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Topic: Histone

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	CiteULike: Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulation in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulation in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
		Motivation: In eukaryotic genomes, histone acetylation and thereafter departure from the chromatin are essential for gene transcription initiation.
		By canonical correlation analysis, we find that a histone acetylation pattern is correlated with a certain profile of transcription factor binding in the genome.
	www.citeulike.org /user/koller/article/501924 (551 words)

	Histone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biology, histones are the chief proteins of chromatin.
		Histone H2A variant H2A.Z is associated with actively transcribed genes and also involved in the formation of the heterochromatin.
		The word "histone" dates from the late 19th century and is from the German "Histon", of uncertain origin: perhaps from Greek histanai or from histos.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Histone (999 words)

	Histone H3.3A
		To determine the histone composition of transcribed genes, the distribution of GFP-tagged H3 and H3.3 was examined in Drosophila polytene chromosome spreads.
		In mammals, somatic histones are in part replaced by spermatid-specific variants during meiotic prophase, later by major transition proteins TP1 and TP2, and subsequently by highly basic protamines to ensure the remodeling of chromatin to a typically highly condensed and transcriptionally silent state of mature sperm.
		In Drosophila, histones are displaced with synchronous accumulation of protamines and Mst77F.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/polycomb/histone3-3-4.htm (4649 words)

	Effects of histone acetylation on the solubility and folding of the chromatin fiber -- Wang et al., ...
		Effects of histone acetylation on the solubility and folding of the chromatin fiber
		Furthermore, the acetylated chromatin fibers exhibited an enhanced solubility in both NaCl and MgCl2 which is neither the result of a differential binding affinity of the linker histones to chromatin, nor of an alteration in the relative amounts of the histone H1 variants.
		Trichostatin A-induced histone acetylation causes decondensation of interphase chromatin
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/short/M100501200v1 (654 words)

	Histone Deacetylase
		Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) are enzymes that influence transcription by selectively deacetylating or acetylating the ε-amino groups of lysine located near the amino termini of core histone proteins.
		Acetylation of lysines in histones neutralizes the positive electric charge between the negatively charged DNA backbone and tips the balance towards relaxing the chromatin, while deacetylation would shift the balance back to condensing the chromatin and silencing gene expression.
		A proposed mechanism for the anti-tumor effects of HDAC inhibitors is that the accumulation of acetylated histones leads to activation (and repression) of the transcription of a selected number of genes whose expression causes inhibition of tumor cell growth and induction of apoptosis.
	www.vincibiochem.it /HistoneDeacetylase.htm (865 words)

	endeavors magazine .: unc-chapel hill
		Four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) each contain a "head," or globular domain, and an amino "tail." Of interest to Strahl is that these histones, specifically processes that modify them, are thought to play a major role in controlling gene expression and cell division.
		The researchers' attention is focused on histone methylation, the addition of a methyl group to lysine, one of the amino acids that comprise the tail region of histone molecules.
		For his recent entry into histone modification, Strahl and former colleagues at the University of Virginia identified and characterized Set2, a novel histone that is responsible for methylating lysine 36 on the H3 tail.
	research.unc.edu /endeavors/fall2002/histone_tales.html (1440 words)

	Histone Summary
		Histones are a family of nuclear proteins that compacts DNA in eukaryotic cells, and are, therefore, therefore structural components of chromosomes.
		Histones are synthesized mainly in the beginning of phase S of the cell cycle, through increased transcriptional rates.
		Histones are found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells.
	www.bookrags.com /Histone (1671 words)

	The Scientist : Researchers Focus on Histone Code
		Histones, the proteins around which DNA coils to form chromatin, are moving toward the forefront of epigenetic research (see also, "The Meaning of Epigenetics").
		Berger and her lab found that in budding yeast, a certain phosphorylation event on the histone H3 tail is required for acetylation at a different amino acid on the same tail.
		In inactive heterochromatic regions, histone H3 tails were specifically methylated at lysine 9, and in the adjacent active region, the tails were methylated at lysine 4 only a few amino acids away.
	www.the-scientist.com /article/display/12599 (1027 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Normal histone modifications on the inactive X chromosome in ICF and Rett syndrome cells: ...
		Histone modification differences known to be associated with either silent or expressed chromatin also distinguish the active and inactive X chromosomes [15-19].
		Specific histone modifications including histone H3 and H4 acetylation, and histone H3 methylation at K4 and K9, were examined using antibodies to stain nuclei and metaphases [15-17].
		That DNA methylation is not critical to the developmental appearance of histone modifications is further supported by recent murine studies showing that differential histone modification of the Xs in early development precede differential developmental appearance of DNA methylation [33,34].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1741-7007/2/21 (5376 words)

	[4G] Histone Acetylation, DNA Methylation and Chromatin Remodeling
		Acetylation of the lysine residues at the N terminus of histone proteins removes positive charges, thereby reducing the affinity between histones and DNA.
		Histone acetylation is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylation is catalyzed by histone deacetylases (denoted by HDs or HDACs).
		The role of histones in chromatin remodelling during mammalian spermiogenesis - Eu.
	www.web-books.com /MoBio/Free/Ch4G.htm (356 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| PCR cloning of a histone H1 gene from Anopheles stephensimosquito cells: comparison of the ...
		Thus, unlike the case with the ubiquitinated ribosomal protein S27a in the rat [5], the histone tail is not removed from the mosquito ribosomal protein prior to ribosome assembly.
		Because histone H1 is the most variable of the histone proteins, and functions as a linker, rather than as a component of the histone octamer, we set out to clone a cDNA encoding a bona fide histone H1 protein from an An.
		When the deduced sequence of the Drosophila histone H1 protein (Accession NM_058232) was compared to the Anopheles gambiae genome using the program BLAST [12] on the NCBI website (National Center for Biotechnology Information; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), we obtained 5 accessions with E values ranging from 3e-35 to 8e-43, distributed on mosquito chromosomes 2 and 3.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2164/6/8 (3138 words)

	Headlines@Hopkins: Johns Hopkins University News Releases
		The scientists discovered another important characteristic of the histone fold: When its two halves are analyzed separately, one appears to be a duplicate of the other, and, the researchers suggest that the present-day histone fold may be produced by a gene that has been duplicated from a primordial gene half its size.
		But, by using the histone fold as a new "ruler," the scientists found that the proteins are, in fact, related, and are members of a distinct protein "superfamily." The members of the family have diverse biological functions but appear to have evolved from a common and simple protein ancestor, the histone fold.
		The histone octamer is arranged in three sections, held together by weak molecular bonds that relax when it is time for a portion of the DNA to stretch out so that a particular segment of genetic code can be expressed.
	www.jhu.edu /news_info/news/home95/nov95/oldgene.html (783 words)

	Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms -- Struhl 12 (5): 599 -- Genes and Development
		Histone acetylases and deacetylases are associated with the Pol II transcription machinery.
		Histone acetylation weakens the association of histones with DNA, thereby altering nucleosomal conformation and stability.
		of maize histone deacetylase HD2 as an acidic nucleolar phosphoprotein.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/12/5/599 (4839 words)

	Histone methylation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Histone methylation is the modification of the primary protein sequence of a histone protein by the addition of one, two, or three methyl groups.
		Histone methylation is generally associated with transcriptional repression.
		In late 2005 the jumanji domain-containing (JmjC) histone demethylases were discovered which are able to demethylate mono-, di-, or tri-methylated lysines thereby disproving the theory that histone methylation is permanent once and for all.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Histone_methylation (220 words)

	The tale beyond the tail: histone core domain modifications and the regulation of chromatin structure -- Mersfelder and ...
		The histone proteins are shown in a ribbon diagram with histone H2A shown in red, H2B in orange, H3 in blue and H4 in green.
		histone H2A) is hyperacetylated on H3 lysine 56.
		with a mutation of histone H4 lysine 91 (36).
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/34/9/2653 (7441 words)

	Histone H1° Human, Recombinant, Histones, New England Biolabs
		Histone H1 acts on the linker region of polynucleosome DNA to condense the chromatin into structures of ~30 nm (1).
		Histone H1°; is a non replication-dependent histone that is highly expressed in cells that have terminally differentiated (3).
		The protein concentration (1 mg/ml, 48 µM) is calculated using the molar extinction coefficient for Histone H1 (3840) and its absorbance at 280 nm (4,5).
	www.neb.com /nebecomm/products/productM2501.asp (548 words)

	The H1A Histone Variant is an In vivo Repressor of Oocyte-Type 5S Gene Transcription in Xenopus laevis Embryos -- ...
		Previous in vitro transcription studies have pointed to the importance of histone H1 for repression of oocyte-type 5S genes of Xenopus laevis.
		A mammalian oocyte-specific linker histone gene H1oo: homology with the genes for the oocyte-specific cleavage stage histone (cs-H1) of sea urchin and the B4/H1M histone of the frog
		Histone H1 Reduces the Frequency of Initiation in Xenopus Egg Extract by Limiting the Assembly of Prereplication Complexes on Sperm Chromatin
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/91/15/7257 (867 words)

	The Molecular Perspective: Histone Deacetylase -- Goodsell 8 (4): 389 -- The Oncologist
		The groove at the top grips the histone tail and transfers the acetyl group provided by acetyl-coenzyme A. At the bottom is a bacterial analog of a histone deacetylase.
		At the center, histone deacetylase (in red) is removing the acetyl groups.
		At the bottom, the deacetylated histone tails associate with neighboring nucleosomes to form a compact, inaccessible form of chromatin.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/8/4/389 (848 words)

	Rearrangement of the Histone H2A C-Terminal Domain in the Nucleosome -- Usachenko et al. 91 (15): 6845 -- Proceedings ...
		Using zero-length covalent protein-DNA crosslinking, we have mapped the histone-DNA contacts in nucleosome core particles from which the C- and N-terminal domains of histone H2A were selectively trimmed by trypsin or clostripain.
		We found that the flexible trypsin-sensitive C-terminal domain of histone H2A contacts the dyad axis, whereas its globular domain contacts the end of DNA in the nucleosome core particle.
		The appearance of the histone H2A contact at the dyad axis occurs only in the absence of linker DNA and does not depend on the absence of linker histones.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/short/91/15/6845 (738 words)

	A Feed-Forward Repression Mechanism Anchors the Sin3/Histone Deacetylase and N-CoR/SMRT Corepressors on Chromatin -- ...
		that deacetylation of histone H4 in the absence of anchoring
		the histone H4 tail was dispensable for the anchoring of corepressors
		Homogeneous reconstituted oligonucleosomes, evidence for salt-dependent folding in the absence of histone H1.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/26/14/5226 (5446 words)

	Histone deacetylase inhibitors induced caspase-independent apoptosis in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines -- ...
		Apicidin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induces apoptosis and Fas/Fas ligand expression on human acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells.
		Depsipeptide (FR901228) induces histone acetylation and inhibition of histone deacetylase in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells concurrent with activation of caspase 8-mediated apoptosis and down-regulation of c-FLIP protein.
		Trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, strongly suppresses growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.
	mct.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/4/8/1222 (5057 words)

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