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	hippocampus (hippocampal)
		Glial reaction in the hippocampal formation is highly correlated with aging in human brain.
		Evidence that increased hippocampal expression of the cytokine interleukin-1 beta is a common trigger for age- and stress-induced impairments in long-term potentiation.
		Hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate and kainate binding in response to entorhinal cortex aspiration or 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the basal forebrain.
	www.arclab.org /node_pages/154.html (8530 words)

	Structure
		The hippocampus, or hippocampal formation is a structure belonging to the forebrain and innermost fold of the temporal lobe.
		CA1 cells in turn connect with the hippocampal formation in the opposite side of the brain, to the subicular complex and the fimbria, each of which then connect to the entorhinal cortex and the basal forebrain, respectively.
		The hippocampal formation receives noradrenergic input from the locus coeruleus, dopaminergic stimulation from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), acetycholinergic stimuli from the medial septum and serotonergic input from the raphe nucleus.
	www.macalester.edu /psychology/whathap/UBNRP/ltp04/structure.htm (302 words)

	Hippocampus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although there is a lack of consensus relating to terms describing the hippocampus and the adjacent cortex, the term hippocampal formation generally applies to the dentate gyrus, the Cornu Ammonis fields CA1-CA3 (and CA4, frequently called the hilus and considered part of the dentate gyrus), and the subiculum.
		The relative size of the hippocampal formation in relation with the total volume of the brain is often conserved in most of the mammalian species.
		Subcortical afferents to the hippocampal formation in the monkey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hippocampal_formation (1937 words)

	Development of the Temporal Lobe in Infants and Children: Analysis by MR-Based Volumetry -- Utsunomiya et al. 20 (4): ...
		B, Hippocampal head at the level of the posterior uncus: the dorsal boundary is outlined by the floor of the inferior horn.
		the hippocampal formations and temporal lobes increased sharply
		MR-based hippocampal volumetry in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/20/4/717 (3665 words)

	AIDS does not alter the total number of neurons in the hippocampal formation but induces cell atrophy: a stereological ...
		Given the involvement of the hippocampal formation in the processing of cognitive information and the scarcity of quantitative studies in this brain region, we have examined, using stereological methods, the hippocampal formations of AIDS patients.
		No cell death was detected in AIDS patients but the global volume of their hippocampal formations was significantly decreased due to the reduced volume of its layers, mainly the cell-containing layers.
		Furthermore, the somatic and nuclear volumes of the neurons in the hippocampal formation were significantly decreased in AIDS patients.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/2000/dec/A00C0701.html (513 words)

	Morphology of the Inner Structure of the Hippocampal Formation in Alzheimer Disease -- Adachi et al. 24 (8): 1575 -- ...
		Morphology of the Inner Structure of the Hippocampal Formation in Alzheimer Disease -- Adachi et al.
		with the pathologic characteristics of the hippocampal formation
		Hippocampal formation: anatomy and the patterns of pathology in Alzheimer’s disease.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/24/8/1575 (3238 words)

	Hippocampal formation in Williams syndrome studied, abnormalities defined : Epilepsy.com
		We used multimodal neuroimaging to characterize hippocampal structure, function, and metabolic integrity in 12 participants with WS and 12 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched healthy controls.
		Hippocampal size was preserved, but subtle alterations in shape were present," the authors reported.
		Meyer-Lindenberg and colleagues published their study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation (Functional, structural, and metabolic abnormalities of the hippocampal formation in Williams syndrome.
	www.epilepsy.com /newsfeed/pr_1125927006.html (362 words)

	context :: hippocampal neurogenesis: cell death promotes learning growth
		The hippocampal formation has long been associated with the execution of higher-order cognitive functions, and impairment of this structure following severe stress and aging has been linked to cognitive disturbances.
		In order to understand the involvement of the hippocampal formation in the mediation of normal and pathological behaviors, much attention has recently been devoted to hippocampal neurogenesis.
		The dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation has the ability to generate new neurons on a daily basis throughout life.
	www.straddle3.net /context/03/en/2003_12_17.html (527 words)

	Revisiting the Maturation of Medial Temporal Lobe Memory Functions in Primates -- Alvarado and Bachevalier 7 (5): 244 ...
		Hippocampal formation lesions produce memory impairment in the rhesus monkey.
		Dual pathways connecting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with the hippocampal formation and parahippocampal cortex in the rhesus monkey.
		The effects of visual stimulation and memory on neurons of the hippocampal formation and the neighboring parahippocampal gyrus and inferior temporal cortex of the primate.
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/7/5/244 (7387 words)

	Functional Connectivity Between the Red Nucleus and the Hippocampus Supports the Role of Hippocampal Formation in ...
		The physiology and pharmacology of hippocampal formation theta rhythms.
		The medial septum: node of the ascending brainstem hippocampal synchronizing pathways.
		Bland BH, Konopacki J, Kirk IJ, Oddie SD, and Dickson CT. Discharge patterns of hippocampal theta-related cells in the caudal diencephalon of the urethane anesthetized rat.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/92/4/2040 (5789 words)

	The primate hippocampal formation: evidence for a time-limited role in memory storage -- Zola-Morgan and Squire 250 ...
		Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the hippocampal formation and related structures in the medial temporal lobe are important for learning and memory.
		Retrograde amnesia was studied prospectively in monkeys to understand the contribution of the hippocampal formation to memory function.
		These results show that the hippocampal formation is required for memory storage for only a limited period of time after learning.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/250/4978/288 (1420 words)

	Olympus FluoView Resource Center: Confocal Gallery - Rat Brain Tissue Sections
		The dentate gyrus is one of the components of the hippocampal formation, a telencephalic structure chiefly situated in the temporal lobe that functions in learning and memory consolidation.
		At that time, new research was reported that clearly confirmed that new neurons are produced in the hippocampal formation of adult rats, as well as adult monkeys and human subjects.
		The new neurons are now known to be derived from stem cells that reside in a subgranular zone of the hippocampal formation.
	www.olympusfluoview.com /gallery/ratbrain/dentategyrus.html (663 words)

	Epileptic Activity Prevents Synapse Formation of Hippocampal Mossy Fibers via L-Type Calcium Channel Activation In ...
		Hippocampal slice from early postnatal rat was used to elucidate the influence of epileptic activity elicited by picrotoxin
		Hippocampal mossy fiber tract, axons projecting from the granule cells in the dentate gyrus mainly to the pyramidal cells
		Slomianka, L.: Neurons of origin of zinc-containing pathways and the distribution of zinc-containing boutons in the hippocampal region of the rat.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/280/1/471 (3869 words)

	leon1
		This evidence suggests that hippocampal formation changes occur early in the course of AD and precede neocortical neuronal changes.
		Among normal elderly, baseline changes in the entorhinal cortex precede and predict hippocampal volume and metabolism losses and the decline in memory performance characteristic of MCI patients seen at 3-year follow-up.
		At baseline and follow-up the hippocampal volume was inversely associated with Ab1-40 and Ptau-231.
	www.siumed.edu /cme/html/leon1.html (411 words)

	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediates estradiol-induced dendritic spine formation in hippocampal neurons -- Murphy ...
		of inhibition in cortical (11, 12) and hippocampal interneurons
		Hippocampal neurons were prepared as described (2, 16).
		Estradiol is believed to cause formation of dendritic spines by reducing inhibition in the cultured neuronal network (4).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/19/11412 (4295 words)

	Memory Function and hippocampal formation volume
		The role played by the hippocampus in HPA dysregulation in human populations is suggested by recent studies in patients with Cushing's syndrome which report significant positive correlations between hippocampal formation volume and scores on verbal memory tests and significant negative correlations between hippocampal formation volume and plasma cortisol levels (Starkman et al., 1992).
		That is, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that, after controlling for age, hippocampal atrophy is the specific anatomic correlate of delayed recall performance in normal elderly (Golomb et al., 1993, 1994) and elderly with very mild memory impairments (Convit et al., 1995).
		Moreover, it has further been shown that hippocampal atrophy and mild memory changes in non-demented elderly subjects are both sensitive and specific predictors over 4 years of future clinical decline to the status of dementia and a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease (de Leon et al., 1993; Flicker et al., 1991).
	www.macses.ucsf.edu /Research/Allostatic/notebook/memory.html (2116 words)

	p73 and Reelin in Cajal-Retzius Cells of the Developing Human Hippocampal Formation -- Abraham et al. 14 (5): 484 -- ...
		Förster E, Tielsch A, Saum B, Weiss KH, Johannsen C, Graus-Porta D (2002) Reelin, disabled 1, and beta integrins are required for the formation of the radial glia scaffold in the hippocampus.
		Kostovic I, Seress L, Mrzljak L, Judas M (1989) Early onset of synapse formation in the human hippocampus: a correlation with Nissl–Golgi architectonics in 15- and 16.5-week-old fetuses.
		Seress L, Abraham H, Tornoczky T, Kosztolanyi G (2001) Cell formation in the human hippocampal formation from mid-gestation to the late postnatal period.
	cercor.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/5/484 (6250 words)

	Projects
		To test the hypothesis that Hippocampal interneurons are able to exhibit both long-lasting increases (LTP or Long-Term Potentiation), as well as decreases (LTD or Long-Term Depression), in their response to incoming synaptic stimuli.
		Past research in the hippocampal formation has mainly examined the excitatory neurons in the hippocampal formation.
		Hippocampal interneurons, or GABAergic non-principal cells, regulate processes as diverse as population oscillations, synaptic plasticity, and epileptogenesis.
	www.cnl.salk.edu /~christie/Projects.html (1084 words)

	Hippocampal Electrophysiology
		My research interests focus on the functional significance of the hippocampal formation, as studied by neurophysiological and neuropharmacological techniques using acute in vivo and in vitro preparations and chronic preparations.
		Hippocampal theta activity is linked to sensory processing of information relevant for learning, memory, arousal, and voluntary movement.
		Bland BH (1986) The physiology and pharmacology of hippocampal formation theta rhythms.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~bhbland/research.html (520 words)

	Development of the hippocampal formation from 2 to 42 years: MRI evidence of smaller area dentata in autism -- Saitoh ...
		Development of the hippocampal formation from 2 to 42 years: MRI evidence of smaller area dentata in autism -- Saitoh et al.
		Morphological study of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampal formation, and basal ganglia in Rett syndrome patients.
		Seress L. Neuronal connections, cell formation and cell migration in the perinatal human hippocampal dentate gyrus.
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/124/7/1317 (4042 words)

	Volume of focal brain lesions and hippocampal formation in relation to memory function after closed head injury in ...
		Volume of focal brain lesions and hippocampal formation in relation to memory function after closed head injury in children -- Di Stefano et al.
		There were no significant differences in the hippocampal volume of the mild and severe CHI groups (table 4).
		Myelination of a key relay zone in the hippocampal formation occurs in the human brain during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/69/2/210 (4291 words)

	Multiple EphB receptor tyrosine kinases shape dendritic spines in the hippocampus -- Henkemeyer et al. 163 (6): 1313 -- ...
		The spine morphogenesis in cultured hippocampal neurons is failed in absence of the EphB receptors.
		(A) Immunodetection of EphB1, EphB2, and EphB3 in 21 DIV–cultured hippocampal neurons.
		and formation of abnormal headless or small-headed spines.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/163/6/1313 (6808 words)

	Human hippocampus associates information in memory -- Henke et al. 96 (10): 5884 -- Proceedings of the National Academy ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The hippocampal formation, one of the most complex and vulnerable brain structures, is recognized as a crucial brain area
		The discovery that the mediotemporal brain regions, particularly the hippocampal formations, are essential for human memory
		The anatomy and physiology of the hippocampal formation (dentate
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/10/5884 (4957 words)

	Different Functions for Different Medial Temporal Lobe Structures? -- Preston and Gabrieli 9 (5): 215 -- Learning & ...
		MTL lesions thought to be limited to the hippocampal formation.
		Differential effects of early hippocampal pathology on episodic and semantic memory.
		Hippocampal, parahippocampal and occipital-temporal contributions to associative and item recognition memory: An fMRI study.
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/9/5/215 (1474 words)

	[NeuroBio: Faculty and Labs] Scott A. Small, M.D., Associate Professor
		We have focused on the transverse axis of the hippocampal formation in our efforts to understand how the hippocampus fails in aging and Alzheimer’s disease.
		We have used this approach to generate patterns of hippocampal dysfunction in humans with Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging, as well as in mouse models with Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging.
		Small, S.A. The longitudinal axis of the hippocampal formation: Its anatomy, circuitry and role in cognitive function.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/neurobeh/Small_center.html (431 words)

	A disintegrin-metalloproteinase prevents amyloid plaque formation and hippocampal defects in an Alzheimer disease mouse ...
		A disintegrin-metalloproteinase prevents amyloid plaque formation and hippocampal defects in an Alzheimer disease mouse model -- Postina et al.
		formation of amyloid plaques in older transgenic animals.
		Gotz, J., Chen, F., Van Dorpe, J., and Nitsch, R.M. Formation of neurofibrillary tangles in P301l tau transgenic mice induced by Aß42 fibrils.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/113/10/1456 (5472 words)

	Smaller Anterior Hippocampal Formation Volume in Antipsychotic-Naive Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia -- ...
		The posterior boundary of the posterior hippocampal formation
		boundary of the anterior hippocampal formation was the slice
		Carr DB, Sesack SR: Hippocampal afferents to the rat prefrontal cortex: synaptic targets and relation to dopamine terminals.
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/160/12/2190 (4828 words)

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