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Topic: Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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	Hiroshima and Nagasaki Remembered (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hiroshima had disappeared under a thick, churning foam of flames and smoke.
		Of the 286,000 people living in Nagasaki at the time of the blast, 74,000 people were killed and another 75,000 sustained severe injuries.
		The damage was less extensive, since the blast was boxed in by the river valley and partly to the fact that the bomb was dropped about 2 miles off target.
	www.hiroshima-remembered.com (242 words)

	The Avalon Project : The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
		Hiroshima was the primary target of the first atomic bomb mission.
		Nagasaki had never been subjected to large scale bombing prior to the explosion of the atomic bomb there.
		While the damage from these few bombs were relatively small, it created considerable concern in Nagasaki and a number of people, principally school children, were evacuated to rural areas for safety, thus reducing the population in the city at the time of the atomic attack.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/abomb/mp07.htm (1168 words)

	Hiroshima and Nagasaki by Ralph Raico
		Moreover, the notion that Hiroshima was a major military or industrial center is implausible on the face of it.
		The destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a war crime worse than any that Japanese generals were executed for in Tokyo and Manila.
		Fuller, who was similarly scathing on the terror-bombing of the German cities, characterized the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki as "a type of war that would have disgraced Tamerlane." Cf.
	www.lewrockwell.com /raico/raico22.html (2785 words)

	Hiroshima and Nagasaki
		The cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were selected as targets after exhaustive study by military specialists.
		Hiroshima and Nagasaki had been virtually untouched by the U.S. and Allied bombing runs.
		Nagasaki was an industrialized city with a natural harbor in Western Kuushu, Japan.
	www.vce.com /hironaga.html (885 words)

	A Photo-Essay on the Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
		Add to this a probable figure of 20,000 deaths of military personnel and the current figure—for people are still dying as a result of the radiation received—is in the region of 140,000.
		Unlike Hiroshima, Nagasaki lies in a series of narrow valleys bordered by mountains in the east and west.
		The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the Manhattan Engineer District, June 29, 1946.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/g_l/levine/bombing.htm (1027 words)

	Richard Flynn » Travel » Nagasaki and Hiroshima (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nagasaki is renowned not only for being the site of the explosion of the second atomic bomb which ended the war in the Pacific on the morning of 9th August 1945.
		It houses the head of the statue of the Immaculate Conception which was found in the rubble of the old church, together with a new reproduction of the statue.
		The Hiroshima Peace Park was pretty cold when I was wandering around it, and I was glad of the umbrella that I’d been able to buy (in a very tasty light brown, pink, and lime green tartan pattern: it has to be seen to be believed) because the rain was continuing to fall.
	www.richardflynn.net /travel/2006/02/13/nagasaki-and-hiroshima (3219 words)

	ISR issue 13 \| "Hiroshima was no longer a city" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In Nagasaki, with an estimated population of 250,000 people at the time of the bombing, approximately 70,000 people had died of its effects by the end of 1945.
		Approximately 43,000 troops were stationed in Hiroshima at the time of the bombing, but the fact that the city had largely escaped conventional aerial bombardment as late as August 1945 speaks to the fact that the Allies considered the city to be of low importance militarily.
		Prior to dropping the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in February 1945 the Allies firebombed the German city of Dresden, dropping nearly 650,000 incendiaries.
	www.isreview.org /issues/13/Hiroshima-Nagasaki.shtml (4554 words)

	The Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombings Remembered
		The attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki had a devastating psychological impact on the already weakened Japanese.
		The decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki—the first and last use of atomic weapons in combat—remains one of the most controversial in military history.
		Whether the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki constituted a needless tragedy or a prudent military decision will never be certain.
	www.factmonster.com /spot/hiroshima1.html (779 words)

	Blast Effects
		At Hiroshima 2% of the population were killed and 25% injured in the 2 to 0.75 psi region.
		For this reason, the number of deaths at Hiroshima were high and comparable to deaths that would be expected in corresponding psi zones today in areas of similar population densities.
		Assumptions regarding scaling: Hiroshima 12.5 Kt, air burst at 1,670 ft; Nagasaki 21 Kt, airburst at 1,670 ft; 250 Kt, airburst at 6,200 ft; and 550 Kt, airburst at 7,000 ft; air burst height with 250 Kt and 550 Kt to maximizes destruction at 3.5 psi.
	www.nukefix.org /weapon.html (9526 words)

	Targeting of Civilians at Hiroshima and Nagasaki
		Some Americans have celebrated Hiroshima, as though it was a necessary end to the madness of World War II in which 50 million people lost their lives.
		Instead, Hiroshima and Nagasaki should be remembered with solemn and thoughtful reflection as atrocities that reinforced collectivist attitudes toward war and sparked the beginning of a fearful era of cold and hot war with the United States and its proxies against the USSR and its proxies.
		The worst way to guarantee a brighter future is to look at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and draw the lesson that sometimes the government needs to kill hundreds of thousands of civilians for the sake of humanity.
	www.fff.org /comment/com0408b.asp (2010 words)

	Mario's Cyberspace Station: Remember Hiroshima (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		U.S. textbooks today emphasize the use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima on Aug. 6 and the bombing of Nagasaki on Aug. 9 as the decisive action forcing the Japanese to surrender by Aug. 14.
		But Hasegawa said the bombing of Hiroshima didn't deliver a knockout punch, and the bombing of Nagasaki got surprisingly little notice at the highest levels of the Japanese government, which already was trying to find a way to end the war.
		Bolton wrote that under the ICC rules, U.S. leaders could have been found guilty of a war crime for dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and for all the aerial bombardments of German and Japanese civilian areas.
	mprofaca.cro.net /hiroshima.html (2904 words)

	Hiroshima Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Inspired by the photographic work "Hiroshima" by Japanese artist Hiromi Tsuchida, The Hiroshima Archive was originally set up to join the on-line effort made by many people all over the world to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the atomic bombing.
		The archive is intended to serve as a research and educational guide to those who want to gain and expand their knowledge of the atomic bombing.
		Hiroshima Directory offers Internet resources as well as a selected bibliography of printed books, articles, and other research materials regarding the bombing of Hiroshima.
	www.lclark.edu /~history/HIROSHIMA (259 words)

	Damn Interesting » Eyewitnesses to Hiroshima and Nagasaki
		Ninety percent of Hiroshima's buildings has been pulverized or damaged by the pressure wave– which had swept virtually unhindered across the flat landscape of the area– and tens of thousands of people were dead or dying.
		After Hiroshima, Japan was so shocked that it was ready to surrender, but their military literally didn't have the protocols nor the vocabulary for surrender, and they hesitated.
		The nuclear attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was grim, but do not blow it out of proportion; it not a great atrocity, though it may have been a lesser, though swift, atrocity weighed in favor over a land invasion which would have prolonged the war for at least another year.
	www.damninteresting.com /?p=522 (12785 words)

	Hiroshima-Nagasaki background
		In the months before the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Truman and his senior staff did not believe that it was necessary to drop the bomb to end the war with Japan.
		Hiroshima made clear that scientists and engineers must take responsibility to ensure that instead research leads to well-being not death.
		After Hiroshima, responsibility means understanding that the comforting, conciliatory, and coopting idea that science and technology will inevitably lead to progress is a lie that cuts the sinews of our resistance to injustice.
	www.math.yorku.ca /sfp/sfp.ex.html (2246 words)

	Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Nuclear Weapons - Links
		Each of these links is related in some way to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or the history of nuclear weapons.
		Hiroshima Panorama Project - For $25, the Hiroshima Panorama Project will send you 3 striking panoramic photos of the destroyed city of Hiroshima.
		Nagasaki Nightmare - A collection of drawings by atomic bomb survivors and photographs of the bomb aftermath, to commemorate the 50th anniversary.
	www.dannen.com /moreinfo.html (1121 words)

	Directory: Arts
		Providing many thought provoking images and an easy layout to move through for the browser who is interested in the images of the Hiroshima atomic bomb as seen through the eyes of the survivors.
		To see the photographs of Yosuke Yamahata, taken starting August 10th, 1945 in Nagasaki, click on the largest picture that says the Photos of Yosuke Yamahata, though this is not always legible because it takes a long time to down load.
		To commemorate the 50th anniversary of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Laemmle Monica Theatres in Santa Monica and Los Angeles Physicians for Social Responsibility presented a film series, from April to September 1995.The 19 movies relevant to the bomb were shown.
	www.lclark.edu /~history/HIROSHIMA/dirc-arts.html (1260 words)

	Hiroshima and Nagasaki
		In Hiroshima, of a resident civilian population of 250 000 it was estimated that 45 000 died on the first day and a further 19 000 during the subsequent four months.
		The major source of exposure in both cities was from the penetrating gamma radiations, and to a lesser extent from the neutrons (mostly at Hiroshima), emitted during and shortly after fission.
		On this basis of comparison, the Hiroshima bomb was of about 15 kilotonnes - that is, of 15 thousand tonnes of TNT equivalent - and that at Nagasaki was of 25 kilotonnes.
	www.uic.com.au /nip29.htm (1982 words)

	Remembering Hiroshima & Nagasaki, by David Krieger, August 1, 2003
		The bombing of Hiroshima was an act of massive destruction of a civilian population, the destruction of an entire city with a single bomb.
		In his first speech to the US public about the bombing of Hiroshima, which he delivered on August 9, 1945, the day the atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Harry Truman reported: “The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base.
		Speeches by the Mayors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, August 6 and 9, 2002
	www.wagingpeace.org /articles/2003/08/01_krieger_remembering.htm (5022 words)

	Austin Bay Blog » UPDATE: Hiroshima and Nagasaki
		Nagasaki sits in a U-shaped valley and the A-bomb exploded near the center of the valley.
		It should be noted that the Nagasaki bomb was planned for the center of the residential sector, but was actually dropped on the industrial center.
		Hiroshima and Nagasaki, while horrible, were not the most damaging or deadly air raids on Japan.
	austinbay.net /blog/?p=458 (6022 words)

	Victor Davis Hanson on Hiroshima on National Review Online
		Hiroshima, then, was not the worst single-day loss of life in military history.
		His opposition to Hiroshima was more likely on grounds that his own fleet of bombers could have achieved the same result in a few more weeks anyway.
		Hiroshima was the most awful option imaginable, but the other scenarios would have probably turned out even worse.
	www.nationalreview.com /hanson/hanson200508050714.asp (1088 words)

	Hiroshima & Nagasaki - MAPW Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		With Hiroshima and Nagasaki, history dispels that myth, and in any event President Bush has repeatedly threatened to use them again, even against non-nuclear weapons states." said MAPW President, Dr Wareham.
		On August 9, just three days after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, I was dispatched there to help the victims for the next four weeks.
		After the horrifying consequences of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the aftermath of radiation effects on humans and the environment, we should have abolished nuclear weapons after Nagasaki."
	www.mapw.org.au /august1945/hiroshima-nagasaki-index.html (415 words)

	A-Bomb WWW Museum ~ June,1995
		HIROSHIMA, JAPAN - July 6, 2000 - Every year, in Hiroshima, Japan, people float lanterns with prayers, thoughts, and messages of peace down the rivers in commemoration of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
		Though the amount of energy generated by the bomb dropped to Nagasaki was significantly larger than that of the Little Boy, the damage given to the city was slighter than that given to Hiroshima due to the geographic structure of the city.
		We don't want you to just feel sorry for the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the war inflicted untold pain and suffering on many people in Asia and the Pacific.
	www.csi.ad.jp /ABOMB (1111 words)

	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs were the second and third to be detonated and as of 2006 the only ones ever employed as weapons.
		Urakami Tenshudo (Catholic Church in Nagasaki) in January, 1946, destroyed by the atomic bomb, the dome of the church having toppled off.
		As the Allied terms seemed to leave intact the principle of the preservation of the Throne, Hirohito recorded on August 14 his capitulation announcement which was broadcast to the Japanese nation next day despite a short rebellion by fanatic militarists opposed to the surrender.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki (9089 words)

	Hiroshima and Nagasaki
		This is the complete text President Truman's speech announcing the atomic attack on Hiroshima and revealing for the first time the existence of the Manhattan Project.
		This is his account of flying on one of the observation planes in the atomic attack on Nagasaki.
		Scenes of the devastated city including the unforgettable shadows of pedestrians who were on a bridge at the time of the blast.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /host/atomic/hiroshim/index.html (330 words)

	PC(USA) - Presbyterian Peacemaking Program - Hiroshima, Nagasaki and New Nuclear Weapons
		On August 6 and 9, 2005, the world marks the 60th anniversary of the dropping of the atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
		Remembering the victims of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is a way to make clear that such weapons cannot serve any reasonable purpose in society.
		Further information and resources about nuclear disarmament as well as worship resources for Hiroshima Day are available.
	www.pcusa.org /peacemaking/hiroshima60.htm (346 words)

	Green Left - Issues: Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Worst terror attacks in history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In Hiroshima, an estimated 80,000 people were killed in a split second.
		Three days after Hiroshima's destruction, the US drooped an A-bomb on Nagasaki, resulting in the deaths of at least 70,000 people before the year was out.
		Nuclear scientist Leo Szilard recounted to his biographers how Truman's secretary of state, James Byrnes, told him before the Hiroshima attack that “Russia might be more manageable if impressed by American military might and that a demonstration of the bomb may impress Russia”.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2005/636/636p3.htm (749 words)

	ATOMIC BOMB: DECISION (Hiroshima-Nagasaki)
		On August 6 and 9, 1945, the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by the first atomic bombs used in warfare.
		Truman radio speech, August 9, 1945 (excerpt) - In his radio speech to the nation on August 9, President Truman called Hiroshima "a military base." This is a 50k (.AU format) audio file.
		For other websites about the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the history of nuclear weapons, see these links.
	www.dannen.com /decision/index.html (946 words)

	Hiroshima and Nagasaki
		President Truman gave the order to drop an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in August 1945.
		“That was not any decision you had to worry about.” A second bomb destroyed the city of Nagasaki.
		The climate of trust and respect between the two nations allowed Japan to develop into one of the world’s richest nations.
	www.mrdowling.com /706-hiroshima.html (468 words)

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