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Topic: Hisham II

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	Umayyad Caliphate@Everything2.com
		of Umayya) Abd al-Malik 685-705 al-Walid I 705-715 Sulayman 715-717 (br.) Umar II 717-720 (gr.
		of al-Walid I) Ibrahim 744 (br.; deposed) Marwan II 744-750 (gr.
		Relationship to previous ruler is son except where otherwise marked, but after the deposition of Hisham II the succession in the Caliphate of Cordoba is too fractious to be worth marking.
	www.everything2.net /index.pl?node_id=862941 (848 words)

	Hisham II - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Hisham II succeed his father Al-Hakam II as Caliph of Cordoba in 976 at the age of 10, with his mother Subh and the first minister Jafar al-Mushafi acting as regents.
		Hisham II himself was kept from government and exercised no political influence, and in 997 he was even forced to officially hand over sole control of the government to Almansor, under whom the Caliphate reached its greatest extent and attained its greatest success over the Christian states.
		Hisham II was now under the influence of al-Wahdid, who was nevertheless unable to gain control of the Berber troops - these still supported Sulaiman, and the civil war continued.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/h/i/s/Hisham_II_067a.html (319 words)

	2. Muslim Spain. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Hisham II al Muayyad, whose reign marked the decline of the Umayyad dynasty.
		The latter obliged Hisham and proclaimed him his heir, whereupon a revolt took place in Córdoba under the leadership of Muhammad, a member of the royal family.
		Hisham was compelled to abdicate in favor of Muhammad II al-Mahdi (1009–10), and Sanchol was executed.
	www.bartleby.com /67/419.html (854 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan or Marwan II (688-750) (Arabic: ÙØ±ÙØ§Ù Ø¨Ù ÙØÙØ¯ Ø¨Ù ÙØ±ÙØ§Ù Ø¨Ù Ø§ÙØÙÙ) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 744 until 750 when he was killed.
		In A.H. 114 (732-733) Caliph Hisham appointed Marwan governor of Armenia and Azerbaijan.
		In A.H. 126 on hearing news of the plotting to overthrow al-Walid II Marwan wrote to his relatives from Armenia strongly discouraging such an act.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Marwan_II (571 words)

	Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
		Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (691–743) (Arabic: ÙØ´Ø§Ù Ø¨Ù Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§ÙÙÙÙ) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 723 until his death in 743.
		On the military front, Hisham sent armies to end the Hindu rebellion in Sindh, and was successful when the Hindu ruler Jai Singh was killed.
		Hisham also faced a revolt by the armies of Zayd bin Ali, grandson of Husayn bin Ali, but it was easily put down.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DHisham (386 words)

	Islamic history
		Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr II, accession of Nuh.
		In the Muzaffarids empire, On the disintegration of the II Khan rule Mubarazud Din Muhammad established the rule of the Muzaffarid dynasty.
		In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Ghiasuddin Tughluq II, accession: of Abu Bakr Tughluq Shah.
	members.tripod.com /dinulhaq/id28.htm (8753 words)

	1008 - 1086 Taifa Kingdoms
		Having fled to Toledo Muhammad II seeks the aid of the counts of Barcelona (Ramón Borrell) and Urgel (Collins, 1983; Fletcher, 1992; Kennedy, 1996).
		Hisham II is restored as Caliph by his followers.
		Sancho II of Castile defeats his brother, Alfonso VI of León over the Carrión River (9 miles south of the city of Santa maria de Carrion - the capital of the Beni-Gomez - Christian counts of Saldaña, Liebana, Carrion, and Zamora).
	www.balagan.org.uk /war/iberia/0711/chronology1008.htm (2354 words)

	Welcome to IslamVision.org
		Al-Jarrah pulled out one of the rings and one of his front teeth dropped out; he pulled out another ring and another tooth fell down; Abu Dujana leaned over the Prophet (Peace be upon him) to shield him from arrows until many were stuck in his back.
		When she was told of their death she asked, "Tell me first about the Prophet?" The people replied, "Thanks God, the Prophet is safe." But she was not satisfied and asked whether she could see the Prophet (Peace be upon him) herself.
		The Meccan army had departed from Uhud but they had not gone far away when the people were heard complaining against one another and accusing their leaders of withdrawing without pressing home their advantage.
	www.islamvision.org /BattleofUhud.asp (5443 words)

	Christian and Muslim Kingdoms of Spain
		Although technically not a kingdom, the Counts of Barcelona extended their influence until by the reign of Berenguer Ramon II they were defacto rulers of the area.
		Ramon Berenguer III the Great (1097-1131), son of Ramon Berenguer II and the daughter of the Cid, Maria.
		Son of Idris I. Mohamed II (1055 to 1057).
	www.thecid.com /rulers.htm (603 words)

	PART II: On the trail of a lost daughter, mother finds roadblocks
		Maureen assumed that Hisham was in Saudi Arabia _ he'd always said he was afraid to go to Syria, and he had relatives in the capital of Riyadh.
		Without pause, Amoudi told her that Hisham had been taken into custody, but that the child had been handed over to his relatives and had disappeared.
		He reminded her that Hisham was a Sunni Muslim man who had been arrested on her account _ on account of a Western, Christian woman.
	www.mlive.com /news/aanews/index.ssf?/stories/news/20060805_snatchback2.html (1516 words)

	Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (691–743) (Arabic: هشام بن عبد الملك) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 723 until his death in 743.
		In Spain, the internal conflicts of the years past were ended, and Hisham assembled a large army that went into France where after initial successes, they were stopped at the Battle of Tours by Charles Martel beginning a seriers of military set backs in the region.
		Hisham also faced a revolt by the armies of Zayd bin Ali, grandson of Husayn bin Ali, which was however easily put down.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik (426 words)

	1004: The year 1004 - events and people France England
		King and Holy Roman Emperor, son of Duke Henry II (the Quarrelsome) and of the Burgundian Princess Gisela; b.
		II was a major figure in the early 11th century.
		Died 1004: Garcia Sanchez II of Navarre, Pomplona and Argon.
	home.eckerd.edu /~oberhot/1004.htm (2034 words)

	Caliph - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Eventually, supporters of the Banu Hisham and Alid claims united to bring down the Umayyads in 750.
		It is known that Mehmed II and his grandson Selim used it to justify their conquest of Islamic countries.
		At a later date, one of the last Sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Abdulhamid II, used it as a tool against the European colonisation and occupation of countries with large Muslim populations.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Caliph (3267 words)

	A Response to Ayesha's Age...
		It is quite strange that no one from Medinah, where Hisham ibn `urwah lived the first seventy one years of his life has narrated the event [from him], even though in Medinah his pupils included people as well known as Malik ibn Anas.
		All the narratives of this event have been reported by narrators from Iraq, where Hisham is reported to have had shifted after living in Medinah for seventy one years.
		Again, the argument that all those who heard this narrative from Hisham ibn `urwah were Iraqis, is a simple statement of fact.
	www.understanding-islam.com /ri/mi-005.htm (2245 words)

	Biografia de Dinastía Omeya
		Le sucedieron Muhawiya II, Marwán I, y Abd el-Malik (646-705).
		Le sucedieron Solimán, Omar II, Yazid II, Hisham, El-Walid II, Yazid III, Ibrahim y Marwán II (684-750).
		Sólo un nieto de Hisham, Abderramán I (o Abd al-Rahmán) (731-88), consiguió huir al norte de África y se apoderó de al-Ándalus (la España musulmana), fundando el Emirato de Córdoba (756).
	www.biografiasyvidas.com /biografia/o/omeya.htm (869 words)

	Abbadides - LoveToKnow 1911
		Abd-ul-Qasim gained the confidence of the townsmen by organizing a successful resistance to the Berber soldiers of fortune who were grasping at the fragments of the caliphate.
		At first he professed to rule only with the advice of a council formed of the nobles, but when his power became established he dispensed with this show of republican government, and then gave himself the appearance of a legitimate title by protecting an impostor who professed to be the caliph Hisham II.
		When Abd-ul-Qasim died in 1042 he had created a state which, though weak in itself, was strong as compared to the little powers about it.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Abbadides (1000 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Ishbiliyah: Islamic Seville: (Compilation) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Hisham upheld her claim and wrote to his governor in North Africa, ordering him to enforce it and assist Sara in every way.
		Sara went from Seville to Córdoba to greet ‘Abd al-Rahman I ibn Mu‘awiyah ibn Hisham, and he reminded her that they had met before: in Damascus, when she had pled her case before Hisham.
		He justified his claim to rule by spreading the rumor that he was governing in the name of Hisham II, legitimate claimant to the Umayyad succession, and that Hisham was hidden in his palace, under his protection.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200407/ishbiliyah.islamic.seville-.compilation..htm (6965 words)

	The Art of the Umayyad Period in Spain (711–1031) \| Thematic Essay \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Amirids, particularly al-Mansur (978–1002), chamberlain to the nominal ruler, the child-prince Hisham II (r.
		Luxurious objects such as boxes of carved ivory and gilt silver, bronze animal statuary, and richly figured silks were commissioned for palaces decorated with ornate marble capitals, stucco wall panels, and marble fountains.
		Abd al-Rahman III's palace city at Madinat al-Zahra’ set the standard for artistic taste in the caliphate, and al-Hakam II's addition to the Great Mosque of Córdoba marked the imposition of a palatial level of luxury and hierarchy on this religious monument.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/sumay/hd_sumay.htm (654 words)

	Chronology of Expansion
		Pope Urban II called (1095) for a crusade to restore Asia Minor to Byzantium and to regain the Holy Land from the Turks.
		Frederick II (1194-1250) improved administration and patronized the arts; after his death, German influence was removed from Italy.
		He is succeeded by his son Hisham, 12, who will be caliph until 1009 and then again from 1010 to 1013 but will never have any real power (see 978).
	www.b17.com /family/lwp/chronology/expansion.html (5909 words)

	PAR246 Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Although ‘Umar II’s would reign from only 717 to 720, his tax system would endure for a thousand years and initiated the transformation of the empire from an Arabic one to a Muslim one.
		The Hisham II was kept isolated from his subjects and power.
		So much was the caliph Hisham II a tool of Sanchuelo that he dutifully signed a document that declared Sanchuelo to be his successor.
	people.uncw.edu /bergh/par246/L25Caliphate.htm (4660 words)

	Islamic History (Chronology)
		Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad II, accession of Gulaiman.
		Death of the Ottoman Sultan Sulaiman II, accession of Ahmad II.
		Death of the Turk Sultan Ahmad II, accession of Mustafa II.
	www.barkati.net /english/chronology.htm (8011 words)

	Wasserstein. Caliphate in the West
		Hisham, possibly unaware that in once again signing documents placed in front of him he was actually signing his own death warrant, complaisantdy sent the document required of him.
		It was perhaps in order to anticipate their objections to Hisham's signing away of their family inheritance that Sanchuelo had the document drawn up in the form which it has.
		By the time their last caliph, Hisham III al-Mu'tadd, ruled, they were objects as much of contempt as their offce had once been of wonder.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst372/readings/wasserstein.html (6268 words)

	WALEG: Comment on Your Show & Your Rules
		I keep reading here that "money talks" and that Hisham one because of Khallij money, well, yes but again let's be fair the weekly evaluations were not that fair either.
		i just dont get, we're very lucky that hisham here has a good voice, because if other contestant from saudia arabia came and won it would be too obvious that the country with better money has a better chance.
		Hisham is a funny guy with no facial expression.
	www.waleg.com /movabletype/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=817 (1346 words)

	Europe - List Of State Leaders In 1010 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Holy Roman Empire (Germany) - Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor of the Ottonian dynasty (elected and coronated June 7, 1002, becoming de facto Emperor, later crowned by Pope Benedict VIII on February 14, 1014, died July 13, 1024).
		Hisham II of the Umayyad Dynasty, Caliph of Cordoba (976 - 1008 and 1010 - 1012
		Suleiman II of Umayyad Suleiman II of the Umayyad Dynasty, Caliph of Cordoba (1009- 1010 and 1012- 1017)
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Aaltje9462/list-of-state-leaders-in-1010/europe.html (190 words)

	Almanzor
		General de los ejércitos durante el reinado de Hisham II.
		A la muerte de Hakam II, padre de Hisham II, Almanzor es nombrado visir y comienza a enfrentarse a Yafar al-Mushafi, haciéndose con el poder en 981, con el beneplácito de Hisham II.
		Nombró sucesor a su hijo Abd al-Malik, lo que generó una guerra interna entre los sucesores de Hisham II y los de Almanzor.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/es/wikipedia/a/al/almanzor.html (289 words)

	Article - News - Treason charges filed
		It was the first time an American was charged with treason since the World War II era, a charge that could bring the death penalty.
		Gadahn, who has warned in videos that "the streets of America shall run red with blood," is believed to have attended al-Qaida training camps in Pakistan and served as one of its translators.
		Olson's husband, Hisham Diab, and another extremist, Khalil al-Deek, had taken Gadahn under their wing, she said.
	www.ocregister.com /ocregister/news/abox/article_1310287.php (1042 words)

	Chapter 2: A History of Spain and Portugal
		The strength of the tenth-century caliphate was due as much to the efficiency of the state system as to the size and prosperity of its population, for the caliphate developed the best organized administration found anywhere in western Europe during that era.
		Abd-al-Rahman III's successor, al-Hakam II, ruled for fifteen years, but when he died in 976 he left as heir a twelve-year-old son who was recognized as Hisham II.
		In 981 young Hisham was forced to officially ratify the complete authority of the hajib over all aspects of government.
	libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne2.htm (7152 words)

	USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
		II, P. We have given the details of this event in the Introduction to Surah Al-Anfal.
		Then, when the Holy Prophet arrived in Madinah, Islam had so deeply penetrated every house of the Ansar that Abdullah bin Ubayy became helpless and did not see any other way to save his leadership than to become a Muslim himself.
		On the occasion of the Battle of Uhud this man committed open treachery and withdrew from the battlefield with 300 of his companions.
	www.usc.edu /dept/MSA/quran/maududi/mau63.html (2120 words)

	700000 people connected with European Royalty
		Al-Hakam II Al-Mustansir Caliph Of Cordoba and Nn (A Basque)
		He was the so n of T hu tm os e II and a concubine, and son-in-law of Que en Hats hep su t th rough his marriage to her daughter, hi s half-si ster, b y Thu tmose II.
		Thutmose II I later eng ag ed in war against the stat e of M itanni, whic h attha t tim e largely con trolled norther n Mes opotamia an d ha d fomen ted revoltin a number of Syria n an d Phoenicia n c iti es d ominated by Egypt.
	www.e-familytree.net /f238.htm (7337 words)

	: : [ University of Leicester Islamic Society ] : : : : : : : :
		When Hisham II succeeded his father al-Hakam II he was only a small boy and thus al-Mansur (formerly the vizier) effectively became the ruler.
		Pope Sylvester II is reported to have studied arithmetic and the making of astrolabes at Cordoba in his youth.
		The Mihrab of today dates from the reign of al-Hakam II and its dome was the product of Moorish artisans trained in the techniques of Byzantine mosaic, adapting this “wholly to the geometric style of Moorish-Islamic art”.
	www.leicesterisoc.org /ARTICLES/muslimspain/muslimspain.htm (4721 words)

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