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Topic: Hippolyte Pixii

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	Pixii, Hippolyte - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Pixii, Hippolyte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pixii was an instrumentmaker, trained by his father.
		Learning of Michael Faraday's electromagnetic induction and his suggestions for making a simple dynamo, Pixii constructed a device that consisted of a permanent horseshoe magnet, rotated by means of a treadle, and a coil of copper wire above each of the magnet's poles.
		Later, at the suggestion of physicist André Marie Ampère, a commutator (a simple switching device for reversing the connections to the terminals as the magnet is rotated) was fitted so that Pixii's generator could produce direct-current electricity.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Pixii,+Hippolyte (223 words)

	Hippolyte Pixii - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hippolyte Pixii (1808 - 1835) was an instrument maker from Paris, France.
		Pixii's device was a spinning magnet, operated by a hand crank, where the North and South poles passed over a coil with an iron core.
		Although Pixii at this time did not fully understand electromagnetic induction this was a substantial step on the road of what machines we have today.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hippolyte_Pixii (204 words)

	Electrical generator
		The first dynamo based on Faraday's principles was built in 1832 by Hippolyte Pixii[?], a French instrument maker.
		Pixii found that the spinning magnet produced a pulse of current in the wire each time a pole passed the coil.
		By adding a commutator, Pixii was able to convert the alternating current to direct current.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ge/Generator.html (572 words)

	Hippolyte Pixii Biography / Biography of Hippolyte Pixii History of Invention Biography
		Pixii was born in France and followed in his father's footsteps, becoming a builder of scientific instruments.
		Pixii's claim to fame came as a result of English physicist Michael Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic induction.
		The device that Pixii built was essentially a working model, but it was the first practical generator built on the principle Faraday had discovered.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-hippolyte-pixii-woi (304 words)

	Pixii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pixii's magneto-electric machine, developed in 1832, was the first practical mechanical generator of electrical current that used concepts demonstrated by Faraday.
		In 1832, after the publication of Faraday's experiments in his famous "Experimental Researches into Electricity", Hippolyte Pixii, an electrical instrument maker in Paris, constructed with the aid of William Ritchie a device in which a rotating permanent magnet induced an alternating current in the field coils of a stationary horseshoe electromagnet.
		Pixii's first device was improved upon in 1833 by Joseph Saxton of Philadelphia who used a rotating electromagnet, the inverse of Pixii's design.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/pixii.html (475 words)

	Pixii? Who & What?
		Pixii apparently did not fully understand the relationship between magnets and induction, since electromagnetic induction was a very new concept.
		Of interest, is that Pixii and others were trying to use this new type of magnetoelectric generator (that's what they were called then, due to their use of permanent magnets) for "electrotherapeutics", i.e., medical electric shock treatments which were all the novelty then, and not for electrical power generation!
		During the 1820's in France, Pixii had built the electromagnetic instruments used by Andre Ampere at the Ecole Polytechnique, and those used in the demonstrations of Claude Pouilett at the Sorbonne.
	pixii.com /hippo.htm (1036 words)

	Getting Electricity to Work for Man, 1837 - 1879
		Although the implications of Michael Faraday's work on electromagnetic generation remained to be developed, there were ceaseless efforts by many to produce an electric generator capable of providing massive amounts of power, and a motor able to use that energy.
		In 1832, after the publication of Faraday's experiments, Hippolyte Pixii, an electrical instrument maker in Paris, constructed a device in which a rotating permanent magnet induced an alternating current in the field coils of a stationary horseshoe electromagnet.
		Later that same year Pixii produced a second machine, at Ampère's suggestion, with a commutator to rectify the ac currents.
	www.luminet.net /~wenonah/history/edpart2.htm (3394 words)

	Hippolyte Pixii Biography / Biography of Hippolyte Pixii 1800 To 1899: Technology and Invention Biography
		Hippolyte Pixii Biography / Biography of Hippolyte Pixii 1800 To 1899: Technology and Invention Biography
		Although superseded by more efficient devices using electromagnets, Pixii's device was the first bona fide electrical generator constructed, and it paved the way for subsequent devices.
		This is the complete Hippolyte Pixii 1800 To 1899: Technology and Invention Biography section.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-hippolyte-pixii-scit-05123456 (150 words)

	RETURN TO INDEX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1832, after the publication of Faraday's experiments, Hippolyte Pixii (Italian) constructed a device in which a rotating permanent magnet induced an alternating current in the field coils of a stationary horseshoe electromagnet.
		The purpose of the Pixii generator was to experiment with the decomposition of water.
		Pixii later connected his machine with more turns to a lathe at 600 revolutions per minute producing 10 half cycles per second and enough power to separate hydrogen from oxygen.
	www.geocities.com /Zero_to_Eighty/004-Battery.html (8957 words)

	The Brush Dynamo
		The dynamo seemed to be a promising source of electricity but Brush felt that there was a need to increase the efficiency of existing machines.
		By adding a commutator, Pixii was able to convert the alternating current to direct current (current that flows only in one direction).
		In 1867 Cooke and Wheatstone produced a dynamo that was clearly superior to Pixii's.
	www.lafavre.us /brush/dynamo.htm (1736 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		Practical application of a motor had to wait 10 years, however, until Faraday (and earlier, independently, Joseph Henry) invented the electric generator with which to power the motor.
		A year after Faraday's laboratory approximation of the generator, Hippolyte Pixii constructed a hand-driven model.
		From then on engineers took over from the scientists, and a slow development followed; the first power stations were built 50 years later (see power, electric).
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:electity (1498 words)

	University Archives :: Exhibits :: A Favorite Abode of Science :: Leslie Differential Thermometer
		Nicolas Costant Pixii (1776-1861) was a famous Paris instrument maker who began work in the late 18th century and continued in business until the mid 19th century.
		His son Hippolyte Pixii (1808-1835) was a promising instrument maker and is credited with making the first electrical dynamo before dying prematurely.
		Fabre e Kunemann were the successors to Maison Pixii, and made instruments from the second half of the 19th century.
	archives.scu.edu /exhibits/sci_inst/10.html (181 words)

	Devices 005001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1832, Hippolyte Pixii, the instrument maker of Paris developed the first known mechanical apparatus for generating electricity.
		This Laboratory Magneto Dynamo, demonstrates Pixii's principle and demonstrates the basic principles found in present day electric generators and motors.
		This laboratory demonstrator is 4.25 inches deep, 7.75 inches tall and has a circular frame diameter of 5.75 inches.
	www.edisonian.com /p005d001.htm (153 words)

	Energy Time Line - Year 1830 to 1839 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He publishes a paper about a spark that can be produced by this effect.
		Hippolyte Pixii demonstrates a hand-driven “magento-electric machine,” a generator in which a horseshoe magnet rotates in front of two coils.
		This is believed to be the first continuously acting current generator to produce alternating current.
	www.energyquest.ca.gov /time_machine/1830ce-1840ce.html (504 words)

	Lighting A Revolution: 19th Century Preconditions
		Hippolyte Pixii built this "magneto generator" soon after Faraday's announcement.
		The term "magneto" means that the magnetic force is supplied by a permanent magnet.
		In Pixii's machine the magnet rotates under the coils of wire.
	americanhistory.si.edu /lighting/19thcent/prec19.htm (789 words)

	IEEE Virtual Museum: Making Electricity Work: Putting Theory into Practice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One of the first to invent such a machine was Frenchman Hippolyte Pixii in 1832.
		Pixii’s machine generated what would today be called an alternating current.
		Belgian Floris Nollet improved Pixii’s electromagnetic generator around 1850, and his design was capable of producing about 50 volts.
	www.ieee-virtual-museum.org /exhibit/exhibit.php?taid=&id=159249&lid=1&seq=3&view (712 words)

	Michael Faraday - The IEE
		After reading this, a young Frenchman, Hippolyte Pixii, constructed an electric generator that utilized the rotary motion between magnet and coil rather than Faraday's to and fro motion in a straight line.
		All the generators in power stations today are direct descendants of the machine developed by Pixii from Faraday's first principles.
		In 1832 he proved that the electricity induced from a magnet, voltaic electricity produced by a battery, and static electricity were all the same.
	www.iee.org /TheIEE/Research/Archives/HIstories&Biographies/Faraday.cfm?PrintVersion=true (708 words)

	fara1791 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Although neither of Faraday's devices is of practical use today they enhanced the theoretical understanding of electricity and magnetism, and these experiments are considered the basis of modern electromagnetic technology.
		After reading his work, a young Frenchman, Hippolyte Pixii, constructed an electric generator that utilized the rotary motion between magnet and coil rather than Faraday's linear 'back and forth' motion.
		Most modern power station generators are direct descendants of the machine developed by Pixii from Faraday's first principles.
	www.clas.niu.edu /persona/fara1791.htm (446 words)

	Power From The Glens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The COMMUTATOR was a rotary switch to convert the alternating current generated in the coils into direct current.
		After Faraday's discovery that magnetism could produce electricity the first useful generator was devised and made by Hippolyte Pixii, a French instrument maker, in 1832.
		Although it was only useful in the laboritory it embodied features still to be found in todays generators and motors.
	www.scottish-southern.co.uk /pftg/popups/firstsupply.htm (148 words)

	The Literary Assassin
		The first mechanical generator was shown in Paris within a year of Faraday reading his classic paper to the Royal Society in 1831, by an instrument-maker, Hippolyte Pixii, in whose hand-turned generator the coils were fixed and the horseshoe magnet rotated.
		But before another year had passed, a machine was demonstrated at a Cambridge meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in which the opposite principle, namely rotation of the coils relative to a fixed magnet, was utilized; this is now general practice.
		This was looked upon as a most serious disadvantage--partly, at least, because all workers were accustomed tow orking with the direct current provided by batteries--but towards the end of the century it was realized that for large-scale use alternating current had decisive advantages over direct.
	theliteraryassassin.blogspot.com (2325 words)

	Dynamos, National Science Museum Maynooth
		An electric machine, or more fully a magneto-electric machine, is an instrument constructed to produce an "uninterrupted series of sparks by means of a magnet" (Ganot 1890,897).
		This could be done by rotating a horseshoe magnet under a pair of coils, as constructed by the French scientist Antoine Hippolyte Pixii in 1832 (Turner 1983,182), or by rotating a pair of coils at the poles of a horse-shoe magnet, as devised by Dublin-trained Edward Clarke.
		An electric motor is a machine used to transform electric power into mechanical power.
	www.nuim.ie /museum/dynamos.html (394 words)

	Trove Reference & Education: Froment's 'mouse-mill' electric motor. View All Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As the wheel moves, the iron is attracted to first one magnet then the other causing the mouse mill effect.
		Introduction: This early switched field reluctance motor was sold to Kelvin by Hippolyte Pixii and Sons at Paris in 1849.
		It is an early electric induction motor, and an example of the first the type of practical electric motor.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_rlg4413/is_SLGG0003/ai_n15607322 (751 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Pixii, Hippolyte (1808-1835)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Pixii, Hippolyte (1808-1835)@ HighBeam Research
		Following Michael Faraday's announcement to the Royal Society (on 24 November 1831) of his discovery of electromagnetic induction and his suggestions for making a simple dynamo, Pixii (an instrument maker, who had learned the craft from his father) set out to construct a practical electricity generator.
		Shortly afterwards he made a device that consisted of a permanent horseshoe magnet, rotated by means of a treadle, and a coil of...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:99917075&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (202 words)

	Industrial Revolution: chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		With his steam locomotive Rocket, English engineer George Stephenson won a contest to design locomotives for the new Manchester–Liverpool railway.
		Hippolyte Pixii of France produced a prototype electricity generator using magnets.
		The Reform Act concerning elections to the British Parliament gave representation to the industrial cities.
	info.lu.farmingdale.edu /~betzja/soc305/chronolgy.html (470 words)

	The Age of Electrical Enlightenment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By attaching two wires through a sliding contact to a copper disc and rotating the disc between the poles of a horseshoe magnet to generate a continuous direct current, Faraday constructed the first generator.
		It was similar to Faraday's except that it used the rotary motion between magnet and coil rather than Faraday's linear (back and forth) motion.
		Faraday continued to experiment, and in 1832 he proved that the electricity induced from a magnet, voltaic electricity produced by a battery, and static electricity were all the same.
	bg.ecmweb.com /ar/electric_age_electrical_enlightenment (3690 words)

	Lighting A Revolution: Script for Preconditions for 19th Century Lamps
		Note in particular the early Pixii machine (14), with a commutator (to change alternating to direct current) designed by A. Ampere.
		The Holmes-type machine (17), with its several large permanent magnets, was inefficient but still strong enough to light arc lamps for special applications.
		Hippolyte Pixii (France), 1832 [323,353], from University of Virginia
	americanhistory.si.edu /lighting/scripts/s19a.htm (2660 words)

	Electricity and Communication: Introduction
		Faraday used this to make a disk rotate in 1831--the first motor (and generator) but not a useful one.
		Hippolyte Pixii invented the first effective generator in 1832, but it was marginal.
		The first application of a magneto generator (one with a permanent magnet) to power an arc light was a
	www.clemson.edu /caah/history/FacultyPages/PamMack/lec122/elecint.htm (929 words)

	[No title]
		It was Faraday who in 1831 discovered that electricity could be produced by moving a magnet inside a coil of wire.
		Using Faraday's principles, a young Frenchman named Hippolyte Pixii built an electric generator utilizing a magnetic rotor inside a coil.
		All generators today are direct descendants of his machine.
	www.fwee.org /news/getStory?story=619 (1082 words)

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