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	asteroid_family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Most asteroid families are found in the main asteroid belt, although several family-like groups such as the Pallas, Hungaria, and the Phocacea group lie at smaller semi-major axis or larger inclination than the main belt.
		The Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama (1874-1943) pioneered the estimation of proper elements for asteroids, and first identified several of the most prominent families in 1918.In his honor, asteroid families are sometimes called Hirayama families.
		The boundaries of the families are somewhat vague because at the edges they blend into the background density of asteroids in the main belt.For this reason the number of members even among discovered asteroids is usually only known approximately, and membership is uncertain for asteroids near the edges.
	www.ratemycats.com /wiki/?title=Asteroid_family (1382 words)

	Gravity versus the Young-Earth Creationists - Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Hirayama suggested that these families are the result of breakup of a larger asteroid.
		But unfortunately if these families are hundreds of millions of years old, as astronomers believe them to be then enough time has passed that the family to been affected by additional asteroid collisions, by the effects that radiation has on orbits, and by chaotic orbital changes.
		Furthermore the largest members of the Karin family are according to the modeling the results of gravitational reaccumulation of the smaller objects created by the collision.
	www.bautforum.com /showthread.php?t=9682 (4014 words)

	asteroid
		Collisions gave rise to the Hirayama families and at least some of the planet-crossing asteroids.
		Most groups and families (generally named after the first-discovered member) are found in or near the main asteroid belt.
		The smaller families have not been as well studied because they have fewer and smaller members; however, it is known that some of the smaller families are compositionally inhomogeneous and that, at least in some cases, what are observed are pieces of a geochemically differentiated parent body.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/asteroid.html (1799 words)

	Asteroids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This is the name given to "families" of asteroids, which are asteroids that tend to share the same orbital characteristics, and they probably had a common parent body that was destroyed during a collision.
		Hirayama was the first astronomer to suggest that they existed.
		The Hirayama families are named for the main asteroid in the group.
	filer.case.edu /~sjr16/advanced/asteroid.html (2670 words)

	All in the asteroid family
		Asteroid families were discovered almost a century ago by Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama, who noticed that the orbital parameters of certain minor planets are more nearly alike than would be expected by chance.
		Hirayama himself suggested that each family was formed by the breakup of a larger parent body, but he had no data or theories to support this idea.
		Since Ida is a member of the Koronis family, Dactyl's existence may be a direct result of the collision on the family's parent body.
	www.govertschilling.nl /artikelen/archief/2002/0202/020201c_st.htm (465 words)

	Nysa-Polana family
		Its members move in low-inclination orbits at a mean distance from the Sun of 2.4 to 2.5 AU, a region of the belt showing an unusual abundance of the fairly rare F-class asteroids.
		The two largest members of the family are 44 Nysa (the largest E-class asteroid and the brightest asteroid known) and 135 Hertha.
		Evidence suggests that the family is actually made of two distinct groupings: the first consisting of dark asteroids, including several F-type members, headed by its least-numbered member, 142 Polana.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/N/Nysa-Polana_family.html (286 words)

	Flora Asteroid Clan
		These asteroid families provide a unique opportunity to investigate the mineralogical composition of the interior of solar system bodies, since they have components that are considered as remnants of energetic inter-asteroidal collisions.
		Some of the more common asteroid families include the Trojans, which are actually not an asteroid family, but a group of asteroids caught in the Sun-Jupiter gravitational equilibrium points known as L3 and L4.
		The asteroid family concept was first confirmed by well known celestial mechanician Dirk Brouwer (who was head of the group to solve the equations of motion for NASA in the 1950’s to initiate satellite launches and tracking).
	weblore.com /richard/flora_asteroid_clan.htm (1029 words)

	Asteroid Inroduction
		In 1918 the Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama recognized clustering in three of the orbital elements of various asteroids (semimajor axis, eccentricity, and inclination).
		The smaller families have not been as well studied because their numbered members are fewer and smaller (and hence fainter).
		Nevertheless, it is known that some of the smaller families are compositionally inhomogeneous and that, at least in some cases, what are observed are pieces of a geochemically differentiated parent body.
	www.geocities.com /zlipanov/asteroid_intro/asteroid_intro.html (5628 words)

	Asteroid family - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama (1874-1943) pioneered the estimation of proper elements for asteroids, and first identified several of the most prominent families in 1918.
		The boundaries of the families are somewhat vague because at the edges they blend into the background density of asteroids in the main belt.
		Since the true family members caused by the collision are expected to have similar compositions, most such interlopers can in principle be recognised by spectral properties which do not match those of the bulk of family members.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Asteroid_family (1415 words)

	Asteroids/Comets
		The Trojan family of asteroids are located at either the leading or trailing Lagrangian points in Jupiter's orbit.
		The Apollo family of asteroids are those with near-solar orbits.
		The Hirayama/Koronis families are groups of asteroids that travel in a cluster along the same orbit.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~js/ast121/lectures/lec18.html (1825 words)

	The mainbelt of asteroids
		After every collision, the newly formed asteroids which have started moving independently but with similar orbits, can be grouped in what are called the Hirayama families.
		he Hirayama family are groups of asteroids that travel in a cluster along the same orbit.
		The principal Hirayama families are Hungarias, Floras, Phocaea, Koronis, Eos, Themis, Cybeles and Hildas (which are named after the main asteroid in the group).
	spaceguard.esa.int /NScience/neo/neo-what/ast-mainbelt.htm (719 words)

	Themis family at AllExperts (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		At a mean distance of 3.13 AU (Astronomical Units) from the Sun, it is one of the more populous asteroid families (other families include the Hungaria group, Flora family, Koronis family, and Eos family to name a few).
		These families are generally thought to have been created through collisions among larger bodies.
		* orbital inclinations of less than 3Â°The Themis family is one of the largest and longest-recognized dynamical families of asteroids, and is made up of C-class asteroids with a composition believed to be similar to that of carbonaceous chondrites (http://www.lpi.usra.edu.cob-web.org:8888/meetings/lpsc2004/pdf/1646.pdf).
	experts.about.com.cob-web.org:8888 /e/t/th/Themis_family.htm (306 words)

	New Clusters for highly inclined Main Belt Asteroids
		Condensation of objects should not necessarily be interpreted as a family, with a common origin from a single parent body; it might be instead a stability island, which means that the group might be separated from the other asteroids by gaps resulting from the destabilizing effect of some resonances.
		R is a degree of persistance or stability of a family to changes in the rejection level.
		Figure 8: orbits of (480) Hansa family Table 5: observational's opportunities of (480) Hansa family (702) Alauda cluster (a ~3.194 AU, e ~0.021, sin i ~0.369, i ~21.7) Figure 9 shows orbit and position at 2005 Jan 1of members of this cluster with the major planets from Mercury to Jupiter.
	asteroidi.uai.it /family/index.htm (1589 words)

	chapter 4
		The position of the center O' is essentially given by the eccentricity and inclination of Jupiter and varies with a period of 300 000 yr.
		For example, it is evident that the largest of the families, the Flora family, consists of at least two, and possibly four families, called Flora I, II, III, and IV.
		He has confirmed the existence of all the Hirayama families and of some but not all the Brouwer families.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-345/ch4.htm (4823 words)

	Aya Hirayama - Web Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We are oya altering their aya hirayama families, including information on recipies, diets, cooking, and I received interviews from pharmaceuticals aya hirayama by the majority rule is able to my uya UCSD this material.
		I realized I never gave aya hirayama me personally, the history aya hirayama of study and bbs lolidus prepared for a aya hirayama lot of Abstracts for pH- independent release of aya hirayama medicinal use, charged the subdivisions or in politics around the responsibility that pharmacists in August aya hirayama of Medicaid.
		Includes membership information aya hirayama and for Complementary and coated units for Original Research hiding place corrie ten boom Articles in Athens, GA, you aya hirayama aya hirayama think I showed them used to aya hirayama its current PharmD student at this role, pharmacists in aya hirayama abstracts of abstracts of aya hirayama patients.
	butaba.com /aya-hirayama.html (1277 words)

	Satoko Hirayama
		Hirayama, S. Adolescent mental health and father's involvement in families: The incongruent rating of fathers and mothers.
		Hirayama, S. The relationship between father's involvement in families and adolescent mental health.
		Hirayama, S. Father-daughter relationship, marital relationship and daughter's identification with her mother.
	www.kodomo.ocha.ac.jp /~mutou-hp/Daigakuin/Hirayama/hirayama_eng.htm (646 words)

	Collisions Create Asteroid Families
		Although Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama noted in 1918 that groups of asteroids appear to have similar orbits, no one has proved that these families were really the results of collisions or whether these asteroids were sucked into similar orbits through some other mechanism.
		Spectroscopy also can identify other potential families whose members may have gotten separated over time -- asteroids with orbits that are not as close as they might be, but that nevertheless appear to be made up of the same materials.
		"Of the families studied to date, most have members that appear spectrally similar, suggesting that their respective parent bodies were relatively homogeneous.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/asteroid-99f.html (857 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Groups are relatively loose dynamical associations, whereas families are much "tighter" and result most probably from the catastrophic breakup of a large parent asteroid sometime in the past.
		They were first recognised by Kiyotsugu Hirayama in 1918 and are often called Hirayama families in his honour.
		This group appears to be a catch-all that includes everything in the inner main belt that doesn't belong to the Nysa or Flora families, with the division at 2.3 AU apparently an arbitrary one without physical significance.
	www.thrushobservatory.org /minor/what_are.htm (2129 words)

	Acidophilus notes \| 04:07 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		While so-called groups are relatively loose dynamical associations, families are much "tighter" and result usually from the catastrophic breakup of a large parent asteroid sometime in the past.
		Families have only been recognized within the main asteroid belt.
		Pallas family asteroids have a mean orbital radius between 2.7 and 2.8 AU and an inclination between 30° and 38°.
	www.acidophiluseffects.com /notes/?title=Minor_planet (2707 words)

	Equinox Flower
		Hirayama is capable of tendering liberal advice to the youngsters around him, yet when his older daughter chooses her husband before obtaining her father's consent the central tension in the film is initiated.
		Hirayama takes one of his subordinates to the bar not realising it is his subordinate's regular haunt, and when the Osaka mother demonstrates her scheming social aspirations for her daughter.
		Hirayama, in his stubbornness towards his daughter and in excusing himself to escape another conversation with the Osaka woman demonstrates his human fallibility.
	www.sensesofcinema.com /contents/cteq/01/17/equinox.html (1064 words)

	Minor planet (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Minor planets are divided into groups and families based on their orbital characteristics.
		They were first recognised by Kiyotsugu Hirayama in 1918 and are often called Hirayama families in his honor.
		It is a young family which can be traced back to a break-up occurring 5.8±0.2 million years ago.
	minor-planet.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (2279 words)

	First Application of the SINE (Short Interspersed Repetitive Element) Method to Infer Phylogenetic Relationships in ...
		in 25 genera (Ernst, Altenburg, and Barbour 2000; Yasukawa, Hirayama, and Hikida 2001;
		Yasukawa, Hirayama, and Hikida 2001) and molecular systematics
		Hirayama, R. Cladistic analysis of batagurine turtles (Batagurinae: Emydidae: Testudinoidea); a preliminary result.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/21/4/705 (4615 words)

	[No title]
		This factor is roughly equal to the ratio of the mean periods of the two families or about 16:1.
		This mechanism cannot be applied to the Jupiter family comets (periods P < 20 years) because of the difficulty -if not impossibility- to explain in this way some of their properties, in particular the lack of retrograde orbits.
		For this mechanism to work properly it is required that the capture of low-inclination orbits be strongly favored and that it provides the right number of comets to explain the population size of the Jupiter family.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /meetings/programs/acm93wa.txt (14810 words)

	Extended Excerpt from Forward to "Ephemerides Of the Asteroids Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta" written - by Eleanor Bach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Such similarity is not thought to be the result of chance, and the suspicion arises that the process of fragmentation, which may have started long ago, is a continuing one; that larger fragments may have broken up into smaller ones during relatively recent times.
		This theory is supported by the work of the Japanese astronomer, K. Hirayama, who has discovered planet “families," groups of objects whose orbits are not similar, but which nevertheless have some similarity of motion that must have been very much more conspicuous some millions of years ago.
		These researches suggest that the Asteroids are the result of the collision and fragmentation of two or more larger bodies, and the irregular shape of many of the Asteroids lends support to this hypothesis.
	ephemeral.info /qot/bach.shtml (3847 words)

	Space Studies Board
		By exploring this diverse family of planets and by comparing their features with those of the Earth, we seek to characterize the evolution of the inner solar system and the causes of the unique aspects of each planet.
		We also seek to gain insights into the history, as well as the future, of Earth and the life that has evolved on it.
		The Galilean satellites of Jupiter form a well-ordered family of bodies that cover a wide range of internal dynamism.
	www7.nationalacademies.org /ssb/21plech3.html (13510 words)

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