refer to the Japanese polity before and during World War II.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Japan/FK06Dh04.html (2480 words)

	Asiaweek.com
		was preparing legislation to enshrine the Hinomaru and Kimigayo - the rising-sun emblem and the song celebrating the Emperor's reign - as the official national flag and anthem.
		After the Hinomaru has been flown and Kimigayo sung for around a century, the Diet is considering giving them formal legal status.
		The new move to formalize their status was sparked by the February suicide of a high-school principal, caught between a school board that insisted on their use in a graduation ceremony and teachers who argued otherwise.
	www.timeinc.net /asiaweek/99/0723/ed1.html (897 words)

	[No title]
		The Japanese national flag, "Hinomaru", is otherwise called the "Rising-Sun flag" which forms the shape of the sun.
		Japanese have been attached to the shape of "Hinomaru" since the Age of Civil Wars when warriors have adopted it as flag symbols to be hoisted on their war ships.
		Socialist Party who has been opposing the compulsive use of "Hinomaru" and national anthem on the ground that the flag "had been used as a symbol of militarism" has agreed that the ceremony has settled among the nation and decided to acknowledge it with respect to the national consensus.
	www.cedarville.edu /academics/education/resource/schools/chca/4soccsc/infor.htm (760 words)

	2ND LD: Making Hinomaru, Kimigayo compulsory undesirable, emperor says Asian Political News - Find Articles
		The emperor made the unusual remarks on the flag and anthem, which are considered controversial because of their association with Japan's militarist past, in conversation with guests at an imperial garden party.
		The emperor made the remark in response to Kunio Yonenaga, a member of the Tokyo metropolitan board of education, who said, ''It is my job to make schools in Japan display the national flag and sing the national anthem.'' Yonenaga, 61, a master shogi player, was among the invitees to the annual autumn party.
		The Hinomaru and ''Kimigayo'' (''His Majesty's Reign'') were designated Japan's national flag and anthem by law in 1999, but it was not mandated that flags be displayed or the anthem sung, or that penalties be imposed on those who refuse to do so.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0WDQ/is_2004_Nov_1/ai_n6284368 (579 words)

	Monday, June 28, 1999
		The SDP is also strongly opposed to the bill, reasoning, "Hinomaru and Kimigayo legislation runs counter to the Constitution" (Secretary General Fuchigami) During the Murayama Administration, however, the SDP indicated that it deemed Hinomaru and Kimigayo as Japan's national flag and anthem.
		Hinomaru and Kimigayo are acknowledged as Japan's national flag and anthem by most of the Japanese people.
		Hinomaru and Kimigayo have taken root deeply under the new Constitution.
	www.usc.edu /libraries/archives/dsjp/summaries/1999/June/SM990628.htm (3767 words)

	p_2004_3_e
		Then the government established Hinomaru as national flag that must be hoisted to the ship of Japan.
		This is the song that won an election to the prize recruiment by two newspaper companies and was announced on April, Shouwa 13 (1938).
		I feel especially the affection between a mother and her child through Hinomaru to No.1 and 3 of the words.
	www5f.biglobe.ne.jp /~yamamura/p_2004_03_e.htm (491 words)

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