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Topic: Hipparcos

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	Hipparcos - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The High Precision Parallax Collecting Satellite of the Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission was a project of the European Space Agency (ESA) dedicated to the measurement of stellar parallax and the proper motions of stars.
		The final Hipparcos Catalogue (120,000 stars with 1 milliarcsec level astrometry) and the final Tycho Catalogue (more than one million stars with 20-30 milliarcsec astrometry and two-colour photometry) were completed in August 1996.
		The Hipparcos and Tycho data have been used to create the Millennium Star Atlas: an all-sky atlas of one million stars to visual magnitude 11, from the Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues and 10,000 nonstellar objects included to complement the catalogue data.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hipparcos (295 words)

	ESA - Science - Home - Hipparcos overview
		Hipparcos sent a million million bits of information, radioed to ground stations in Germany, Australia, and the United States, which went into the biggest computation in the history of astronomy.
		Hipparcos confirmed Einstein's prediction of the effect of gravity on star light.
		There was a lot of excitement in the Hipparcos community of researchers, some of whom had worked with the project for 20 years, when Ariane lifted its precious payload into the sky.
	www.esa.int /export/esaSC/120366_index_0_m.html (1674 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In a special session on the history of the European Space Agency's Hipparcos mission, 14 of the scientists and engineers most closely responsible for it described their efforts over 17 years to conceive, build and fly the satellite, and translate its observations into catalogues of the stars.
		Hipparcos provides distances to many thousands of stars, from which their luminosities can be accurately deduced for the first time.
		The new inferences from Hipparcos are reported to the Venice Symposium by Franoise Crifo of the Paris-Meudon Observatory and her colleagues.
	astro.uchicago.edu /news/hipp.txt (853 words)

	Hipparcos - the first space astrometry mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The 22 January 2004 Nature paper by Pan, Shao and Kulkarni, arguing that the Hipparcos data may be "contaminated by systematic errors on small angular scales", and that their results "reaffirms the fidelity of current stellar models", is a misleading contribution to a difficult and important problem.
		The Hipparcos parallax for Atlas (HIP 17847), of 8.57+/-1.03 milliarcsec, is not mentioned by the authors, but is at roughly 1 sigma of the Pan et al result.
		Instead, Pan et al focus on the comparison of their individual star with the Hipparcos mean distance to the cluster, and proceed to argue that the star is probably close to the cluster centre and therefore representative of the mean cluster distance (which may be so, but the authors have not demonstrated it).
	www.rssd.esa.int /hipparcos/Pleiades_distance.html (631 words)

	Rednova NEWS \| Caltech Astronomers Find Problems with Satellite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Hipparcos satellite, named after the ancient Greek credited with inventing astronomy, was launched by the European Space Agency in 1989 and collected data for four years before it was shut down in 1993.
		"Hipparcos is, in fact, systematically off from other estimates we have," said William Van Altena of Yale University.
		The parallax measurements taken by Hipparcos gave a different distance in light years - the distance light travels in one year in space - than ground-based telescopes, and with other distance estimates based on the color and brightness of stars.
	www.rednova.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=39262 (573 words)

	Cnes - Hipparcos the star collector
		Hipparcos, the first-ever astrometry satellite, acquired data used to compile a new star catalogue published in 1997.
		Hipparcos was launched in 1989, carrying a telescope as its main payload, and continued operating until 1993.
		The Hipparcos mission was named after the Greek astronomer Hipparchos, who compiled the first precise sky map and the first star catalogue of any great worth.
	www.cnes.fr /html/_455_472_1732_1736_.php (321 words)

	Hipparcos
		The Hipparcos Catalogue (118 218 entries) and the Tycho Catalogue (1 058 332 entries) - the two catalogues resulting from the Hipparcos space astrometry mission - were both declared final on 8 August 1996, 3 years after the end of satellite operations.
		For the Hipparcos Catalogue, median astrometric accuracies are around 1 milliarcsec; 10% of the objects have accuracies better than about 0.5 milliarcsec; 49 399 of the 118 218 objects have distances determined to better than 20%.
		The general catalogue release was preceeded by the scientific symposium Hipparcos Venice '97, held on Isola di S. Giorgio, Venice, 13-16 May 1997, organised by the Project Scientist and P.L. Bernacca with the support of the Hipparcos Science Team.
	esapub.esrin.esa.it /sp/sp1211/hipparc2.htm (672 words)

	StarDate Online \| News \| Hipparcos Data Could Change Universe's Size
		Hipparcos used the seasonal shift of star positions as Earth orbits the Sun to fix the positions of more than one million stars.
		The Hipparcos measurements indicate that Cepheids are brighter and more distant than previously thought, which, if true, lengthens the cosmic yardstick based on Cepheids and adds about 10 percent to the size of the universe.
		Van Leeuwen used the Hipparcos results to propose a revised Pleiades distance of 360 light-years from 400 light-years, posing a challenge to the increases based on variable stars.
	stardate.org /resources/news/universe/199706.html (577 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The turnoff stars selected from the Hipparcos catalogue are analyzed for the purpose of assessing constraints on the age of the Galactic thick disk relative to the halo.
		The Hipparcos astrometric data has prompted major upward revisions both in the subdwarf/globular cluster distance scale, and in the cepheid distance scale, raising the hope of a harmonious resolution of the cosmic age problem.
		Taking the HIPPARCOS based zero-point and a value of 0.18±0.03 for the slope of the Mv,[Fe/H] relation from the literature we find firstly, the distance modulus of the LMC is 18.26±0.15 and secondly, the mean age of the Globular Clusters is 17.4±3.0 GYrs.
	simbad.u-strasbg.fr /publi/candle-abs.htx (8645 words)

	ESA - Science - Home - Hipparcos factsheet
		Journey Hipparcos failed to reach its proposed geostationary orbit after failure of one of its booster motors.
		Hipparcos confirmed Einstein's prediction of the effect of gravity on starlight.
		The mission generated two main catalogues of star data: the Hipparcos catalogue of high-precision measurements of 118218 stars and the Tycho catalogue with measurements, with less precision, of more than 1 million stars.
	www.esa.int /esaSC/SEMBBJWO4HD_index_0.html (269 words)

	Event Horizon Volume 4 5 Hipparcos Satellite
		Hipparcos fixed precise positions in the sky of 120,000 stars (Hipparcos Catalogue) and logged a million more with a little less accuracy (Tycho Catalogue).
		Hipparcos fixes the distance of Polaris at 430 light-years, and the researchers conclude that Polaris pulsates with an overtone, at a rate 40 per cent faster than expected for a Cepheid of its size and luminosity.
		Any remaining confusion on this point will be dispelled by mainstream Hipparcos research devoted to the basic astrophysics of stars of different ages of origin, and at different stages of their life cycles.
	amateurastronomy.org /Events/EH453.html (1239 words)

	From Hipparchus to Hipparcos: Measuring the Universe
		The Hipparcos mission was planned as the first automated attempt to measure stellar positions, distances, and motions from space -- where instruments are free of the atmospheric blurring that plagues ground-based astrometry.
		Excitement in the Hipparcos community of researchers, some of whom had worked with the project for 20 years, was high as Ariane lofted its precious payload into the sky.
		Hipparcos ended its mission on August 15, 1993, and successor missions are already on the European Space Agency's drawing board.
	wwwhip.obspm.fr /hipparcos/SandT/hip-SandT.html (1827 words)

	[No title]
		Hipparcos stands for HIigh Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite, and Tycho is named after an astronomer who made one of the first contemporary star maps.
		The median precision of Tycho-1 was 60 mas, and of Hipparcos was 0.77/0.64 (RA/DEC).
		The angles measured by the Hipparcos satellite are about 0.001 arcsec, which is comparable to the growth of a human hair in ten seconds as viewed from 10 meters away!
	www.sccs.swarthmore.edu /users/03/stonnes/HipparcosandTycho.doc (398 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Europe's Hipparcos finds rebels with a cause
		Using data from ESA's Hipparcos satellite, a team of European astronomers has now discovered several groups of 'rebel' stars that move in peculiar directions, mostly towards the galactic centre or away from it, running like the spokes of a wheel.
		By combining the Hipparcos data with ground-based measurements of their 'Doppler shift', obtained with a Swiss telescope at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France, Famaey and his colleagues could add the missing third dimension, namely the speed with which stars approach us or recede from us.
		Hipparcos data helped predict the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter in 1994 and showed that the Universe was bigger and younger than expected.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0410/20hipparcos (1420 words)

	Boston.com / News / Science / Caltech astronomers find satellite errors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A European satellite with a telescope designed to precisely measure the position and motion of stars may be a little off in some cases -- by as much as 10 percent, actually, a figure that could throw off estimates about the size of the universe, astronomers say.
		But the atmosphere scatters the light received by ground-based telescopes, limiting their resolution -- a disadvantage that does not affect the Hipparcos satellite orbiting in the vacuum of space.
		The parallax measurements taken by Hipparcos gave a different distance in light years -- the distance light travels in one year in space -- than ground-based telescopes, and with other distance estimates based on the color and brightness of stars.
	www.boston.com /news/science/articles/2004/01/21/caltech_astronomers_find_satellite_errors (613 words)

	The Hipparcos and Tycho catalogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The main difference is that Hipparcos used a broad-band V-like filter, whereas Tycho used two narrower filters (roughly B & V).
		Hipparcos has little value because most of its stars are brighter than measurable with the mark III systems.
		More information about Hipparcos and Tycho are in the S&T article, plus several issues of Astronomy and Astrophysics were dedicated to the mission if you want more scientific information.
	www.tass-survey.org /tass/catalogs/hipparcos.html (474 words)

	N. I. Shatsky, A. A. Tokovinin: Hipparcos versus dynamical parallaxes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Data on 141 objects with Hipparcos parallax errors not exceeding 2.5 mas are divided into 3 groups according to the orbit quality and reliability of Hipparcos double-star solutions.
		Hipparcos parallaxes in the third group do not show larger deviations from dynamical ones than for groups I and II.
		So, we may conclude that Hipparcos parallaxes of multiple stars are of good quality if they do not contain close subsystems with periods of the order of 1 year.
	www.astro.uni-bonn.de /~pbrosche/aa/acta/vol03/acta03_193.html (278 words)

	Space Today Online - Tidbits and Lost Facts about Satellites
		When ESA finished building Hipparcos in The Netherlands, the shiny new satellite was packed into a nitrogen-filled container and sent to the Aeritalia company in Turin, Italy, to wait for a ride to space.
		Hipparcos had been built to spin so its telescope could scan the entire sky.
		In the end, Hipparcos was able to get to work, cataloging the exact positions of 80 percent of the planned 120,000 stars.
	www.spacetoday.org /Satellites/SatBytes/Hipparcos.html (540 words)

	HIPPARCOS - Hipparcos Main Catalog
		A fourth scientific consortium, the INCA Consortium, was responsible for the construction of the Hipparcos observing programme, compiling the best-available data for the selected stars before launch into the Hipparcos Input Catalogue.
		The variability type: the sources of scatter in the photometric data are various, and this flag indicates the origin of the extra scatter, which may be astrophysical, or, in some cases, instrumental.
		In the case of the Hipparcos observations, the reference component is always defined to be the brighter component (in median H_P) such that the magnitude difference between the components (Diff_Hip_Mag) is always positive.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /W3Browse/all/hipparcos.html (2861 words)

	HIC - Hipparcos Input Catalog
		The Hipparcos Input Catalogue was constructed as the observing program for the European Space Agency's Hipparcos astrometry mission.
		The requirements of the project in terms of completeness, sky coverage, astrometric and photometric accuracy, as well as the necessary optimization of the scientific impact, resulted in an extended effort to compile and homogenize existing data, to clarify sources and identifications, and, where needed, to collect new data matching the required accuracy.
		`Hipparcos magnitude` is defined by the pass-band of the Hipparcos main detection chain which ranges from 340 to 850 nm.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /W3Browse/all/hic.html (1870 words)

	Success Story - 30 Discoveries from ESA's science missions in space: HIPPARCOS
		ESA's Hipparcos Catalogue told them the positions and motions of 120 000 stars, far more accurately than they ever knew before.
		Hipparcos measured the distances of many stars, which were previously a matter of guesswork.
		Hipparcos hit the headlines in 1997 when it showed that the chief measuring rod for the Universe was wrongly marked.
	www.maths.abdn.ac.uk /courses/px2508/hubble/stars/hipppos.html (366 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: About the mission
		Launched in August 1989 Hipparcos was a pioneering space experiment dedicated to the precise measurement of the positions, parallaxes and proper motions of the stars.
		The directions and motions of stars in the Hipparcos Catalogue are precise to about one milli-arcsecond, or a quarter of a millionth of a degree.
		Although Hipparcos was 200 times better, it will come to be seen as just the pioneering effort in space astrometry.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=31905 (720 words)

	The Hipparcos Main Mission and Variable Stars
		The main goal of the Hipparcos satellite was to make astrometric measurements.
		Hipparcos conducted a mean number of 110 measurements per star over 3.3 years.
		Stars which are difficult to identify have charts produced either from GSC or DSS in ESA SP-1200, Volume 13, as described in The Atlas of Identification charts by D. Megevand et al.
	obswww.unige.ch /Recherche/obsgrp_hipparcos_fr.html (289 words)

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