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	Carla Nayland Book Review - The Reign of Arthur by Christopher Gidlow
		Two of these, Historia Brittonum and Annales Cambriae, say that Arthur was the victorious commander at a battle named Badon, and two further sources, Gildas' De Excidio Britanniae and Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, mention the battle of Badon but do not mention the name Arthur.
		Historia Brittonum (sometimes called Nennius after the name attributed to its author in one - but not all - of the surviving versions of the text) says in its prologue that it was written in about 830 AD.
		Historia Brittonum's account is a prosaic description of the career of a successful military leader who won a lot of battles.
	www.carlanayland.org /reviews/reign_arthur.htm (1880 words)

	Ambrosius Aurelianus
		This story was later retold with more detail by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniae[?], conflating the personage of Ambrosius with the Welsh tradition of Merlin the visonary, known for oracular utterances that foretold the coming victories of the native Celtic inhabitants of Britain over the Saxons and the Normans.
		Because Ambrosius and Vortigern are shown in the Historia Brittonum as being in conflict, some historians have suspected that this preserves a historical core of the existence of two parties in opposition to one another, one headed by Ambrosius, and the other by Vortigern.
		Yet a simpler alternative interpretation of this conflict between these two figures is that the Historia Brittonum is preserving traditions hostile to the purported descendants of Vortigern, who at this time were a ruling house in Powys.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/am/Ambrosius_Aurelianus.html (786 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Historia Brittonum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Historia Britonum, or The History of the Britons, is a historical work that was first written sometime shortly after AD 820, and exists in several recensions of varying difference.
		Traditionally, the Historia Britonum is ascribed to be the work of Nennius, a Welsh monk of the ninth century.
		The Historia Britonum has also drawn attention because of its role in influencing the legends and myths surrounding King Arthur.
	encyclopedia.kids.net.au /page/hi/Historia_Brittonum (2062 words)

	ooBdoo
		The Historia Brittonum says that Pybba had twelve sons, including Penda, but that Penda and Eowa were those best known to its author.
		Bede, in his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, says of Penda that he was "a most warlike man of the royal race of the Mercians" and that, following Edwin of Northumbria's defeat in 633 (see below), he ruled the Mercians for twenty-two years with varying fortune.
		The Historia Brittonum may also be referring to this battle when it says that Penda first freed (separavit) the Mercians from the Northumbrians.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Penda (4960 words)

	The Monstrous Regiment of Arthurs
		Historia Brittonum in the ‘Old North’ of Britain on the basis of a consideration of regional bias in the earliest stratum of Arthurian evidence (both historical and literary: see especially Bromwich, 1975-6).
		Historia Brittonum is Arthur being appointed to the control of some kind of combined British army – a general, if you will, appointed by the British kings to lead the fight against the invaders wherever he is required.
		Historia Brittonum chapter 56 operated in, then it follows that Arthur was probably a figure from the southern portion of Britain and most probably the south-west.
	www.arthuriana.co.uk /historicity/arthurappendix.htm (5372 words)

	Nennius and the Historia Brittonum
		It has become clear that all MSS of the Historia Brittonum are different enough from each other, as well as from the later Welsh Bruts and the Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth, to be seen as very late but original version of an independent Welsh tradition.
		These MSS often resemble each other the Historia Brittonum and the Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth, which has in the past been the main reason to discard them as flawed versions of the Historia Brittonum, which as we have seen was not held in high esteem to begin with.
		I regret that I cannot accept their views on the value of the Historia Brittonum in any respect, because in my view (and that of others) these are largely based on an overvaluation of Bede and his use of Gildas.
	www.vortigernstudies.org.uk /artsou/historia.htm (3166 words)

	Life of King Arthur
		Historia Brittonum was written by Nennius (8th century).
		Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum ("Ecclesiastical History of the English People") was written by St Bede the Venerable, in 732.
		Later legends, such as Boron's trilogy and the Vulgate Cycle, say that it was Merlin who thought of the design and created the Round Table, which soon became associated with the quest of the Holy Grail.
	www.timelessmyths.com /arthurian/lifearthur.html (4231 words)

	The Historicity and Historicisation of Arthur
		Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae, both of which would appear to have a concept of Arthur that is (at least partly) unequivocally historical.
		The best we can therefore honestly say is that in the Historia Brittonum, a source of very dubious historical value (which can be shown to portray mythical figures as genuinely historical), we have evidence for the idea that Arthur was a historical figure being current by A.D. 829/30 at the latest.
		The Historia Brittonum and Annales Cambriae references must be seen in the context of all the early Arthurian material, not as discrete pieces of information that can be mined for 'facts'.
	www.arthuriana.co.uk /historicity/arthur.htm (9844 words)

	I24630: Vortigern Vorteneu "the Thin" (Hg Kg of Britain) (Abt 370 - Abt 459)
		Historia Brittonum, C.66; the name of Vitalinus is very much connected with Vortigern.
		Historia Brittonum, C.49; Gwrtheyrn Gwrteneu or Vortigern the Thin (This may have referred to his old age), son of Vitalis, son of Vitalinus, son of Gloiu.
		Historia Brittonum, C.66; We can be fairly certain of Vortigern's accession in 425.
	www.pa.uky.edu /~shapere/dkbingham/d0000/g0000086.html (700 words)

	The Historicity and Historicisation of Arthur
		Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae, both of which would appear to have a concept of Arthur that is (at least partly) unequivocally historical.
		The best we can therefore honestly say is that in the Historia Brittonum, a source of very dubious historical value (which can be shown to portray mythical figures as genuinely historical), we have evidence for the idea that Arthur was a historical figure being current by A.D. 829/30 at the latest.
		Dumville, D.N. 1975-6, 'Nennius and the Historia Brittonum' in Studia Celtica 10/11, pp.78-95
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~tomgreen/arthur.htm (9908 words)

	The Heroic Age: Forty Years of Fear
		The first British glimpse is from Gildas (Winterbottom 1978), a century after the events in question, followed by Bede (Shirley-Price 1990) in the eight century, and Nennius, the supposed author of the Historia Brittonum in the ninth century.
		It came to pass that after this war between the British and the Romans, when their generals were killed, and after the killing of the tyrant Maximus and the end of the Roman Empire in Britain, the Britons went in fear for 40 years.
		The purpose of this paper was to re-examine the validity of the dates in Chapter 66 of the Historia Brittonum, by examining the criticism of Nennius supposed methods.
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/2/ha2fyf.htm (3500 words)

	Epithets
		The Historia tells us in Section 49 that Guithelinus was one of the sons of Gloui, and in Section 66 that there was discord between Guithelinus and Ambrosius.
		He occupies a niche in The Historia Brittonum, coming down from the north with his sons and expelling Istoreth and the Kindred of Eight from Britain, Welsh genealogies list his father as Aeternus, his grandfather as Paternus, and his great-grandfather as Tacitus, all Roman names.
		In addition to the genealogy, the Historia narratives that Catigern, in addition to Horsa, is killed in one of Vortimer's battles against the Angles.
	kingarthura-z.home.att.net /Epithets.html (2267 words)

	The FAQS about Vortigern
		According to the genealogy in the Historia Brittonum, his father was called Guitol (Vitalis) and originated in Gloucester.
		The Historia Brittonum however dates him as reigning from 425x450, on grounds which cannot be refuted easily.
		The Historia Brittonum names that territory as an enlarged Powys, and names his background as Gloucester, but nothing more.
	www.vortigernstudies.org.uk /faqs.htm (1537 words)

	Geoffrey of Monmouth
		The Historia was completed in 1138, a very tumultuous year in a tumultuous time in English history.
		With this historical context in mind, it is easy to see why Geoffrey of Monmouth would be eager to bring back the noble days of yore, when the illustrious British race was governed with wisdom and temperance, rather than tossed around by the whims of foreigners.
		The bulk of the Historia Regum Brittaniae is the lengthy family history of the descendants of Brutus, recast as a Trojan, and adding Aeneas (and therefore Aphrodite herself) to his pedigree.
	www.csun.edu /~sk36711/WWW/engl630AL/reports/mortensen.htm (2141 words)

	The Heroic Age: Forty Years of Fear, N/B
		Most of the manuscripts of the Historia Brittonum end their historical portion with the "Arthuriana", followed by two geographical appendices and two lists, that of the civitates and the mirabilia.
		Though he regarded the Historia Brittonum as generally suspect, Johnson saw the dates for Vortigern as a "neat context" for an Anglo-Saxon take-over in A.D. 441 (as related by the Gallic Chronicle of 452).
		Dumville, David N. "Some Aspects of the Chronology of the Historia Brittonum." Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 25:439-445.
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/2/ha2fyf2.htm (1984 words)

	Legends - King Arthur - Merlin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Geoffrey blended two older story-strands: a long-lived British folkloric tradition of a "Wildman of the Woods," sometimes called Lailoken and, later, Myrddin, and a story from Nennius' Historia Brittonum or History of the Britons of a fatherless boy called Ambrosius who prophesies the doom of King Vortigern.
		Arthurian Passages from the History of the Kings of Britain by Geoffrey of Monmouth, edited and translated by J.A. Giles, D.C.L., at the Camelot Project.
		Historia Brittonum, an annotated essay on Nennius and the Historia by Robert Vermaat at Vortigern Studies.
	legends.duelingmodems.com /kingarthur/merlin.html (616 words)

	Genealogy: Merlin
		Geoffrey had also written Historia regum Britanniae in 1137, where Merlin first appeared as a boy and advised the King Vortigern about his crumbling fortress walls.
		The family tree is based upon the account in Historia Brittonum, which Nennius had written in the 9th century.
		The genealogy above, is based upon the Historia regum Britanniae, written by Geoffrey of Monmouth, in 1137.
	www.timelessmyths.com /arthurian/housemerlin.html (713 words)

	Historia Brittonum
		The earliest version of Historia Brittonum is the Chartres 98, believed to have been written for Merfyn Frych of Manaw (Man) around the year 900, when Maelgwn Gwynedd's line died out.
		This manuscript is usually dated to the 11th century, which is prior to Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia in the 12th.
		The importance of this--and the fact that the earliest version of the HB can be dated to around 9002--shows that Geoffrey was not purely inventing much of his history: Brutus is here, as is Vortigern and the story of Merlin and the dragons (though here "Merlin" is Ambrosius).
	www.maryjones.us /jce/historia.html (442 words)

	Historia Brittonum
		et hoc cum compertum esset a sancto Germano, eum corripere venit cum omni clero Brittonum.
		tunc Arthur pugnabat contra illos in illis diebus cum regibus Brittonum, sed ipse erat dux bellorum.
		historia istius altaris melius mihi videtur narrare quam reticere.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /histbrit.html (7865 words)

	Ancient English History : New Chronology
		Nennius' "Historia Brittonum" is a rather short text, only about 24 pages in [8].
		It is accepted today that Nennius describes certain events in a time interval from the epoch of Trojan war to 10-11th cc.
		Galfridus Monemutensis' "Historia Brittonum" was extremely popular in medieval times.
	www.new-tradition.org /Investigation-eng-history.htm (4590 words)

	§3. Nennius and "Historia Brittonum". V. Latin Writings in England to the Time of Alfred. Vol. 1. From the ...
		Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference > Cambridge History > From the Beginnings to the Cycles of Romance > Latin Writings in England to the Time of Alfred > Nennius and Historia Brittonum
		The Historia Brittonum has been the centre of many controversies as to its date and origin.
		As set forth in Theodor Mommsen’s edition, it consists of the following tracts, which together form what has been called Volumen Britanniae, or the Book of Britain: 1.
	www.bartleby.com /211/0503.html (789 words)

	Medieval Historiography & Arthur of Britain
		Nennius's weird compilation of British history was the first to mention Arthur by name, and to flesh out his "history" a bit.
		Also known as the Annals of Wales, the earliest surviving version of this chronology (447-954 C.E.) is attached to the famous Harleian manuscript of the Historia Brittonum.
		This excerpt is, in a manner of speaking, the retrospective view from the other side before, during and after the age of Arthur.
	www.littleboh.com /history.shtml (334 words)

	History of the Britons (Historia Brittonum) eBook
		Search Results for "History of the Britons (Historia Brittonum)"
		The Britons were once very populous, and exercised extensive dominion from sea to sea.
		History of the Britons (Historia Brittonum) from Project Gutenberg.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/1972/3.html (155 words)

	BIBLIOGRAPHY of GAELIC ARTHURIAN LITERATURE
		A new text and translation of the relevant part of Acallam na Senórach is appended to discussion which includes the Irish translation of the Historia Brittonum and genealogical material.
		Note: only those works on the Historia Brittonum with direct bearing on the Irish translation are included here.
		Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Scotland, the 'Nennian' recension of the Historia Brittonum, and the Lebor Bretnach," in Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland 500-1297: Essays in honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the occasion of her ninetieth birthday, ed.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /camelot/acpbibs/gowans.htm (7787 words)

	The SF Site Featured Review: Kinsmen of the Grail
		As the author points out, many English readers see the stories of Arthur, and in particular of the Grail Quest by Perceval and others, as a strictly English purview.
		After all, Arthur makes his first appearance in the Welsh monk Nennius' 9th century Historia Brittonum* and it is the early British "historian" Geoffrey of Monmouth who creates much of the Arthurian mythology in his Historia Regum Britanniae* (c.
		However if you were scouting out Arthuriana in the monasteries of 13th century Europe you would have found a huge preponderance of French metrical and prose romances.
	www.sfsite.com /12a/kg94.htm (799 words)

	The Irish version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
		Sir H. Howorth, 'Nennius' and the 'Historia Britonum', Archaeologia Cambrensis.
		Krappe, Note sur une épisode de l' Historia Britonum de Nennius, Rev. Celtique XLI (1924) 181-188.
		Liebermann, Nennius the author of the Historia Brittonum.
	www.ucc.ie /celt/published/T100028/T100028.html (10500 words)

	Historia Brittonum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) appears to have originally been compiled c.829.
		None of the surviving manuscripts, of which there are about 40, is earlier than the 11th century.
		"It is impossible, therefore, to generalize about the value of the Historia Brittonum.
	www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk /nennius.htm (250 words)

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