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	Cordoba, Caliph - Hisham III
		Hisham III (Arabic: ÙØ´Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ«Ø§ÙØ«) was the last Umayyad ruler in Spain (1026 - 1031), and the last person to hold the title Caliph of Cordoba.
		Hisham III (Arabic: ÙØ´Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ«Ø§ÙØ«) was the last Umayyad ruler in Spain (1026-1031), and the last person to hold the title Caliph of Cordoba.
		Hisham III, the brother of Abd ar-Rahman IV, was chosen as Caliph after long negotiations between the governers of the border regions and the people of Cordoba.
	www.alphasearch.org /Hisham-III.html (239 words)

	Hisham III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hisham III (Arabic: هشام الثالث) was the last Umayyad ruler in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia) (1026-1031), and the last person to hold the title Caliph of Cordoba.
		Hisham III, the brother of Abd ar-Rahman IV, was chosen as Caliph after long negotiations between the governers of the border regions and the people of Cordoba.
		After the Caliphate fell with the overthrow of Hisham III in 1031, the Caliphate's land holdings — already much diminished from its height in power just 100 years past — devolved into a number of militarily weak but culturally advanced taifas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hisham_III (227 words)

	2. Muslim Spain. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		By the Peace of 955 with Ordono III of Leon, the independence of Leon and Navarre was recognized and the Muslim frontier withdrawn to the Ebro; on the other hand, Leon and Navarre recognized the suzerainty of the caliph and paid tribute.
		Hisham II al Muayyad, whose reign marked the decline of the Umayyad dynasty.
		Hisham was compelled to abdicate in favor of Muhammad II al-Mahdi (1009–10), and Sanchol was executed.
	www.bartleby.com /67/419.html (854 words)

	Islamic history
		Death of Abdul Rahman of Spain, and accession of Hisham.
		Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Rahman III in Spain; accession of Hakam.
		Death of Muhammad III, Sultan of Turkey, accession of Ahmad I. In Morocco al Shaikh died.
	members.tripod.com /dinulhaq/id28.htm (8753 words)

	1008 - 1086 Taifa Kingdoms
		Hisham II is restored as Caliph by his followers.
		Hisham III, the last of the Umayyad Caliphs disappears into obscurity (Fletcher, 1992; although Menéndez, 1934, says 1030).
		Vermudo III reclaims the Leónese crown, and Sancho's sons inherit his other territories; Garcia IV in Navarre including some territory of Old Castile; Ferdinand I in the new kingdom of Castile; Ramiro I in the new kingdom of Aragon.
	www.balagan.org.uk /war/iberia/0711/chronology1008.htm (2354 words)

	Spain - Printer-friendly - ninemsn Encarta
		In the 11th century a considerable part of Aragón was captured from the Muslims by Sancho III, King of Navarre, who also conquered León and Castile, and in 1033 he made his son, Ferdinand I, King of Castile.
		His capital, Córdoba, became the most splendid city in Europe except for Constantinople, and Spanish civilization during the Moorish supremacy was far in advance of that of the rest of the continent.
		The dynasty ended with the death of Hisham III in 1036 and the caliphate split into a number of independent and mutually hostile Moorish kingdoms, including Córdoba, Granada, Seville, Toledo, Lisbon, Saragossa, Murcia, and Valencia.
	au.encarta.msn.com /text_761575057___40/Spain.html (9260 words)

	Hisham III - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hisham III was the last Umayyad ruler in Spain, and the last person to hold the title Caliph ofCordoba.
		After the Caliphate fell with the death of Hisham III, the Caliphate's land holdings — already much diminishedfrom its height in power just 100 years past — devolved into a number of militarily weak but culturally advanced taifas.
		This article is a substub, the first step on the way tobecoming a full article.
	www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /default.asp?t=Hisham_III (72 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 282
		Hishâm III ibn 'Abd al-Rahmân, khalifa al-Qurtubi was born circa 995.
		Muhammad III ibn 'Abd al-Rahmân, khalifa al-Qurtubi was born circa 972.
		She was the daughter of Carolus III Simplex, roi des Francs and Frederuna, Westfränkische Königin.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p282.htm (3936 words)

	Wasserstein. Caliphate in the West
		Hisham, possibly unaware that in once again signing documents placed in front of him he was actually signing his own death warrant, complaisantdy sent the document required of him.
		It was perhaps in order to anticipate their objections to Hisham's signing away of their family inheritance that Sanchuelo had the document drawn up in the form which it has.
		By the time their last caliph, Hisham III al-Mu'tadd, ruled, they were objects as much of contempt as their offce had once been of wonder.
	www.sonhex.dk /calif.htm (6185 words)

	Hisham III - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Hisham III - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Hisham III (Arabic: هشام الثالث) was the last Umayyad ruler in Spain (1026-1031), and the last person to hold the title Caliph of Cordoba.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Hisham III contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Hisham_III (211 words)

	Islam Genealogy 2
		In 756, 'Abd al-Rahman, grandson of the Umayyad Caliph, Hisham, became the ruler in Spain.
		'Abd aI-Rahman III (al-Nasir li-Din Allah), 912 - 961.
		Hisham II (al-Mu'ayyad), 1st reign, 976 - 1009.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /historia/islam_gen2.htm (389 words)

	Splinter Cell Double Agent Game Guide - Features at GameSpot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hisham's been taken captive by the rebels that have taken control of the palace.
		Hisham, however, is a required save if he's still alive at this point, but luckily for you, he'll be the last hostage they kill.
		Regardless, Hisham should be a-ok if you manage to disable or kill all of the guards.
	www.gamespot.com /features/6159962/p-31.html (1017 words)

	Caliph of Cordoba
		The title Caliph was claimed by Abd-ar-Rahman III on January 16, 929; he was previously known as the Emir of Cordoba.
		Rulers of the Emirate were content to use the title emir or sultan until the 10th century, when Abd-ar-Rahman III was faced with the threat of invasion by the Fatimids, a rival Islamic empire based in Cairo.
		The last Caliph of Cordoba was Hisham III, also of the Umayyad dynasty.
	www.keywordmage.net /ca/caliph-of-cordoba.html (345 words)

	Chronology of Expansion
		922 A.D. France's Charles III (the Simple) is deposed by rebellious barons and replaced with Robert, brother of King Odo, who is crowned king of the Franks at Reims June 29 while Charles gathers an army to march against the usurper.
		He is succeeded by his son Hisham, 12, who will be caliph until 1009 and then again from 1010 to 1013 but will never have any real power (see 978).
		Finance minister under Hisham's late father, Hakam II, al-Mansur will wage successful campaigns against the Christian kingdoms to the north, check separatist religious movements, and extend the power of the Umayyad caliphate in the next 24 years.
	www.b17.com /family/lwp/chronology/expansion.html (5909 words)

	Caliph - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Eventually, supporters of the Banu Hisham and Alid claims united to bring down the Umayyads in 750.
		However, the Shi'at Ali, the party of Ali, were again disappointed when the Abbasid dynasty took power, as the Abbasids were descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib and not from Ali.
		From 756 to 929, this Umayyad domain in Spain was an independent emirate, until Abd-ar-rahman III reclaimed the title of Caliph for his dynasty.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Caliph (3267 words)

	Carthage Timeline
		William III fails to convince Innocent III to depose Frederick and restore Sicily to the Hauteville family.
		William III is publically baptized as a Donatist.
		King William III of Carraja sends 700 knights and a delegation of Donatist priests and bishops to Count Raymond VI at Talossa.
	www.geocities.com /carrajena/timeline.html (2105 words)

	Islamic History (Chronology)
		Death of the Umayyad Amir Abdullah in Spain, accession of Abdur Rahman III.
		The Ghurids defeat the Guzz Turks and occupy Ghazni.
		In Indonesia death of Alauddin Rayat Shah, Sultan of Acheh, accession of Ali Rayat Shah III.
	www.barkati.net /english/chronology.htm (8011 words)

	Hisham I Umayyad Leader al-Hakam I Abd ar-Rahman I Cordoba Umayyad Abd-ar-Rahman I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hisham I was the Umayyad emir of Cordoba, ruling from 788 to 796.
		Hisham I was the greatest Moorish Emir of all time.
		Hisham Matar was born in New York in November 1970 and spent his childhood in Tripoli and Cairo...
	en.powerwissen.com /zX2BtCR9uc%7C%7CSL%7C%7Cf7sEFCs5%7C%7CSL%7C%7CDQ%3D%3D_Hisham_I.html (144 words)

	YouTube - 21st Century Spirit
		Interfaith III- Shaykh Hisham Kabbani in LA March 2007
		Interfaith II- Shaykh Hisham Kabbani in LA March 2007
		Interfaith V- Shaykh Hisham Kabbani in LA March 2007
	youtube.com /?v=0FugbAkICDE (188 words)

	WALEG: Comment on Your Show & Your Rules
		I keep reading here that "money talks" and that Hisham one because of Khallij money, well, yes but again let's be fair the weekly evaluations were not that fair either.
		Saying all that, I think LBC needs to do a better job in selecting the students regardless of their nationalities, have an audit firm handle the voting like in the US beauty pageants which will ensure fairness, and most importantly try to look for a solution for the voting system (may be some weighting system?).
		Hisham is a funny guy with no facial expression.
	www.waleg.com /movabletype/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=817 (1346 words)

	[No title]
		Hisham I, [16th] Caliph [at Damascus, Syria] 724-743, bro of Yazid II, [15th] Caliph 720-724
		= Harar [Shah-Zenan; Shahr-Banu], dau of Persian Shah Yazgirid III
		Hisham I, [16th] Caliph [at Damascus, Syria] 724-743 [his bro Abdul Yazid al-Wallid, was the 2nd husband of Egilom, dau of Rodrigo de Balthes, the late Visi-Gothic King of Spain]
	www.angelfire.com /ego/et_deo/arabia2europe.wps.htm (1097 words)

	SPAIN
		In the 11th century a considerable part of Aragón was captured from the Muslims by Sancho III (970–1035), king of Navarre, who also conquered León and Castile, and in 1033 he made his son,
		Charles III, an enlightened ruler responsible for many foreign and domestic achievements, Spain regained some of its former greatness.
		Charles IV, was a weak ruler, prey to intrigues and corruption particularly after 1792, when he gave Manuel de Godoy (1767–1851) the direction of the government.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..sp156900.a#FWNE.fw..sp156900.a (11947 words)

	The Message
		Justice demands that we should admit that Ibn Hisham and Abu Ja'far Tabari have given a comprehensive account of the fighting of Ali in Khayber and have narrated the minutest details of the event.
		Tabari and Ibn Hisham have quoted this fiction from a distinguished companion of the Prophet viz.
		Tabari and Ibn Hisham have been somewhat disturbed and have mentioned the event of the defeat and return of the two commanders, who were appointed to conquer the fort before Ali, in such a manner that it does not conform with the purport of the sentence which the Prophet uttered about Ali.
	www.al-islam.org /message/44.htm (8920 words)

	743
		Umayyad caliph Hisham[?] ibn Abd al-Malik (724-743) succeeded by al-Walid II[?] ibn Abd al-Malik (743-744).
		Childeric III becomes king of the Franks after an interregnum of seven years.
		Constantine V re-ascends the throne of the Byzantine Empire.
	www.fastload.org /74/743.html (112 words)

	Hisham III . Spaniens historia . Muhammad III (umayyaddynastin) . Córdoba (Spanien) . 1027 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hishman III var den umayyader umayyadiska dynastins siste kalif i Córdoba Spanien Córdoba och den siste som innehade titeln "Kalif av Córdoba".
		Efter Hisham III:s död föll kalifatet – redan innan blott en skugga av dess omfattning bara hundra år tidigare – samman i ett antal militärt svaga men kulturellt framstående taifa-riken.
		Muhammad III var en umayyader umayyadisk kalif i Córdoba Spanien Córdoba 1023-1024.
	www.se.fraquisanto.net /Hisham_III (159 words)

	Cronología musulmana en España
		Hisham I, emir, somete las rebeliones yemeníes de Aragón y Cataluña.
		Abderramán III (Abd al-Rahman III) domina las rebeliones de Jaén, Elvira y Sevilla.
		Hisham II, al-Mu'ayyad, califa de Al-Andalus, nombra visir y hachib a Almanzor (976-1002), que aumenta el ejército de bereberes.
	www.adurcal.com /enlaces/cultura/zona/Historia/cronomusulm.htm (2273 words)

	Medieval Iberian Studies at UCI
		A considerable part of Aragón is captured from the Muslims by Sancho III, king of Navarre, who also conqueres León and Castilla.
		The next earliest forms of Spanish literature are epics composed by the juglares, the Spanish minstrels who sang in village squares and castle halls during the Middle Ages.
		1036 The Umayyad dynasty ends with the death of Hisham III and the caliphate splits into a number of independent and mutually hostile Moorish kingdoms, including Córdoba, Granada, Sevilla, Toledo, Lisbon, Zaragoza, Murcia, and Valencia.
	www.hnet.uci.edu /spanishandportuguese/spanish/medievaliberia/reference_timeline_detail.html (1610 words)

	USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
		But the delegation that arrived in Makkah to declare their allegiance did not give any importance to the proposal of Abbas bin Ubadah, and a11 its members, who included 75 men from both the tribes, became ready to invite the Holy Prophet in the face of every danger.(lbn Hisham, vol.
		Once when the Holy Prophet was passing on the way Abdullah bin Ubayy spoke to him in harsh words.
		On the occasion of the Battle of Uhud this man committed open treachery and withdrew from the battlefield with 300 of his companions.
	www.usc.edu /dept/MSA/quran/maududi/mau63.html (2120 words)

	Wargames Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		His influence over Hisham II was such that in reality al-Mansur ruled in all but name in Cordoba.
		The Berber generals however chose yet another descendent of Abd al-Rahman III, Sulayman, as a rival caliph who enlisted the help of Christian Castile in his fight and defeated Muhammad II in 1009.
		Following Sulayman’s death a series of puppet rulers were installed before the last, Hisham III, was finally expelled from Cordoba in 1031.
	www.wargamesjournal.com /dark_ages/dark_ages_article_6.asp (3454 words)

	Islam
		One reason that 'AbdurRah.mân III may have proclaimed himself Caliph, besides the general decline of the Abbasids in power the prestige, was the new Fatimid Caliphate in North Africa.
		The genealogy of the Ayyûbids that follows is from The New Islamic Dynasties by Clifford Edmund Bosworth [Edinburgh University Press, 1996, pp.70-73] and A History of the Crusades, Volume III, The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades by Steven Runciman [Cambridge University Press, 1951, 1993, p.532].
		Ironically, this was al-Mutawakkil III -- the same title as the Caliph who was assassinated by his own Turkish guard in 861.
	www.friesian.com /islam.htm (9016 words)

	Portugal > History > Date Table > First County of Portugal
		Hisham II is deposed in uprising led by Mohammed II al-Mahdi who is then declared as the new Caliph of Córdoba (1008-1009)
		Hisham II is restored as Caliph of Córdoba by Berber army led by al-Wahdid (1010-1012)
		Don Bermudo III defeats the Moor army in a battle near Aveiro - Don Bermudo III is later is killed in battle at Toledo
	www.portugal-info.net /history/first-county.htm (1385 words)

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