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Topic: Hissarlik

	Hissarlik
		Hissarlik was the location of Troy, famous city of Greek legend, on the northwestern corner of Asia Minor, in present-day Turkey.
		The legendary founder of the city was Ilus, the son of Tros, from whom the name Troy was derived.
		“The Ruins of Hissarlik.” (11 Oct. 1999) http://www.homer.com.mx/hissar.htm 11 Oct 1999.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/sites/europe/hissarlik.html (834 words)

	Aegean Civilization - LoveToKnow 1911
		But the "Burnt City" of his second stratum, revealed in 1873, with its fortifications and vases, and a hoard of gold, silver and bronze objects, which the discoverer connected with it, began to arouse a curiosity which was destined presently to spread far outside the narrow circle of scholars.
		A relation between objects of art described by Homer and the Mycenaean treasure was generally allowed, and a correct opinion prevailed that, while certainly posterior, the civilization of the Iliad was reminiscent of the Mycenaean.
		Tiryns and Hissarlik, other communities of the early race began to arrive at civilization, but were naturally influenced by the more advanced culture of Crete, in proportion to their nearness of vicinity.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Aegean_Civilization (7489 words)

	Historicity of the Iliad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The identification of the hill at Hissarlik as Troy is, in this view, a late development, following the Greek colonisation of Asia Minor in the 8th century BC.
		Homer describes that the location was very windy, which Hissarlik almost always is, and several other geographical features also match, so it appears, therefore, that Homer was describing an actual place, although this fact does not in itself prove that his story is true.
		Also, the aforementioned Catalogue of Ships mentions a great variety of cities, some of which, including Athens, were inhabited both in the Bronze Age and in Homer's time, and some of which, such as Pylos, were not rebuilt after the Bronze Age.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Historicity_of_the_Iliad (1536 words)

	Troy II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Troia II "Troy II" corresponds to one of the new cities on Hissarlik hill, a small Anatolian-Egean town.
		Hissarlik is situated in the northeast corner of Anatolia, the entrance to the straights of Dardanelli, where according to classical tradition the ancient city of Troy was situated.
		Schliemann and Dörpfeld distinguished the layering of Hissarlik's new "city" on top of that of "Troy" and of which Homeric could be Tory-VIIa, characterised by Mycenaean imports dating from around 1200 A.C. ; however, even today the question remains open.
	www.musei.unina.it /Antropologia/eng/1.2.2.6.d.htm (205 words)

	[No title]
		Î¡ÎÎÎ’ ix 1 67 119 152 184 211 264 !!05 518 573 537 008 648 APPENDIX I.â”TROY AND HISSARLIK.
		But at Hissarlik the correction was simple enough to guarantee the accuracy of the general result, and what is now offered to the world may be placed, in respect of the authenticity of the facts, beside the best researches of archaeology.
		Because Hissarlik oners certain points of correspondence with Mycenae, and the latter again with South Russia, this scholar there fore concludes that the South Russian chronology must also be the measure for Hissarlik, and that both Mycenae and Hissarlik are to be referred to roving hordes of Heruli in the third century after Christ.
	fax.libs.uga.edu /text/troy.txt (17468 words)

	Greece - The Modern Siege Of Troy
		Through her generosity, supplemented by that of the German Government, the excavations were renewed under the direction of Dr. Dorpfeld in the spring of 1893.
		Hissarlik seemed but a curious pile of stones, dust and ashes, and, had I been alone, half a day would have sated my curiosity,—and the puzzle would have been unsolved.
		The latest examinations show that not only are there nine strata of as many cities on the hill of Hissarlik, but that one of these has been rebuilt thrice on the original levels, so that very likely a dozen different cities have stood on that hill.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles21/greece-36.shtml (3361 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 94.01.02
		there is, however, of course no way in which any of these have a direct bearing on what appears at hissarlik immediately after the end of troy viib.
		it is equally possible that survivors from troy viib continued to occupy the site and became influenced by greek pottery, just as the inhabitants of hissarlik in troy vi and viia imported mycenaean pottery and produced local imitations of it.
		5 the evidence for greek activity at hissarlik that can be dated securely to the eighth century bc is very limited.
	omega.cohums.ohio-state.edu /mailing_lists/BMCR-L/Mirror/1994/94.01.02.html (8973 words)

	Northvegr - The Swastika
		Virchow's opinion that none of the cities of Hissarlik were in the stone age may be correct, but the reason he gave is certainly doubtful.
		In countries and localities where stone is scarce and shell abundant, cutting implements were, in prehistoric times, made of shell; and chisels or hatchets of shell, corresponding to the polished stone hatchet, where prevalent whereever the conditions were favorable, yet nobody ever called it an age of shell.
		So, in the ruined cities of Hissarlik, the first five of them abounded in stone implements peculiar to the Neolithic age, while there may have been large numbers of implements and utensils of other materials, yet this did not change it from the polished stone age.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/swastika/047.php (591 words)

	Camps, Fortifications, Vitrified Forts; Santorin; The Towns upon the Hill of Hissarlik.
		There we shall close this portion of our work, for from the time when the buildings of which these remains were the relics met their doom, the use of metals, copper, bronze, gold, silver, and iron became general.
		There remain but a few relics of the buildings erected by the first inhabitants of the bill of Hissarlik, which relics consist of great blocks of irregular size, with remains of bearing walls composed of small stones cemented together with clay and faced with a glaze which has withstood the wear and tear of centuries.
		The remains of the Greek and Lydian towns extend to a depth of 7½ feet beneath the actual level of the soil; the fourth layer, from 7½ to 15 feet; the third, from 15 to 22½ feet; Troy itself, from 22½ to 32 feet; and lastly Dardania, from 32 to 52 feet.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Prehistoric/00000017.htm (13447 words)

	Chapter X: Trading Relations with Troy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Hissarlik was apparently from the earliest period the citadel of the city which lay round it on the plain.
		They had pushed their wares into Hissarlik, and had filled all the opposite shores of Europe with a culture much higher and more vigorous than any which has left a contemporary trace in Anatolia." Mr.
		The quantity and quality of the Hissarlik axes, however, suggest an eastern source of supply, and it may be that these and the Maltese polished axe pendants of jade are genuine relics of primitive commerce.
	allstarz.hollywood.com /religioustext/cla/moc/moc15.htm (9406 words)

	worlorn hissarlik 980920
		Hissarlik was the Great Work of Roke Mage the Half Elven One as a self-contained world with much of the order of the troad, sustained by the five elemental rings, themselves great works of another Roke Mage, Ged.
		Hissarlik is a plane or collection of planes not easily reached from the prime material.
		Although Hissarlik is typically thought of as a dungeon, over half of the twenty 'levels' are actually outdoor environments.
	www.sonic.net /~ricercar/worlorn/hissarlik.html (213 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 94.01.02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		These refinements constitute his most important conclusions, and as such they are significant, but at the same time appear to be a departure from what the title of the book implies.
		Since it is necessary to reject the biblical 'account' (as it is necessary to reject Homer's 'account' of the Trojan War), he finds it equally necessary to attempt to explain what actually happened (i.e., what were the 'events' of Jericho?).
		In other words, Patzek's discussion of the question suffers as much from failing to take the archaeological evidence (or lack thereof) into account as those who are accused of approaching it in a simplistic manner.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1994/94.01.02.html (3332 words)

	worlorn brittanica troad 970420
		In summarizing what has been found to exist on the mound of Hissarlik in the excavations undertaken there since 1870, it is not advisable to observe the order of the finding, since Schliemann's want of experience and method caused much confusion and error in the earher revelations.
		The settlement in the second stratum belongs, in fact, to a primitive stage of that local civilization which preceded the Mycenaean; and it is this latter w hich is recalled by the Homeric poems.
		The pottery of the second stratum at Hissarlik shows the first introduction of paint, and of the slip and somewhat fantastic forms parallel to those of the preMycenaean style in the Cyclades.
	gadzikowski.com /worlorn/brittanica.html (6298 words)

	Heinrich Schliemann
		It appears that Frank Calvert (1828-1908), consular agent for the United States at the Dardanelles, first suggested to Schliemann that Hissarlik was the ancient Troy; the theory had first been proposed by Charles Maclaren (1782-1866) in his Dissertation on the Topography of the Plain of Troy, 1822.
		He obtained a (United States) divorce from his Russian wife, published his second book, Ithaka in which he first asserted the theme which would drive his publications and discoveries the rest of his life: that the Homeric poem described real places which could be discovered by close reading of the text.
		In 1871 Schliemann received permission to dig at Hissarlik on the northwestern corner of present-day Turkey, but not after he had done some surreptitious digging.
	www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org /schliemannh.htm (963 words)

	The Identification of Troy
		Jebb’s objections would continue to weigh on the minds of those who followed Schliemann in his identification, as well as those who disagreed: the area of Hissarlik, even at its widest extent, was barely a twentieth of the size of the great citadel conjured by the poet.
		Actually, Hissarlik is in plain sight of the Hellespont, on the same side of the river, without any running springs, and enclosed within its walls an area of less than five acres.”
		From the Iliad it transpires that the Achaeans could not effectively besiege Troy because of its great size—the Trojans were able to receive aid from all the nations of Asia Minor until the very end of the war.
	www.varchive.org /nldag/idtroy.htm (890 words)

	Commentary on Vergil's Aeneid -- Troy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Until the late 19th century, classical scholars considered Homer's Troy to be poetic imagination and consequently, any search for a physical city was considered foolish.
		However, the excavations of Heinrich Schliemann from 1870-1890 at the mound of Hissarlik, long known to be the site of Hellenistic and Roman Ilion, made great inroads toward establishing the existence of Homeric Troy.
		Hissarlik is located on the far northwest coast of Anatolia.
	vergil.classics.upenn.edu /comm2/geography/asia/troy.html (660 words)

	The Archaeology of Hissarlik
		The need for a new and definitive survey of Hissarlik arose in the 1920’s because of continuing uncertainties about the dating of the various strata identified earlier by Schliemann and Dörpfeld.
		Schliemann’s great trenches, dug in haste in his relentless drive to reach the lower layers of the mound, where he firmly believed he would find the remains of Priam’s fortress, ironically resulted in the irretrievable loss of large portions of the higher levels which scholars were later to identify as the Ilion of Homer.
		While a few definite conclusions could be drawn on the basis of Dörpfeld’s work—such as the realization that Troy II belonged to the Early Bronze Age, and could not therefore be the Homeric city—many new problems arose, especially concerning the relation of the Late Bronze Age city to its seventh-century Greek successor.
	www.varchive.org /nldag/archiss.htm (1443 words)

	HISSARLIK TROY
		The false assumption that the Trojan War was waged near Hissarlik (so called Troy) in Asia Minor, where NO traces of war are found, dates back to the eight century BC when the first Greeks settled on Turkey's west coast.
		The Greeks did not know that the Trojans who once lived in the Hissarlik area were migrants because the collective memory of this fact was lost during the Dark Ages (1200-750 BC).
		In this way, the origin of the Trojans and Achaeans was forgotten and the real story of Hissarlik Troy, the Iliad and the Odyssey was lost, but now it has all been rediscovered.
	www.troy-in-england.co.uk /hissarlik-troy/hissarlik-troy.htm (433 words)

	Paper on Heinrich Schliemann (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Hissarlik matched the geography of Troy from Homer better than Bounarbashi.
		His goal was to go from the topmost point and get to native soil as soon as possible, and he starts to dig out a massive north-south trench, in essence a wide, steep platform to facilitate moving large amounts of earth.
		What we know is that there was a city at Hissarlik, matching the details in Homer’s epic, at the right time, and hostile forces destroyed it, and all the people who knew what it looked like were dead in one generation.
	fac-staff.seattleu.edu /blaschkc/web/study/HSchPaper.htm (5988 words)

	HIST 212: Minoan Artifacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		After Schliemann's fantastic finds at Hissarlik, which he thought King Priam had hidden during the moment of the Sack of Homer's Troy, he dug at Mycenae on the Greek mainland.
		With amazing insight, he dug at the right spot and soon unearthed this golden mask which Schliemann believed to be Agamemnon's death mask.
		Actually, the artifacts which he uncovered at Hissarlik and Mycenae were much older (ca.
	people.westminstercollege.edu /faculty/mmarkowski/212/2/minrep.html (215 words)

	Aryan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		One of the major archeological discoveries of the swastika was at a dig site in Hissarlik, the factual site of Homer’s literary Troy, where, in 1874, Dr. Heinrich Schliemann, a German amateur archeologist, discovered artifacts decorated with swastika-like patterns etched or painted onto broken pieces of pottery (Heller 6).
		Schliemann used the evidence of the swastika at Troy to validate the existence of the Aryans and to draw the connection between the Aryans and the Germans, although he did so incorrectly; there was never physical evidence to prove that the peoples of both cultures were connected (Heller 43).
		Because of the incorrect claims, the finding of the swastika at Hissarlik marked the beginning of the transformation of the swastika from a benign symbol to one with a political agenda.
	rmhassinger.iweb.bsu.edu /aryan.htm (266 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Turkish Counter-attack at Eski Hissarlik, 1915
		Battles: The Turkish Counter-attack at Eski Hissarlik, 1915
		Liman - an attached German officer in command of Turkish forces on the Gallipoli peninsular - had received a firm directive from Turkish war minister Enver Pasha requiring him to organise a night attack against the combined British and French beachhead at Cape Helles.
		A "Communication Trench" was a narrow trench constructed at an angle to a defensive trench to permit concealed access to the defensive trench.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/eskihissarlik.htm (292 words)

	TROY
		During the second millennium BC, it was the custom of illiterate Sea Peoples migrating from western Europe to verbally pass on history, that's how the tales of the greatest war of prehistory, the Trojan War was first recorded.
		Previously, Hissarlik in Turkey was thought to be the location of Troy, but no traces of the Trojan war have been found near there.
		The false assumption that Troy and the Trojan War was waged near Hissarlik in Asia Minor (Turkey), where no traces of the Trojan war are found, dates back to the eighth century BC when the first Greeks settled on Turkey's west coast.
	www.troy-in-england.co.uk /index.htm (821 words)

	[No title]
		Several years after the publication of Troy and Its Remains, Professor R. Jebb, one of the foremost classicists of the age, proclaimed that Schliemann had not uncovered Homer's Troy at all and, further, that it was vain to expect that a city such as Homer sang of lay hidden beneath the soil of the Troad.
		The citadel of Priam, in Nylander's opinion, must have succumbed earlier than this, when the Mycenaean cities were yet strong.
		Whether or not Troy has really been found, the mound of Hissarlik remains one of the most carefully excavated sites of Mycenaean times: and it is to the stratigraphic sequence that we shall now turn.
	saturniancosmology.org /files/homer/idtroy.txt (595 words)

	AllRefer.com - Heinrich Schliemann (Archaeology, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He accumulated a fortune in the indigo trade and as a military contractor and retired from business in 1863 to dedicate himself to finding Troy and other Homeric sites.
		After several years of study and travel, in 1871 he undertook at his own expense excavations at Hissarlik that resulted in the discovery of four superimposed towns.
		Schliemann's research at Hissarlik represented the archaeological discovery of a Homeric civilization, previously considered by many experts to be legendary.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Schliema.html (402 words)

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