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Topic: Hisabetsu buraku

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	Burakumin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The burakumin are one of the main minority groups in Japan, along with the Ainu of Hokkaido and residents of Korean and Chinese descent.
		Today, however, the term is primarily used as a shorthand for the hisabetsu buraku people; the use of the word in any medium is often frowned on or even prohibited, owing to pressure from rights groups.
		While nearly all Japanese Buddhist sects have discriminated against the burakumin, the case of the Jodo Shinshu Honganji Sect is a particularly bitter and ironic one.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hisabetsu_buraku (2201 words)

	Nakagami Kenji and the Buraku issue in postwar Japan
		Instead, the term 'hisabetsu buraku was adopted as a temporary name, in accordance with an emancipating and modernizing process, in order to supersede the disparaging names derived from the old system and to avoid the discriminatory nuances of such names.
		Thus, although the term 'hisabetsu buraku' conveys the background history of an emancipatory process by which buraku people can have their identity, it nonetheless is never free from the fact that their position and identity are determined by the binary relationship between majority and minority.
		Unlike the conventional narrative of buraku history which always depicts the buraku as having been surrounded by an everyday discrimination that has gone unchanged since the premodern period, experiences such as those of Nakagami's should be conceived as one of the typical trajectories that the buraku have had since the postwar period.
	www.inter-asia.org /journal/issues/vol4/no2/04.htm (517 words)

	Demographics of Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Men or women of mixed ancestry, those with family histories of certain diseases, and atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and their descendants, foreigners, and members of minority groups faced discrimination in a variety of forms.
		During the Tokugawa period, such people were required to live in special buraku and, like the rest of the population, were bound by sumptuary laws based on the inheritance of social class.
		Ainu, Ryukyuans and hisabetsu buraku constitute native Japanese minority groups.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Demographics_of_Japan (2925 words)

	Burakumin -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Burakumin (部落民, buraku community + min people), or hisabetsu buraku (被差別部落 "discriminated communities") is a social (Click link for more info and facts about minority group) minority group.
		The term 部落 buraku literally refers to a small, generally rural (The smallest administrative district of several European countries) commune.
		Today, however, this term is usually shorthand for the hisabetsu buraku people and the use of the word in any medium is frowned on or even prohibited, owing to pressure from rights groups.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bu/burakumin.htm (1019 words)

	Buraku Liberation News, Sep 1998 issue (N0.104)_02
		Buraku, the abbreviation of hisabetsu buraku, is a Chinese character compound, which seems to have been used in ancient China.
		The reason that Buraku Liberation groups today consciously avoid using the word is in part because it stems from the name of a group which supported the war effort, and in part because it was drawn from passages which concern the tyrannical prewar emperor system.
		Buraku residents were assumed to have been engaged in leather working and the exclusive role of handling the carcasses of dead cattle and horses.
	blhrri.org /blhrri_e/news/new104/new10402.htm (1507 words)

	Burakumin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Burakumin (部落民, '\'buraku community + min people), Eta (literally, "full of filth") or hisabetsu buraku (被差別部落) is a social minority group.
		The eta were generally relegated to tasks surrounding death and the dead, such as the handling of dead bodies, butchering, tanning, leather working, etc. Due to their involvement with such occupations, taboo under both Buddhism and Shinto, the eta were considered to be ritually "unclean".
		This refers to the fact that areas they lived in were often separated by a river and a bridge to cross this was rarely constructed.
	www.factsite.co.uk /en/wikipedia/b/bu/burakumin.html (718 words)

	Encyclopedia: Burakumin
		Burakumin (é¨è½æ°‘, buraku community + min people), or hisabetsu buraku (è¢«å·®å¥é¨è½ "discriminated communities") is a social minority group.
		Less commonly they are called MikaihÅ buraku (æªè§£æ”¾é¨è½ "unliberated communities", used mainly by communists) or "unfreed buraku." They are one of the main minority groups in Japan, along with the Ainu of Hokkaido and residents of Korean and Chinese descent.
		Among burakumin's rights groups, The Buraku Liberation League (The BLL; Buraku Kaihou Doumei) is one of the most militant.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Burakumin (2696 words)

	Talk:Burakumin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Buraku is a Japanese word referring to village or hamlet.
		At present the word “Buraku” is usually referred to as communities where discriminated-against Buraku people reside.
		On the other hand, the term “Tokushu Buraku” has been figuratively used from time to time in distinguishing a different society from a so-called ordinary society as well as in describing Buraku areas, resulting in fostering discrimination against Buraku people.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Burakumin (983 words)

	Burakumin: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Burakumin
		Burakumin (部落民, buraku community + min people), Eta (literally, "full of filth") or hisabetsu buraku (被差別部落) is a Japanese minority group[?] as well as Ainu, residing in Hokkaido, Japan's most northern island.
		Less commonly they are called Mikaihou buraku (未開放部落, literally meaning unfreed buraku).
		It is important to note there is no concrete term to refer to the people due to the nature of Japanese language where absence of referring words implies non-existence of matters.
	www.encyclopedian.com /bu/Burakumin.html (518 words)

	Buraku Mondai in Japan: Historical and Modern Perspectives and Directions for the Future
		Buraku mondai is a multi-faceted term that includes (1) issues of prejudice and discrimination in such areas as employment and marriage, based on buraku status, (2) inferior socioeconomic conditions of burakumin, and (3) the liberation movement’s efforts and government measures aimed at rectifying these problems.
		The solution to [b]uraku discrimination should be actively sought, including a legislative measure.”[94] Human rights education and enlightenment must be undertaken, “where dōwa education will be placed as an important pillar.” A system of redress for those whose human rights have been violated and studies to inform future projects was also considered requisite.
		Therefore, buraku mondai cannot be analyzed simply in terms of the Marxist theory of economic determination, that is, of a class struggle between the capitalist and the workers.
	www.law.harvard.edu /students/orgs/hrj/iss12/reber.shtml (14141 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Japan - Hisabetsu Buraku (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The largest is known as the hisabetsu buraku, "discriminated communities," descendants of premodern outcast hereditary occupational groups, such as butchers, leatherworkers, and certain entertainers.
		The Meiji government abolished must derogatory names applied to these discriminated communities in 1871, but the new laws had little effect on the social discrimination faced by the former outcasts and their descendants.
		In the late 1970s, the Sayama incident, which involved a murder conviction of a member of the discriminated communities based on circumstantial evidence, focused public attention on the problems of the group.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/japan/56.php (656 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sumptuary law
		These however, as may be supposed, rarely accomplished their object, and in the latter times of the republic they were virtually repealed.
		During the Tokugawa period in Japan, burakumin were required to live in special buraku and, like the rest of the population, were bound by sumptuary laws based on the inheritance of social class.
		During the Middle Ages in England, Sumptuary Law dictated what color and type of clothing as well as the types and breeds of dogs that individuals were allowed to own.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sumptuary-law (1933 words)

	Burakumin - InformationBlast
		Less commonly they are called Mikaihou buraku (未解放部落) or "unfreed buraku." They are one of the main minority groups in Japan, along with the Ainu of Hokkaido and Korean and Chinese residents.
		Today, however, the term is usually shorthand for the hisabetsu buraku people.
		It is important to note there is no concrete term to refer to these people due to the nature of the Japanese language, where the absence of referring words implies non-existence of matters.
	www.informationblast.com /Burakumin.html (645 words)

	Buraku Mondai in Japan: Historical and Modern Perspectives and Directions for the Future
		Also, according to Okuyama, executive director of the Institute of Buraku Problem, the split was accelerated when president of the BLL Matsumoto Jiichiro ran for Congress in the national precinct and won a place in the Senate.
		The solution to [b]uraku discrimination should be actively sought, including a legislative measure.”[94] Human rights education and enlightenment must be undertaken, “where dowa education will be placed as an important pillar.” A system of redress for those whose human rights have been violated and studies to inform future projects was also considered requisite.
		The Zenkairen (previously the Buraku Kaiho Domei Seijoka Zenkoku Renkaku Kaigi) was organized by the Communist Party after the passing of the Special Measures Law in 1969, as a rival organization to the BLL.
	www.law.harvard.edu /students/orgs/hrj/iss12/reber_old.shtml (14370 words)

	Ann McKnight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Just as in many accounts, the Jodo shinshu sect is the sect most closely allied to the hisabetsu buraku, the defendants of the High Treason incident are also tied to the hisabetsu buraku through both their politics and the topos in which they live.
		Furthermore, complicated problems of translation emerge in attempting to explain either of the terms of the hisabetsu buraku or the hisabetsu burakumin; the former is the topos, while the latter is the resident of such a topos.
		The buraku is a signifier marking and delineating a community; burakumin is a term designating a member of that community, which has in recent years been superseded by the progressive or liberal term hisabetsu burakumin, meaning one who has been discriminated against on the basis of belonging to that community.
	www.senshu-u.ac.jp /~thb0559/anne.htm (7325 words)

	Demographics of Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		People identified as different might be considered "polluted"--the category applied historically to the outcasts of Japan, particularly the hisabetsu buraku, "discriminated communities," often called burakumin, a term some find offensive--and thus not suitable as marriage partners or employees.
		The largest is known as the hisabetsu buraku, "discriminated communities".
		These descendants of premodern outcast hereditary occupational groups, such as butchers, leatherworkers, and certain entertainers, may be considered a Japanese analog of India's Dalits.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/D/Demographics-of-Japan.htm (2967 words)

	SUMMIT-3 SEOUL AFTER THE OFFICIAL CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN BOTH KOREAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		This year, the summer gathering of the Catholic Committee for the solution of the Buraku problem, was held in the Catholic Center of Nagasaki, under the presidency of Archbishop Francis Xavier Shimamoto, with the attendance of about 50 members.
		Shigeyuki ANAN centered his talk on The History of the Buraku in Nagasaki and the actual situation of the liberation movement.
		In the afternoon there was an optional tour of places connected with the history of the Buraku in Nagasaki.
	www1.kiwi-us.com /~selasj/jsc/english/bulletin/no98/iss982.htm (1475 words)

	jobs in education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		During the Tokugawa period, such people were required to live in special buraku and, like the rest of the population, were bound by sumptuary laws based on the inheritance of social class.) 8.18% (2000 est.
		The largest is known as the hisabetsu buraku, "discriminated communities," descendants of premodern outcast hereditary occupational groups, such as butchers, leatherworkers, and certain entertainers; they may be considered a Japanese analog of India's Dalits.
		The largest is known as the hisabetsu buraku, "discriminated communities," descendants of premodern outcast hereditary occupational groups, such as butchers, leatherworkers, and certain entertainers; they may be considered a Japanese analog of India's Dalits.1% (2004 est.
	www.best-mvi-search.com /jobs-in-education.aspx (5971 words)

	The Monkey as Mirror (Ohnuki-Tierney) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		But she errs in claiming that the "official-legal designation" for these people is now hisabetsu burakumin ("the people of settlements who are subjected to discrimination"), and that the people themselves prefer the term burakumin.
		Buraku liberation organizations routinely use these expressions, but rarely the word burakumin (even now, in their English publications).
		Ohnuki-Tierney's scholarship is reflected in her frequent citation notes, and in her true-believer's effort to find connected symbolic meanings in everything under the anthropologized Japanese sun.
	members.jcom.home.ne.jp /yosha/minorities/monkeyasmirror.html (812 words)

	Burakumin . Kansai . 1871 . Evan Hunter . Akira Kurosawa
		+ min people, Eta 穢多, literally, "full of filth" or hisabetsu buraku 被差別部落 is a social minority group.
		Less commonly they are called Mikaihō buraku 未解放部落 or "unfreed buraku." They are one of the main minority groups in Japan, along with the Ainu of Hokkaido and residents of Koreans Korean and Ethnic Chinese Chinese descent.
		Japan naa なぁ or なー, Osaka dialect One of the ten non-English words that were voted hardest to translation translate in June 2004 by a United Kingdom British translation company.
	www.uk.kunsimuna.net /Burakumin_UK_195911_bj (572 words)

	Burakumin Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		They are some times, although less commonly, called mikaihō buraku (未解放部落 "unliberated communities", or "unfreed buraku").
		According to a 1993 investigation report by the Japanese Government, there are 4,442 douwa area (同和地区, recognized buraku communities), 298,385 buraku households, and 892,751 burakumin living in Japan.
		In the 1960s, the Sayama incident, which involved a murder conviction of a member of the discriminated communities based on circumstantial evidence, focused public attention on the problems of the group.
	ceramicartist.com /encyclopedia/Burakumin (2248 words)

	:: ordodracul.com :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Burakumin (literally, "full of filth") or hisabetsu buraku is a social minority group.
		Less commonly they are called Mikaihou buraku or "unfreed buraku." They are one of the main minority groups in Japan, along with the Ainu of Hokkaido and residents of Korean and Chinese descent.
		The term buraku literally refers to a small, generally rural commune.
	www.ordodracul.com /players/word_etymology.php (3702 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Japan News and Japanese Business and Economy
		On the face of it, no one could oppose this just cause, especially when Japan is still striving to eliminate all discrimination against hisabetsu buraku, or communities suffering discrimination.
		Discrimination today may be based on one's location of residence and neighborhood, occupation, dialect or mannerisms or membership in a particular group.
		Further, this type of human-rights protection law clearly is needed in Tokyo, particularly since the immigration authorities sent a Kurdish man and his eldest son back to Turkey two months ago; the deportation was ordered despite the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) formally designating them as "mandate refugees".
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Japan/GC17Dh01.html (2420 words)

	Burakumin
		Burakumin (部落民, buraku community + min people), or hisabetsu buraku (被差別部落 "discriminated communities") is a social
		Less commonly they are called Mikaihō buraku (未解放部落 "unliberated communities", used mainly by communists) or "unfreed buraku." They are one of the main minority groups in Japan, along with the Ainu of
		The term 部落 buraku literally refers to a small, generally rural
	en.efactory.pl /Burakumin (1075 words)

	"Japanese" and "Non-Japanese": (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		These settlements are known today as hisabetsu buraku or "discriminated hamlets." Burakumin are Japanese people, ethnically identical to other Japanese but subject to intense discrimination as the present-day descendants of outcast groups with their origins somewhere in the middle ages.
		Today there are thought to be up to 6,000 Buraku districts and over 3 million Burakumin in Japan.
		During the Edo period some of the Buraku were located on the outskirts of castle towns, others by the side of major highways or rivers (reflecting the traditional outcast role in road and river transportation).
	www.tabunka.org /newsletter/jap_and_non.html (4927 words)

	New Writing on the Buraku Issue -- Davis 5 (2): 249 -- Social Science Japan Journal
		New Writing on the Buraku Issue -- Davis 5 (2): 249 -- Social Science Japan Journal
		Assistant professor at Michigan State University who has recently completed a doctorate on a Buraku community in Osaka
		Hisabetsu Buraku no Seishun (Growing Up in a Discriminated Buraku),
	ssjj.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/5/2/249 (88 words)

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